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1.
J Infect Dis ; 2024 Apr 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38591239

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) causes rare but severe zoonotic infections in humans, presenting as severe encephalitis. The case-fatality risk is very high and no effective countermeasures have been established so far. An immunopathology is presumed, while data on immune responses in humans are limited. Evidence of a role of the complement system in various neurological disorders and central nervous viral infections is increasing and specific inhibitors are available as therapeutic options. METHODS: In this study, we investigated factors of the complement system in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with BoDV-1 infections (n = 17) in comparison to non-inflammatory control CSF samples (n = 11), using a bead-based multiplex assay. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed using post-mortem brain tissue samples. RESULTS: We found an intrathecal elevation of complement factors of all complement pathways and an active cascade during human BoDV-1 infections. The increase of certain complement factors such as C1q was persistent and C3 complement deposits were detected in post-mortem brain sections. Intrathecal complement levels were negatively correlated with survival. CONCLUSION: Further investigations are warranted to clarify, whether targeting the complement cascade by specific inhibitors might be beneficial for patients suffering from severe BoDV-1 encephalitis.

2.
Lancet Oncol ; 25(7): 922-932, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38936379

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumour in children. Relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma is associated with a poor outcome. We assessed the combination of irinotecan-temozolomide and dasatinib-rapamycin (RIST) in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. METHODS: The multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2, RIST-rNB-2011 trial recruited from 40 paediatric oncology centres in Germany and Austria. Patients aged 1-25 years with high-risk relapsed (defined as recurrence of all stage IV and MYCN amplification stages, after response to treatment) or refractory (progressive disease during primary treatment) neuroblastoma, with Lansky and Karnofsky performance status at least 50%, were assigned (1:1) to RIST (RIST group) or irinotecan-temozolomide (control group) by block randomisation, stratified by MYCN status. We compared RIST (oral rapamycin [loading 3 mg/m2 on day 1, maintenance 1 mg/m2 on days 2-4] and oral dasatinib [2 mg/kg per day] for 4 days with 3 days off, followed by intravenous irinotecan [50 mg/m2 per day] and oral temozolomide [150 mg/m2 per day] for 5 days with 2 days off; one course each of rapamycin-dasatinib and irinotecan-temozolomide for four cycles over 8 weeks, then two courses of rapamycin-dasatinib followed by one course of irinotecan-temozolomide for 12 weeks) with irinotecan-temozolomide alone (with identical dosing as experimental group). The primary endpoint of progression-free survival was analysed in all eligible patients who received at least one course of therapy. The safety population consisted of all patients who received at least one course of therapy and had at least one post-baseline safety assessment. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01467986, and is closed to accrual. FINDINGS: Between Aug 26, 2013, and Sept 21, 2020, 129 patients were randomly assigned to the RIST group (n=63) or control group (n=66). Median age was 5·4 years (IQR 3·7-8·1). 124 patients (78 [63%] male and 46 [37%] female) were included in the efficacy analysis. At a median follow-up of 72 months (IQR 31-88), the median progression-free survival was 11 months (95% CI 7-17) in the RIST group and 5 months (2-8) in the control group (hazard ratio 0·62, one-sided 90% CI 0·81; p=0·019). Median progression-free survival in patients with amplified MYCN (n=48) was 6 months (95% CI 4-24) in the RIST group versus 2 months (2-5) in the control group (HR 0·45 [95% CI 0·24-0·84], p=0·012); median progression-free survival in patients without amplified MYCN (n=76) was 14 months (95% CI 9-7) in the RIST group versus 8 months (4-15) in the control group (HR 0·84 [95% CI 0·51-1·38], p=0·49). The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events were neutropenia (54 [81%] of 67 patients given RIST vs 49 [82%] of 60 patients given control), thrombocytopenia (45 [67%] vs 41 [68%]), and anaemia (39 [58%] vs 38 [63%]). Nine serious treatment-related adverse events were reported (five patients given control and four patients given RIST). There were no treatment-related deaths in the control group and one in the RIST group (multiorgan failure). INTERPRETATION: RIST-rNB-2011 demonstrated that targeting of MYCN-amplified relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma with a pathway-directed metronomic combination of a multkinase inhibitor and an mTOR inhibitor can improve progression-free survival and overall survival. This exclusive efficacy in MYCN-amplified, relapsed neuroblastoma warrants further investigation in the first-line setting. FUNDING: Deutsche Krebshilfe.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Dasatinibe , Irinotecano , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Neuroblastoma , Sirolimo , Temozolomida , Humanos , Temozolomida/administração & dosagem , Temozolomida/uso terapêutico , Irinotecano/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Feminino , Neuroblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Neuroblastoma/mortalidade , Neuroblastoma/patologia , Neuroblastoma/genética , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Dasatinibe/administração & dosagem , Dasatinibe/uso terapêutico , Dasatinibe/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Lactente , Adulto , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Sirolimo/uso terapêutico , Adulto Jovem , Alemanha , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Intervalo Livre de Progressão
3.
Clin Neuropathol ; 42(3): 112-121, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36999511

RESUMO

We previously reported on the first neuropathological round robin trials operated together with Quality in Pathology (QuIP) GmbH in 2018 and 2019 in Germany, i.e., the trials on IDH mutational testing and MGMT promoter methylation analysis [1]. For 2020 and 2021, the spectrum of round robin trials has been expanded to cover the most commonly used assays in neuropathological institutions. In addition to IDH mutation and MGMT promoter methylation testing, there is a long tradition for 1p/19q codeletion testing relevant in the context of the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma. With the 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the central nervous system tumors, additional molecular markers came into focus: TERT promoter mutation is often assessed as a molecular diagnostic criterion for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Moreover, several molecular diagnostic markers have been introduced for pediatric brain tumors. Here, trials on KIAA1549::BRAF fusions (common in pilocytic astrocytomas) and H3-3A mutations (in diffuse midline gliomas, H3-K27-altered and diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3-G34-mutant) were most desired by the neuropathological community. In this update, we report on these novel round robin trials. In summary, success rates in all four trials ranged from 75 to 96%, arguing for an overall high quality level in the field of molecular neuropathological diagnostics.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais , Deleção Cromossômica , Testes Genéticos , Histonas , Mutação , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Telomerase , Criança , Humanos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Alemanha , Histonas/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Oligodendroglioma/diagnóstico , Oligodendroglioma/genética , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Telomerase/genética
4.
Neurosurg Focus ; 50(1): E19, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33386020

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an established tool in basic research for tissue imaging at the level of microstructures. Miniaturization and refinement of the technology have made this modality available for operative imaging with a handheld device. Sufficient image contrast is provided by the preoperative application of fluorescein sodium. The authors report their first experiences in a clinical case series using the new confocal laser endomicroscope. METHODS: Handling, operative workflow, and visualization of the CLE were critically evaluated in 12 cases of different CNS tumors. Three different imaging positions in relation to the tumor were chosen: the tumor border (I), tumor center (II), and perilesional zone (III). Respective diagnostic sampling with H & E staining and matching intraoperative neuronavigation and microscope images are provided. RESULTS: CLE was found to be beneficial in terms of high-quality visualization of fine structures and for displaying hidden anatomical details. The handling of the device was good, and the workflow was easy. CONCLUSIONS: Handling ergonomics and image acquisition are intuitive. The endomicroscope allows excellent additional visualization of microstructures in the surgical field with a minimally invasive technique and could improve safety and clinical outcomes. The new confocal laser endomicroscope is an advanced tool with the potential to change intracranial tumor surgery. Imaging of these microstructures is novel, and research with comparative validation with traditional neuropathological assessments is needed.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neurocirurgia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Fluoresceína , Humanos , Lasers , Microscopia Confocal
5.
Clin Neuropathol ; 39(5): 203-211, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32352373

RESUMO

We here report on the first neuropathological round robin trials initiated by the Quality Assurance Initiative Pathology (QuIP) in Germany in the years 2018 and 2019. Testing services as external laboratory controls were offered for IDH1-R132H immunohistochemistry in 2018 followed by a molecular trial for IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in 2019 including the rare mutational variants. Also in 2019, a trial on MGMT promoter methylation testing was offered. On a national scale, trial offers were well received with around 40 participating institutions. The international announcement of the molecular IDH1/IDH2 mutational trial achieved only moderate European outspread. Success rates in all three trials were excellent (IDH1-R132H immunohistochemistry 2018: 94%, 18 out of 20 possible points required; IDH1/IDH2 mutational status 2019: 100%, 19 out of 20 possible points required; MGMT promoter methylation 2019: 94%, 19 out of 20 possible points required) indicating that quality standards are high in the broad majority of the institutions. Trial participation also involved filling in a questionnaire asking for background information on local testing procedures. We here present a first assessment of the information collected providing unique insights in the landscape of molecular testing in neuropathology. Derived from this information we identify future challenges and provide an outlook on the development of quality assurance in the field of neuropathology.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Metilases de Modificação do DNA/genética , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/genética , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/genética , Neuropatologia/normas , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Metilação de DNA , Alemanha , Glioma/genética , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Mutação , Patologia Clínica/normas
6.
Acta Neuropathol ; 138(4): 653-665, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31346692

RESUMO

After many years of controversy, there is now recent and solid evidence that classical Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) can infect humans. On the basis of six brain autopsies, we provide the first systematic overview on BoDV-1 tissue distribution and the lesion pattern in fatal BoDV-1-induced encephalitis. All brains revealed a non-purulent, lymphocytic sclerosing panencephalomyelitis with detection of BoDV-1-typical eosinophilic, spherical intranuclear Joest-Degen inclusion bodies. While the composition of histopathological changes was constant, the inflammatory distribution pattern varied interindividually, affecting predominantly the basal nuclei in two patients, hippocampus in one patient, whereas two patients showed a more diffuse distribution. By immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization, BoDV-1 was detected in all examined brain tissue samples. Furthermore, infection of the peripheral nervous system was observed. This study aims at raising awareness to human bornavirus encephalitis as differential diagnosis in lymphocytic sclerosing panencephalomyelitis. A higher attention to human BoDV-1 infection by health professionals may likely increase the detection of more cases and foster a clearer picture of the disease.


Assuntos
Doença de Borna/patologia , Vírus da Doença de Borna , Encéfalo/patologia , Encefalomielite/patologia , Adolescente , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
7.
Muscle Nerve ; 55(1): 101-108, 2017 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27104792

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Functional immobility of the diaphragm by mechanical ventilation impairs neuromuscular transmission and may result in ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. We compared 3 diaphragmatic immobilization models with respect to their effects on expression of adult and fetal acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK), and muscle fiber morphology. METHODS: Diaphragms of rats were immobilized by either: (1) phrenicotomy; (2) presynaptic tetrodotoxin nerve blockade; or (3) postsynaptic polyethylene orthosis. AChR subtypes and MuSK were quantified by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Muscle fiber morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS: Adult AChRs remained unchanged, whereas fetal AChRs and MuSK were upregulated in all models. Denervation induced the strongest changes in muscle morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Each diaphragm immobilization model led to severe morphologic and postsynaptic receptor changes. Postsynaptic polyethylene orthosis, a new model with an intact and functioning motor unit, best reflects the clinical picture of a functionally immobilized diaphragm. Muscle Nerve 55: 101-108, 2017.


Assuntos
Denervação , Diafragma/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/fisiologia , Junção Neuromuscular/metabolismo , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Receptores Colinérgicos/metabolismo , Animais , Peso Corporal , Embrião de Mamíferos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Junção Neuromuscular/embriologia , Transporte Proteico , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Tetrodotoxina/farmacologia
8.
Neuro Oncol ; 26(5): 922-932, 2024 May 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38243410

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The aim of this clinical trial was to compare Fluorescein-stained intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) of intracranial lesions and evaluation by a neuropathologist with routine intraoperative frozen section (FS) assessment by neuropathology. METHODS: In this phase II noninferiority, prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, off-label clinical trial (EudraCT: 2019-004512-58), patients above the age of 18 years with any intracranial lesion scheduled for elective resection were included. The diagnostic accuracies of both CLE and FS referenced with the final histopathological diagnosis were statistically compared in a noninferiority analysis, representing the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included the safety of the technique and time expedited for CLE and FS. RESULTS: A total of 210 patients were included by 3 participating sites between November 2020 and June 2022. Most common entities were high-grade gliomas (37.9%), metastases (24.1%), and meningiomas (22.7%). A total of 6 serious adverse events in 4 (2%) patients were recorded. For the primary endpoint, the diagnostic accuracy for CLE was inferior with 0.87 versus 0.91 for FS, resulting in a difference of 0.04 (95% confidence interval -0.10; 0.02; P = .367). The median time expedited until intraoperative diagnosis was 3 minutes for CLE and 27 minutes for FS, with a mean difference of 27.5 minutes (standard deviation 14.5; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: CLE allowed for a safe and time-effective intraoperative histological diagnosis with a diagnostic accuracy of 87% across all intracranial entities included. The technique achieved histological assessments in real time with a 10-fold reduction of processing time compared to FS, which may invariably impact surgical strategy on the fly.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Fluoresceína , Secções Congeladas , Microscopia Confocal , Humanos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Microscopia Confocal/métodos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Secções Congeladas/métodos , Idoso , Adulto , Seguimentos , Adulto Jovem , Prognóstico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais
9.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 107(43): 18493-8, 2010 Oct 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20937862

RESUMO

Pheochromocytomas are rare neoplasias of neural crest origin arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia (extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma). Pheochromocytoma that develop in rats homozygous for a loss-of-function mutation in p27Kip1 (MENX syndrome) show a clear progression from hyperplasia to tumor, offering the possibility to gain insight into tumor pathobiology. We compared the gene-expression signatures of both adrenomedullary hyperplasia and pheochromocytoma with normal rat adrenal medulla. Hyperplasia and tumor show very similar transcriptome profiles, indicating early determination of the tumorigenic signature. Overrepresentation of developmentally regulated neural genes was a feature of the rat lesions. Quantitative RT-PCR validated the up-regulation of 11 genes, including some involved in neural development: Cdkn2a, Cdkn2c, Neurod1, Gal, Bmp7, and Phox2a. Overexpression of these genes precedes histological changes in affected adrenal glands. Their presence at early stages of tumorigenesis indicates they are not acquired during progression and may be a result of the lack of functional p27Kip1. Adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma development clearly follows diverged molecular pathways in MENX rats. To correlate these findings to human pheochromocytoma, we studied nine genes overexpressed in the rat lesions in 46 sporadic and familial human pheochromocytomas. The expression of GAL, DGKH, BMP7, PHOX2A, L1CAM, TCTE1, EBF3, SOX4, and HASH1 was up-regulated, although with different frequencies. Immunohistochemical staining detected high L1CAM expression selectively in 27 human pheochromocytomas but not in 140 nonchromaffin neuroendocrine tumors. These studies reveal clues to the molecular pathways involved in rat and human pheochromocytoma and identify previously unexplored biomarkers for clinical use.


Assuntos
Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/genética , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla/genética , Feocromocitoma/genética , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/patologia , Medula Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Medula Suprarrenal/patologia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p27/genética , Primers do DNA/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Humanos , Hiperplasia , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla/patologia , Molécula L1 de Adesão de Célula Nervosa/genética , Células PC12 , Paraganglioma/genética , Feocromocitoma/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Mutantes , Especificidade da Espécie
10.
Cells ; 12(14)2023 07 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37508520

RESUMO

Conventional 2D cultures are commonly used in cancer research though they come with limitations such as the lack of microenvironment or reduced cell heterogeneity. In this study, we investigated in what respect a scaffold-based (Matrigel™) 3D culture technique can ameliorate the limitations of 2D cultures. NGS-based bulk and single-cell sequencing of matched pairs of 2D and 3D models showed an altered transcription of key immune regulatory genes in around 36% of 3D models, indicating the reoccurrence of an immune suppressive phenotype. Changes included the presentation of different HLA surface molecules as well as cellular stressors. We also investigated the 3D tumor organoids in a co-culture setting with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Of note, lymphocyte-mediated cell killing appeared less effective in clearing 3D models than their 2D counterparts. IFN-γ release, as well as live cell staining and proliferation analysis, pointed toward an elevated resistance of 3D models. In conclusion, we found that the scaffold-based (Matrigel™) 3D culture technique affects the transcriptional profile in a subset of GBM models. Thus, these models allow for depicting clinically relevant aspects of tumor-immune interaction, with the potential to explore immunotherapeutic approaches in an easily accessible in vitro system.


Assuntos
Glioblastoma , Humanos , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Técnicas de Cocultura , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Fenótipo , Microambiente Tumoral
11.
Viruses ; 15(1)2023 01 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36680228

RESUMO

More than 40 human cases of severe encephalitis caused by Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) have been reported to German health authorities. In an endemic region in southern Germany, we conducted the seroepidemiological BoSOT study ("BoDV-1 after solid-organ transplantation") to assess whether there are undetected oligo- or asymptomatic courses of infection. A total of 216 healthy blood donors and 280 outpatients after solid organ transplantation were screened by a recombinant BoDV-1 ELISA followed by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (iIFA) as confirmatory test. For comparison, 288 serum and 258 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples with a request for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) diagnostics were analyzed for BoDV-1 infections. ELISA screening reactivity rates ranged from 3.5% to 18.6% depending on the cohort and the used ELISA antigen, but only one sample of a patient from the cohort with requested TBE diagnostics was confirmed to be positive for anti-BoDV-1-IgG by iIFA. In addition, the corresponding CSF sample of this patient with a three-week history of severe neurological disease tested positive for BoDV-1 RNA. Due to the iIFA results, all other results were interpreted as false-reactive in the ELISA screening. By linear serological epitope mapping, cross-reactions with human and bacterial proteins were identified as possible underlying mechanism for the false-reactive ELISA screening results. In conclusion, no oligo- or asymptomatic infections were detected in the studied cohorts. Serological tests based on a single recombinant BoDV-1 antigen should be interpreted with caution, and an iIFA should always be performed in addition.


Assuntos
Doença de Borna , Vírus da Doença de Borna , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos , Encefalite Viral , Encefalite , Infecções por Flavivirus , Animais , Humanos , Vírus da Doença de Borna/genética , Doença de Borna/epidemiologia , Doença de Borna/genética , Encefalite Viral/epidemiologia , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/diagnóstico , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/epidemiologia , Alemanha/epidemiologia
12.
Cell Rep Med ; 3(1): 100499, 2022 01 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35106511

RESUMO

Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) causes rare but often fatal encephalitis in humans. Late diagnosis prohibits an experimental therapeutic approach. Here, we report a recent case of fatal BoDV-1 infection diagnosed on day 12 after hospitalization by detection of BoDV-1 RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid. In a retrospective analysis, we detect BoDV-1 RNA 1 day after hospital admission when the cell count in the cerebrospinal fluid is still normal. We develop a new ELISA using recombinant BoDV-1 nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, and accessory protein X to detect seroconversion on day 12. Antibody responses are also shown in seven previously confirmed cases. The individual BoDV-1 antibody profiles show variability, but the usage of three different BoDV-1 antigens results in a more sensitive diagnostic tool. Our findings demonstrate that early detection of BoDV-1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid and the presence of antibodies against at least two different viral antigens contribute to BoDV-1 diagnosis. Physicians in endemic regions should consider BoDV-1 infection in cases of unclear encephalopathy and initiate appropriate diagnostics at an early stage.


Assuntos
Anticorpos/imunologia , Doença de Borna/diagnóstico , Doença de Borna/imunologia , Vírus da Doença de Borna/fisiologia , Nucleoproteínas/imunologia , Fosfoproteínas/imunologia , Proteínas Virais/imunologia , Idoso , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Humanos , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Células Vero
13.
J Neurooncol ; 102(2): 323-8, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20640479

RESUMO

We describe here a rare case of the transformation of a supratentorial melanocytoma and diffuse melanocytosis into a primary malignant, CNS melanoma. A 71-year-old woman was admitted after suffering from bulbar speech and dysfunction of fine motor skills for three years. Cerebral imaging revealed an inhomogeneous tumor mass in the right frontal lobe. After craniotomy and opening of the dura, a partially black brain surface was exposed. The solid tumor mass was completely resected. Histopathological workup of the surgical specimen (solid tumor) revealed a melanocytoma with transformation into a malignant melanoma. Three months after surgery, an MR scan was carried out, revealing local tumor recurrence and intracranial spreading. At this time the patient agreed to undergo whole brain radiation therapy, which was carried out. At this date patient has survived 18 months since primary diagnosis with progressive neurological symptoms.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Craniotomia , Melanoma/patologia , Nevo Pigmentado/patologia , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Melanoma/cirurgia , Nevo Pigmentado/cirurgia
15.
Acta Neuropathol Commun ; 8(1): 124, 2020 08 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32758285

RESUMO

Recent updates in the classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors have increased the need for molecular testing. Assessment of multiple alterations in parallel, complex combinations of gene sequence and chromosomal changes, as well as therapy prediction by identification of actionable mutations are the major challenges. We here report on a customized next generation sequencing (NGS)-based DNA panel assay that combines diagnostic and predictive testing and -as a comprehensive approach- allows for simultaneous single nucleotide variant (SNP) / small insertion/deletion (InDel), copy number variation (CNV) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) detection. We analyzed formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) DNA from a total of 104 patients with CNS tumors. After amplicon capture-based library preparation, sequencing was performed on the relatively cost-efficient Illiumina MiniSeq platform and evaluated with freely available bioinformatical tools. 57 genes for exonic SNP/InDel calling (19 of those in intronic regions for CNV analysis), 3 chromosomal arms and 4 entire chromosomes for CNV and LOH analysis were covered. Results were extensively validated. Our approach yielded high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. It led to refined diagnoses in a relevant number of analyzed cases, reliably enabled complex subclassifications (e.g. for medulloblastomas) and identified actionable targets for clinical use. Thus, our single-platform approach is an efficient and powerful tool to comprehensively support molecular testing in neurooncology. Future functionality is guaranteed as novel upcoming biomarkers can be easily incorporated in a modular panel design.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Oncologia/métodos , Neurologia/métodos , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Análise de Sequência de DNA
16.
Lancet Infect Dis ; 20(4): 467-477, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31924550

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In 2018-19, Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), the causative agent of Borna disease in horses, sheep, and other domestic mammals, was reported in five human patients with severe to fatal encephalitis in Germany. However, information on case frequencies, clinical courses, and detailed epidemiological analyses are still lacking. We report the occurrence of BoDV-1-associated encephalitis in cases submitted to the Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany, and provide a detailed description of newly identified cases of BoDV-1-induced encephalitis. METHODS: All brain tissues from 56 encephalitis cases from Bavaria, Germany, of putative viral origin (1999-2019), which had been submitted for virological testing upon request of the attending clinician and stored for stepwise diagnostic procedure, were systematically screened for BoDV-1 RNA. Two additional BoDV-1-positive cases were contributed by other diagnostic centres. Positive results were confirmed by deep sequencing, antigen detection, and determination of BoDV-1-reactive antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical and epidemiological data from infected patients were collected and analysed. FINDINGS: BoDV-1 RNA and bornavirus-reactive antibodies were detected in eight newly analysed encephalitis cases and the first human BoDV-1 isolate was obtained from an unequivocally confirmed human BoDV-1 infection from the endemic area. Six of the eight BoDV-1-positive patients had no record of immunosuppression before the onset of fatal disease, whereas two were immunocompromised after solid organ transplantation. Typical initial symptoms were headache, fever, and confusion, followed by various neurological signs, deep coma, and severe brainstem involvement. Seven of nine patients with fatal encephalitis of unclear cause were BoDV-1 positive within one diagnostic centre. BoDV-1 sequence information and epidemiological analyses indicated independent spillover transmissions most likely from the local wild animal reservoir. INTERPRETATION: BoDV-1 infection has to be considered as a potentially lethal zoonosis in endemic regions with reported spillover infections in horses and sheep. BoDV-1 infection can result in fatal encephalitis in immunocompromised and apparently healthy people. Consequently, all severe encephalitis cases of unclear cause should be tested for bornaviruses especially in endemic regions. FUNDING: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.


Assuntos
Doença de Borna/complicações , Doença de Borna/epidemiologia , Vírus da Doença de Borna/genética , Encefalite/etiologia , Encefalite/patologia , Zoonoses , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doença de Borna/virologia , Encefalite/mortalidade , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Cavalos/genética , Humanos , RNA Viral/genética , Ovinos/genética , Replicação Viral
17.
Glia ; 57(15): 1630-47, 2009 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19373938

RESUMO

Astrocytes play many pivotal roles in the adult brain, including their reaction to injury. A hallmark of astrocytes is the contact of their endfeet with the basement membrane surrounding blood vessels, but still relatively little is known about the signaling mediated at the contact site. Here, we examine the role of beta1-integrin at this interface by its conditional deletion using different Cre lines. Thereby, the protein was reduced only at postnatal stages either in both glia and neurons or specifically only in neurons. Strikingly, only the former resulted in reactive gliosis, with the hallmarks of reactive astrocytes comprising astrocyte hypertrophy and up-regulation of the intermediate filaments GFAP and vimentin as well as pericellular components, such as Tenascin-C and the DSD-1 proteoglycan. In addition, we also observed to a certain degree a non-cell autonomous activation of microglial cells after conditional beta1-integrin deletion. However, these reactive astrocytes did not divide, suggesting that the loss of beta1-integrin-mediated signaling is not sufficient to elicit proliferation of these cells as observed after brain injury. Interestingly, this partial reactive gliosis appeared in the absence of cell death and blood brain barrier disturbances. As these effects did not appear after neuron-specific deletion of beta1-integrin, we conclude that beta1-integrin-mediated signaling in astrocytes is required to promote their acquisition of a mature, nonreactive state. Alterations in beta1-integrin-mediated signaling may hence be implicated in eliciting specific aspects of reactive gliosis after injury.


Assuntos
Astrócitos/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Gliose/genética , Integrina beta1/genética , Animais , Aquaporina 4/metabolismo , Astrócitos/patologia , Astrócitos/ultraestrutura , Membrana Basal/metabolismo , Membrana Basal/ultraestrutura , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/genética , Barreira Hematoencefálica/fisiopatologia , Bromodesoxiuridina/metabolismo , Morte Celular/genética , Proteínas Associadas à Distrofina/metabolismo , Fibronectinas/metabolismo , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida , Laminina/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão/métodos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Prosencéfalo/patologia
18.
Front Neurosci ; 13: 1092, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31680827

RESUMO

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a unique tool for in vivo visualization and tracking of stem cells in the brain. This is of particular importance when assessing safety of experimental cell treatments in the preclinical or clinical setup. Yet, specific imaging requires an efficient and non-perturbing cellular magnetic labeling which precludes adverse effects of the tag, e.g., the impact of iron-oxide-nanoparticles on the critical differentiation and integration processes of the respective stem cell population investigated. In this study we investigated the effects of very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particle (VSOP) labeling on viability, stemness, and neuronal differentiation potential of primary human adult neural stem cells (haNSCs). Cytoplasmic VSOP incorporation massively reduced the transverse relaxation time T2, an important parameter determining MR contrast. Cells retained cytoplasmic label for at least a month, indicating stable incorporation, a necessity for long-term imaging. Using a clinical 3T MRI, 1 × 103 haNSCs were visualized upon injection in a gel phantom, but detection limit was much lower (5 × 104 cells) in layer phantoms and using an imaging protocol feasible in a clinical scenario. Transcriptional analysis and fluorescence immunocytochemistry did not reveal a detrimental impact of VSOP labeling on important parameters of cellular physiology with cellular viability, stemness and neuronal differentiation potential remaining unaffected. This represents a pivotal prerequisite with respect to clinical application of this method.

19.
Brain Pathol ; 17(2): 146-50, 2007 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17388945

RESUMO

About 15% of sporadic gastrointestinal and endometrial tumors show the microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype because of loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) function. The incidence of MSI in tumors of the central nervous system still remains controversial. Previous studies reported a particular high frequency of MSI (approximately 25%) in young patients suffering from high-grade gliomas. Based on these data and the fact that in different tumor entities MMR deficiency defines a subgroup of tumors with distinct pathogenesis and particular clinicopathological features that may have impact on prognosis and therapy, we screened 624 gliomas from 71 young and 553 adult patients for MMR deficiency by MSI analysis using three highly sensitive diagnostic markers. Alterations of MMR protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. A malignant glioma from an adult patient displayed MSI and concomitant loss of nuclear MSH2 and MSH6 protein expression (0.16%; 1/619). No evidence for MSI or loss of MMR protein expression was observed in 71 gliomas from young patients (0%; 0/71) including 41 high-grade astrocytic tumors. Overall, we observed a much lower incidence of MSI among high-grade pediatric gliomas than initially reported and suggest that MMR deficiency does not play a major role in the pathogenesis of glial neoplasms.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Glioma/genética , Instabilidade de Microssatélites , Adulto , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Criança , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Glioma/metabolismo , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
20.
PLoS One ; 10(5): e0127681, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25993409

RESUMO

GABAergic neurons are the primary inhibitory cell type in the mature brain and their dysfunction is associated with important neurological conditions like schizophrenia and anxiety. We aimed to discover the underlying mechanisms for dorsal/ventral midbrain GABAergic neurogenesis. Previous work by us and others has provided crucial insights into the key function of Mgn and Mash1 genes in determining GABAergic neurotransmitter fate. Induction of dorsal midbrain GABAergic neurons does not take place at any time during development in either of the single mutant mice. However, GABAergic neurons in the ventral midbrain remained unchanged. Thus, the similarities in MB-GABAergic phenotype observed in the Mgn and Mash1 single mutants suggest the existence of other factors that take over the function of MGN and MASH1 in the ventral midbrain or the existence of different molecular mechanisms. We show that this process essentially depends on heterodimers and homodimers formed by MGN and MASH1 and deciphered the in vivo relevance of the interaction by phenotypic analysis of Mgn/Mash1 double knockout and compound mice. Furthermore, the combination of gain- and loss-of-function experiments in the developing midbrain showed co-operative roles for Mgn and Mash1 genes in determining GABAergic identity. Transcription factors belonging to the Enhancer-of-split-related and proneural families have long been believed to counterpart each other's function. This work uncovers a synergistic cooperation between these two families, and provides a novel paradigm for how these two families cooperate for the acquisition of MB-GABAergic neuronal identity. Understanding their molecular mechanisms is essential for cell therapy strategies to amend GABAergic deficits.


Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/metabolismo , Neurônios GABAérgicos/metabolismo , Mesencéfalo/citologia , Mesencéfalo/metabolismo , Neurogênese , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Animais , Neurônios GABAérgicos/citologia , Imunoprecipitação , Camundongos , Mutação , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Multimerização Proteica , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Técnicas do Sistema de Duplo-Híbrido
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