Evaluating the agronomic efficiency of alternative phosphorus sources applied in Brazilian tropical soils.

Understanding the efficacy of alternative phosphorus (P) sources in tropical soils is crucial for sustainable farming, addressing resource constraints, mitigating environmental impact, improving crop productivity, and optimizing soil-specific solutions. While the topic holds great importance, current literature falls short in providing thorough, region-specific studies on the effectiveness of alternative P sources in Brazilian tropical soils for maize cultivation. Our aim was to assess the agronomic efficiency of alternative P sources concerning maize crop (Zea mays L.) attributes, including height, shoot dry weight, stem diameter, and nutrient accumulation, across five Brazilian tropical soils. In greenhouse conditions, we carried out a randomized complete block design, investigating two factors (soil type and P sources), evaluating five tropical soils with varying clay contents and three alternative sources of P, as well as a commercial source and a control group. We evaluated maize crop attributes such as height, dry weight biomass, and nutrient accumulation, P availability and agronomic efficiency. Our results showed that, although triple superphosphate (TSP) exhibited greater values than alternative P sources (precipitated phosphorus 1, precipitated phosphorus 2 and reactive phosphate) for maize crop attributes (e.g., height, stem diameter, shoot dry weight and phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur, calcium and magnesium accumulation). For instance, PP1 source increased nutrient accumulation for phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) by 37.05% and 75.98% (P), 34.39% and 72.07% (N), and 41.94% and 72.69% (S) in comparison to PP2 and RP, respectively. Additionally, PP1 substantially increased P availability in soils with high clay contents 15 days after planting (DAP), showing increases of 61.90%, 99.04%, and 38.09% greater than PP2, RP, and TSP. For Ca and Mg accumulation, the highest values were found in the COxisol2 soil when PP2 was applied, Ca = 44.31% and 69.48%; and Mg = 46.23 and 75.79%, greater than PP1 and RP, respectively. Finally, the highest values for relative agronomic efficiency were observed in COxisol2 when PP1 was applied. The precipitated phosphate sources (PP1 and PP2) exhibited a similar behavior to that of the commercial source (TSP), suggesting their potential use to reduce reliance on TSP fertilization, especially in soils with low clay contents. This study emphasized strategies for soil P management, aimed at assisting farmers in enhancing maize crop productivity while simultaneously addressing the effectiveness of alternative P sources of reduced costs.

Nonpharmacological Interventions for Treating Breastfeeding Nipple Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nonpharmacological topical interventions for treating breastfeeding nipple pain. Methods: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing lactating women suffering from breastfeeding painful nipples were included. Primary outcomes were pain, healing process, and adverse events. A comprehensive search was conducted on June 02, 2023, without date or language restrictions. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the certainty of the evidence, the GRADE approach. Results: Nineteen RCTs with unclear to high risk of bias were included. There was uncertain evidence regarding the effects of photobiomodulation versus placebo on pain reduction (mean difference [MD] -0.15; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] -1 0.49 to 1.19; 139 participants, 2 RCTs). There are uncertainties concerning the effects of lanolin versus breast milk on pain (MD -1.80; 95% CI -2.43 to -1.17; 1 RCT; 180 participants), wound healing (MD 0.10; 95% CI -0.26 to -0.46; 1 RCT; 180 participants), and any adverse events (zero events in both groups). Similar effects were observed by the other interventions assessed. Conclusion: The evidence of nonpharmacological topical interventions for painful nipples is imprecise, and future RCTs with higher methodological quality are needed to support recommendations. Considering the accessibility and low cost of these alternative treatments, the findings of this evidence synthesis could support clinical decision-making and guide future research. PROSPERO CRD42020170320.

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) induces changes in IFN-pathway and Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) on the bovine endometrium at Day 18 of pregnancy.

We hypothesized that the hCG modulates the expression of IFNT-pathway and ISGs in bovine endometrium during early pregnancy. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of hCG on IFNT-pathway signals and ISGs expression in endometrial cells. For this, 29 non-lactating cross-bread cows were used in the study and submitted to a 9-day fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol. The day of the AI was considered Day 0 (D0), and five days (D5) after the FTAI, the cows were allocated into two groups: Control and hCG group, when a hCG group received a single dose of 2.500UI of hCG. On day 18 after FTAI (D18) cows were slaughtered and endometrial tissue samples were collected. There was no difference between the embryo recovery rate of the cows in C compared to the hCG. The hCG group increased the accessory corpus luteum formation rate. The hCG resulted in greater serum progesterone concentration in the hCG group compared to the C on Day 14. Only the expression of IFNAR2 and STAT1 were upregulated on pregnant cows of the hCG group compared to the C group. The pathway genes (JAK1, STAT2, and IRF9) were not regulated. The mRNA abundance of ISG15, MX1, MX2, and OAS1 was upregulated in pregnant cows for hCG group, compared to C group. The results show that the administration of hCG, 5 days after AI, in addition to increasing the serum progesterone, modulates the expression of IFNT-pathway and ISGs on bovine endometrium on Day 18 of pregnancy.

Does the atrazine increase animal mortality: Unraveling through a meta-analytic study.

Atrazine is one of the most used herbicides in the world, although it is banned in several countries. Pollution of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems represents a threat to non-target organisms, with various damages already reported in different species. However, there is controversy in studies on atrazine. The question of whether atrazine increases animal mortality is not yet clearly resolved. In this context, this study aimed to carry out a meta-analytic review, focusing on studies on environmental concentrations of the herbicide atrazine to evaluate its lethal effects on various animal species. We identified and analyzed 107 datasets through a selection process that used the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS) databases. A significant increase in the mortality rate of animals exposed to environmental concentrations of atrazine was observed. Nematodes, amphibians, molluscs, insects, and fish showed increased mortality after exposure to atrazine. Animals in the larval and juvenile stages showed greater susceptibility when exposed to different concentrations of atrazine. Furthermore, both commercial and pure formulations resulted in high mortality rates for exposed animals. Atrazine and other pesticides had a synergistic effect, increasing the risk of mortality in animals. There are still many gaps to be filled, and this study can serve as a basis for future regulations involving atrazine.

Meta-analytical review of antioxidant mechanisms responses in animals exposed to herbicide 2,4-D herbicide.

The 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a low-cost herbicide to eradicate broadleaf weeds. Since the development of 2,4-D resistant transgenic crops, it has been described as one of the most widely distributed pollutants in the world, increasing concern about its environmental impacts. This study aimed to elucidate the antioxidant system response in animals exposed to 2,4-D by different routes of exposure. It focused on determining if tissue, phylogenetic group, and herbicide formulation would influence the antioxidant mechanisms. A careful literature search of Scopus, WoS, and Science Direct retrieved 6983, 24,098, and 20,616 articles, respectively. The dataset comprised 390 control-treatment comparisons and included three routes of exposure: transgenerational, oral, and topical. The data set for transgenerational and oral exposure revealed oxidative stress through a decrease in enzymatic activities and the level of molecules of the antioxidant system. In contrast, topical exposure increased the oxidative stress. Tissue-specific analyses revealed that the transgenerational effects reduced hepatic catalase (CAT) activity. Oral exposure caused a variety of effects, including increased CAT activity in the prostate and decreased activity in various tissues. Mammals predominate in the transgenerational and oral groups, showing a significantly reduced activity of the antioxidant system. In contrast, in the topical exposure, an increased activity of oxidative stress biomarkers was observed in fish, earthworms, and mollusks. The effects of the 2,4-D formulation on oxidative stress responses showed significant differences between pure and commercial formulations, with oral exposure resulting in decreased activity and topical exposure increasing responses. In summary, orally exposed animals exhibited a clear decrease in enzyme activities, transgenerational exposure elicited tissue-specific prompted biochemical reductions, and topical exposure induced increased responses, emphasizing the need for unbiased exploration of the effects of 2,4-D on biomarkers of oxidative stress while addressing publication bias in oral and topical datasets.

Análise do nível de conhecimento do cirurgião dentista geral sobre o diagnóstico das diferentes más oclusões / Analysis of the level of knowledge of the general dental surgeon about the diagnosis of different malocclusions

A má oclusão é um dos fatores que influenciam no estado de saúde bucal do paciente. A OMS estima as mal oclusões como o terceiro problema de saúde bucal mais prevalente, após cárie dentária e doenças periodontais, apresentando diversos fatores e podem apresentar como consequência impacto na qualidade de vida dos portadores de tais condições oclusais. O trabalho tem como finalidade avaliar o conhecimento do acadêmico de odontologia e do cirurgião dentista em relação ao conhecimento sobre a mal oclusão e relaciona os tipos de mal oclusões relacionadas a hábitos deletérios dos pacientes e a qualidade de vida. através do método de aplicação de questionário sobre o conhecimento do profissional de odontologia sobre a mal oclusão, voltado para acadêmicos e profissionais formados em odontologia. Para esta pesquisa foi confeccionado um questionário com o auxílio do Google Forms que foi enviado por meio de redes sociais para 892 profissionais e acadêmicos. Foi obtido um índice de retorno de 2,34% (38 respostas) no prazo estipulado. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os profissionais sabem a teoria, porém não conseguem aplicá-la na prática. Sendo assim, os profissionais não aparentam estar aptos o bastante para indicar o tratamento adequado para um paciente com mal oclusão. É de suma importância aumentar o nível de conhecimento de profissionais e acadêmicos de odontologia sobre como reconhecer e diagnosticar a má oclusão tornando-os aptos para encaminhar para o correto tratamento. Reconhecendo a importância do assunto na vida do acadêmico de odontologia e do cirurgião dentista.

Malocclusion is one of the factors that influence the patient's oral health status. The WHO estimates malocclusions as the third most prevalent oral health problem, after dental caries and periodontal diseases, presenting several factors and may impact the quality of life of patients with such occlusal conditions. The objective of this work is to evaluate the knowledge of dental students and dentists in relation to the knowledge about malocclusion and to relate the types of malocclusions related to harmful habits of patients and quality of life. through the method of applying a questionnaire on the knowledge of dental professionals about malocclusion, aimed at academics and professionals trained in dentistry. For this research, a questionnaire was made with the help of Googles Forms that was sent through social networks to 892 professionals and academics. A return rate of 2.34% (38 responses) was obtained within the stipulated period. And the survey results show that professionals know the theory but cannot apply it in practice. Therefore, professionals do not appear to be able enough to indicate the appropriate treatment for a patient with malocclusion. It is extremely important to increase the level of knowledge of dental professionals and academics on how to recognize and diagnose malocclusion, making them able to refer to the correct treatment. Recognizing the importance of the subject in the life of the dental student and the dental surgeon.

Saúde mental no trabalho do Enfermeiro da Atenção Primária de um município no Brasil / Salud mental en trabajo de Enfermera de la Atención Primaria en un municipio en Brasil / Mental health in the work of Nurse the Primary Care of a municipality in Brazil

Introdução: de todos os males vividos pelo homem, a loucura, a doença mental e o sofrimento psíquico e emocional parecem atingir indistintamente pessoas de qualquer nacionalidade, raça, classe social e religião. Contudo, sabe-se que os mais pobres são os que mais padecem pela falta de atenção e cuidado. Objetivou: compreender como se desenvolve a preparação e qual o conhecimento que os enfermeiros que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família de Montes Claros - Minas Gerais apresentam sobre Saúde Mental para atendimento a pacientes com transtornos psíquicos. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, realizada com oito enfermeiros que atuavam na Atenção Primária à Saúde do meio urbano de Montes Claros. Os dados foram coletados no segundo semestre de 2011, por meio de entrevistas, que foram gravadas e, em seguida, transcritas. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada a técnica de análise do conteúdo. Resultados: os entrevistados relataram que se sentiam preparados para lidar com seus pacientes e que conheciam os principais transtornos, mas poucos foram capazes de detalhar esse conhecimento. As capacitações e curso de residência foram citados como preparação, mas a insegurança e tempo disposto para lidar com esses pacientes foram impasses para um bom cuidado. Conclusões: é preciso maior preparação dos enfermeiros na área de saúde mental, a fim de proporcionar atendimento resolutivo aos pacientes que demandas tais cuidados(AU)

Introducción: de todos los males vividos por el hombre, la enfermedad mental y el sufrimento psíquico y emocional parecen alcanzar indistintamente a personas de cualquier nacionalidad, raza, clase social y religión. Se sabe que los más pobres son los que más la padecen por la falta de atención y cuidado. Objetivo: entender cómo se desarrolla la preparación y el conocimiento de las enfermeras de Montes Claros-Minas Gerais, que trabajan en función de la estrategia de salud de la familia sobre la Salud Mental, para atender a los pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos. Métodos: investigación cualitativa y exploratoria con ocho enfermeras de atención primaria de salud de Montes Claros. Los datos fueron recolectados en la segunda mitad del 2011, a través de entrevistas que fueron grabadas y luego transcritas. Para el análisis de datos fue utilizada la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: los encuestados informaron que se sentían preparados para lidiar con sus pacientes y que sabían los principales trastornos, pero pocos fueron capaces de refinar este conocimiento. Los cursos de capacitación y de residencia fueron citados como preparación, pero la inseguridad y el tiempo disponible para tratar con estos pacientes son elementos que atentan contra un buen cuidado. Conclusiones: se necesita más preparación de enfermeras en el área de salud mental, con el fin de brindar la atención que exigen este tipo de pacientes(AU)

Introduction : mental disease and emocional suffering seem to reach indiscriminately people from any nationality, race, social class and religion. The most poor people are who bear it more, because of attention and care absence. Objective: aimed to understand how develops the preparation and the knowledge that nurses working in family health Strategy of Montes Claros-Minas Gerais show on Mental Health for the patients with psychic disorders. Methods: it is exploratory and qualitative research conducted with eight nurses working in primary health care in the urban environment of Montes Claros. The data were collected in the second half of 2011, through interviews, which were taped and then transcribed. For data analysis, was used the technique of content analysis. Results: respondents reported that they felt prepared to deal with their patients and who knew the main disorders, but few were able to drill through this knowledge. The courses and course of residence were cited as preparation, but insecurity and time willing to deal with these patients were dead ends for good care. Conclusions: we need greater preparation of nurses in the mental health area, in order to provide care to patients who resolutive demands such care(AU)

Prevalência de cárie dentária em dois municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, no ano de 2010 / Prevalence of dental caries in two municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in year of 2010

Objetivo: esta pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer a prevalência da cárie dentária e as necessidades de tra-tamento em crianças de cinco e 12 anos de idade nos municípios de Sobradinho e Tavares, RS, no ano de 2010. Materiais e método: para tanto, realizou-se um estudo transversal descritivo, utilizando-se recomenda-ções da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), com dois examinadores previamente calibrados (Kappa de 0,92 interexaminadores; 0,97 para examinador A e 0,92 para examinador B). Foram calculados os índices ceod e CPOD, além do SiC Index para as duas idades e o CPOD para os primeiros molares permanentes. Resul-tados: foram examinadas 115 crianças em Sobradinho e 91 em Tavares. Estavam livres de cárie aos 5 anos 32,4% das crianças de Sobradinho e 45,7% das crian-ças de Tavares. O CPOD foi de 1,05 em Sobradinho e 2,80 em Tavares. O SiC Index para 5 anos foi de 7,23 em Sobradinho e 8,30 em Tavares enquanto que, para 12 anos, 3,27 e 5,64, respectivamente. A necessidade de tratamento predominante nos dois municípios, tanto para 5 anos quanto para 12 anos foi a remineralização. Conclusão: os dois municípios não atingiram as metas da OMS para o ano de 2010 em crianças de 5 anos. No que diz respeito às de 12 anos, o município de Sobradi-nho está bem próximo de alcançar o índice desejado. As necessidades de tratamento foram de baixa complexida-de para os dois municípios. Verificou-se a necessidade de diagnóstico precoce, bem como de ações preventivas coletivas e individuais, voltadas para pré-escolares, uma vez que os primeiros molares permanentes foram res-ponsáveis por uma considerável porcentagem da com-posição do índice CPOD aos 12 anos

Vivências de crianças no ambiente rural: aproximações e distanciamentos na educação infantil / Experiences of children in the rural environment: similarities and differences in children's education

Resumo Apenas recentemente o Brasil consolidou as bases legais para a introdução da problemática ambiental nos currículos de creches e pré-escolas. Decorre desta novidade a ausência de suficientes conhecimentos que fundamentem as práticas educativas nesse nível educacional. O artigo objetiva evidenciar vivências de crianças pré-escolares moradoras em área rural, com destaque para as formas como são significadas e circunscritas pelas características socioambientais dos contextos investigados. A abordagem metodológica foi inspirada na etnografia em contextos escolares. Além da observação das atividades coletivas na escola e de conversas e desenhos com as crianças, foram feitas entrevistas com familiares e equipe escolar. Distanciamentos e aproximações entre as significações destes sujeitos são explorados como forma de trazer as tensões necessárias para a compreensão da temática ambiental na educação infantil.

Abstract Only recently, Brazil has consolidated the legal bases to bring in the environmental issues on the curriculum of the early childhood education. From this newness, accrues an absence of knowledge to base the educational practices. This paper intends to evidence the experiences of preschool children living in rural areas, specially focusing the way that they are signified and circumstanced by socioenvironmental characteristics of the investigated contexts. The methodological approach was inspired by ethnography in school contexts. In addition to the observation of collective activities in school and conversations and drawings with children, interviews were conducted with family members and school staff. Distances and approaches between the meanings of these participants were explored as a way to bring the necessaries tensions to understand the environmental issues in early childhood education.

Melanoma ocular em cães: relato de dois casos / Ocular melanoma in dogs: report of two cases

Os melanomas normalmente são neoplasias cutâneas, mas podem ocorrer sempre que agrupamentos de melanócitos são encontrados. Estes tumores possuem duas categorias: melanoma benigno, referido como melanocitoma, e melanoma maligno. O local mais comum da sua ocorrência no cão é a cavidade oral, mas dentre as neoplasias oculares representam a mais comum neoplasia ocular primária nesta espécie. Quanto a sua localização podem ocorrer na conjuntiva, limbo (tecidos epibulbares), úvea anterior, coróide e nos anexos oculares. A localização anatômica destas neoplasias é de grande importância para a determinação do protocolo terapêutico mais adequado e consequentemente do seu prognóstico.(AU)

Melanomas are usually skin cancers, but may occur when clusters of melanocytes are found. These tumors have two classes: benign melanoma, referred to as melanocytoma, and malignant melanoma. The most common site of its occurrence is in the dogs mouth, but among ocular tumors represent the most common primary eye cancer in this species. Their location could be in the conjunctiva, limbus (epibulbar tissues), anterior uvea, choroid and eye annexes. The anatomical location of these neoplasms is of great importance to determine the most appropriate treatment protocol and therefore their prognosis.(AU)

Melanoma ocular em cães: relato de dois casos / Ocular melanoma in dogs: report of two cases

Os melanomas normalmente são neoplasias cutâneas, mas podem ocorrer sempre que agrupamentos de melanócitos são encontrados. Estes tumores possuem duas categorias: melanoma benigno, referido como melanocitoma, e melanoma maligno. O local mais comum da sua ocorrência no cão é a cavidade oral, mas dentre as neoplasias oculares representam a mais comum neoplasia ocular primária nesta espécie. Quanto a sua localização podem ocorrer na conjuntiva, limbo (tecidos epibulbares), úvea anterior, coróide e nos anexos oculares. A localização anatômica destas neoplasias é de grande importância para a determinação do protocolo terapêutico mais adequado e consequentemente do seu prognóstico.

Melanomas are usually skin cancers, but may occur when clusters of melanocytes are found. These tumors have two classes: benign melanoma, referred to as melanocytoma, and malignant melanoma. The most common site of its occurrence is in the dogs mouth, but among ocular tumors represent the most common primary eye cancer in this species. Their location could be in the conjunctiva, limbus (epibulbar tissues), anterior uvea, choroid and eye annexes. The anatomical location of these neoplasms is of great importance to determine the most appropriate treatment protocol and therefore their prognosis.

Avaliação hematológica e histopatológica de camundongos BALB/c e C57BL/6 expostos aos antígenos recombinantes Cytoplasmic Repetitive Antigen e Flagellar Repetitive Antigen de Trypanosoma cruzi / Hematological and histopathological evaluation of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice exposed to Cytoplasmic Repetitive Antigen and Flagellar Repetitive Antigen recombinant antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi

Os antígenos recombinantes Cytoplasmic Repetitive Antigen e Flagellar Repetitive Antigen de Trypanosoma cruzi foram inoculados em camundongos BALB/c e C57BL/6 e o seu efeito avaliado a nível hematológico e histopatológico. Os resultados mostraram que o padrão histológico normal dos órgãos e o perfil hematológico dos camundongos não foram modificados sugerindo que esses antígenos não parecem causar dano ao animal.