Exploring the potential of bovine colostrum as a bioactive agent in human tissue regeneration: A comprehensive analysis of mechanisms of action and challenges to be overcome.

The study examines bovine colostrum as a potent source of bioactive compounds, particularly growth factors, for tissue regeneration in humans. While previous research has hinted at therapeutic benefits, a comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms remains elusive, necessitating further investigation. This review analyzes nine selected scientific articles on bovine colostrum's bioactive potential in tissue regeneration. In vitro studies highlight its positive impact on cell behavior, including reduced proliferation and induced differentiation. Notably, optimal concentrations and specific colostrum components, such as extracellular vesicles and insoluble milk fat, show more favorable outcomes. In vivo studies underscore bovine colostrum as a promising natural resource for wound healing, despite some studies failing to identify associated benefits. Further research is crucial to unravel the intricate mechanisms, grasp the full potential in regenerative medicine, and develop more effective wound healing therapies. This refined understanding will pave the way for harnessing the complete regenerative potential of bovine colostrum in clinical applications.

Ovicidal in vitro activity of the fixed oil of Helianthus annus L. and the essential oil of Cuminum cyminum L. against Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758).

The fascioliasis is a parasitic disease of importance in veterinary medicine and public health. For this parasitosis, the treatment by synthetic fasciolicides is used and due to their intense use although they have been shown less effective because of the establishment of resistant Fasciola hepatica population to these drugs, with a global concern. The use of derived products of plants with biological activity has been shown promising in the control of parasites. In this context, we evaluated the chemical composition and action of ovicidal in vitro fixed oil of Helianthus annuus L. (FOH) and essential oil of Cuminum cyminum L. (EOC), as well as their combination (FOH + EOC) of F. hepatica. In the assay in vitro of F. hepatica were submitted to different concentrations of oils, such as FOH (2.3 mg/mL + 0,017 mg/mL); EOC (2.07 mg/mL + 0,004 mg/mL) and the combination of (1.15 mg/mL + 1.03 mg/mL to 0,0085 mg/mL + 0,008 mg/mL) as well as a positive control of thiabendazole (0.025 mg/mL) and a negative control with distilled water and tween. The identification of the majority chemical compounds was performed by gas chromatography. The -cell viability of the oils was tested in MDBK cellular line by the MTT method. The majority compounds in the FOH were the linoleic (53.6%) and oleic (35.85%) unsaturated fatty acids, and the majority phytochemicals compounds in the EOC were the Cumaldehyde (26.8%) and the 2-Caren 10-al (22.17%). The EOC and the combination presented effectiveness of 99% (±1) and of 94% (±1) in the concentration of 0.03 mg/mL and 0.035 mg/mL+0.03 mg/mL, respectively, and the FOH was insufficiently active as ovicidal. The cell viability at this concentration of EOC was 93%. From the results above we could infer that the EOC is promising as a new alternative for the fascioliasis control.

Ovicidal in vitro activity of 2-aryl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)thiazolidin-4-ones and 2-aryl-3-(3-morpholinopropyl)thiazolidin-4-ones against Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758).

Although there is a variety of biological activity reports regarding compounds derived from thiazolidin-4-ones, no data related to ovicidal activity against trematodes, particularly Fasciola hepatica are available. Since there are reports about anthelmintic resistance in F. hepatica, new drugs are required. Thus, this study evaluated ovicidal action in vitro against F. hepatica eggs in two systematic series of thiazolidin-4-ones: 2-aryl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)thiazolidin-4-ones (1a-h) and 2-aryl-3-(3-morpholinopropyl)thiazolidin-4-ones (2a-h) at different concentrations (20, 2, 0.2, 0.02 and 0.002 µg/ml). The egg hatch assay (EHA) was used to evaluate the ovicidal action property of such compounds. In addition, potential negative effects of the compounds on metabolic activity of bovine kidney (MDBK) cells were evaluated by determining mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. The eggs used in the EHA were obtained from parasites removed from the liver of cattle, which were discarded by slaugh after sanitary inspection. The results of EHA showed that compounds 2a-h exhibited ovicidal activity, especially compounds 2b which showed 90% ovicidal activity and viability of 93% MDBK cells at the concentration of 2 µg/ml; and 2e with 96-99% ovicidal activity at 0.2 µg/ml, 0.02 µg/ml and 0.002 µg/ml. The results show the potential of compound 2b to continue the studies in the production of new compounds with anthelmintic action.

Isolation of dermatophytes in wild felids from screening centers.

The aim of this study was detect the presence of dermatophyte fungi on wild felids from screening centers. Samples were taken from 30 animals, assembled in two groups: "free-ranging" and "transitory captivity". The dermatophytes (Trichophyton genus), isolated from two felids (6.6%), both of the group "free-ranging".

Dihydropyrimidinones Against Multiresistant Bacteria.

The increase in bacterial resistance to antimicrobials has led to high morbidity and mortality rates, posing a major public health problem, requiring the discovery of novel antimicrobial substances. The biological samples were identified as the Gram-negative bacilli Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morgannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens and the Gram-positive cocci Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus aureus, all of them resistant to at least three classes of antimicrobials. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was checked in vitro by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by the broth microdilution method and plating in brain heart infusion (BHI) agar, respectively. The chemical characterization of the compounds was performed by measuring the melting point and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on a Shimadzu GC-MS-QP system 2010SE. Synthetic compounds showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive cocci at MIC concentrations 0.16-80 µg/ml and Gram-negative bacilli at MIC concentrations 23.2-80 µg/ml. Enterococcus faecium and S. aureus had the best MIC values. The results of the cytotoxicity test indicated that the synthetic compounds showed no significant difference in three concentrations tested (5, 20, and 80 µg/ml), allowing cell viability not different from that assigned to the control, without the tested compounds. In this context, the development of DHPM derivatives brings an alternative and perspective on effectiveness of drugs as potential future antimicrobial agents.

Occurrence, isolation and differentiation of Candida spp. and prevalence of variables associated to chronic atrophic candidiasis.

The purpose of this study was to survey the frequency of Candida spp. in patients with chronic atrophic candidiasis (CAC), to differentiate Candida species and to assess the prevalence of certain infection-associated variables to this disease. Patients with CAC and wearing partial or complete dentures were recruited. Data were obtained by means of a questionnaire with details involving identification of the subject, demographic characteristics, behaviour and medical history, clinical and mycological evaluation and identification of yeast. The sample collection was carried out in the palate or palate and tongue of the subjects using sterilised swabs. Data were submitted to statistical analyses using Fischer's test. Forty-three (53%) cases of CAC showed the presence of Candida albicans. Females (75.2%) wearing complete dentures (60.1%) for more than 10 years (58%) were risk factors to CAC development. It could be concluded that: (a) the results did not confirm a significant difference among patients with CAC concerning the presence or absence of Candida spp.; (b) the occurrence of Candida was negatively related to important factors associated to this opportunistic infection; and (c) mycological findings did not indicate that the variables investigated have a significant effect on oral infections by C. albicans or other Candida species.

Fungal ovicidal activity on Toxocara canis eggs.

BACKGROUND: Visceral toxocariasis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Toxocara canis. The prevalence of this parasite in dogs, soil contamination and the resistance of eggs increase human exposure to the disease. Moreover, the difficulties of the control measures justify the need for alternative ones. AIMS: The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal activity of fungi isolated from soils from public places in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on Toxocara canis. METHODS: Samples of soil from ten localities were inoculated onto Petri dishes with 2% water-agar (WA) that contained antibiotics, and incubated at 25°C/21 days. Isolated fungi were tested in vitro for ovicidal activity, with five replicates. One mL of an embryonated Toxocara canis egg suspension (10(3) eggs) was poured over the fungal cultures after 10 days of growth. At intervals of 7, 14 and 21 days, 100 eggs were removed from each plaque and evaluated by optical microscopy. RESULTS: Acremonium, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Mucor and Trichoderma were isolated from the soil. A significant ovicidal type 3 effect was observed in Trichoderma, Fusarium solani complex and Acremonium. Those isolates from the genus Trichoderma showed their ovicidal effect on the 14th day of fungus-egg interaction. The other fungal genera tested showed a type 2 effect. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the use of Trichoderma and Fusarium solani complex in biological control of T. canis is promising; however, further studies should be performed.

Isolation of dermatophytes in wild felids from screening centers

The aim of this study was detect the presence of dermatophyte fungi on wild felids from screening centers. Samples were taken from 30 animals, assembled in two groups: "free-ranging" and "transitory captivity". The dermatophytes (Trichophyton genus), isolated from two felids (6.6%), both of the group "free-ranging".

Isolation of dermatophytes in wild felids from screening centers

The aim of this study was detect the presence of dermatophyte fungi on wild felids from screening centers. Samples were taken from 30 animals, assembled in two groups: "free-ranging" and "transitory captivity". The dermatophytes (Trichophyton genus), isolated from two felids (6.6%), both of the group "free-ranging".

In vitro study on the antimicrobial effect of hydroalcoholic extracts from Mentha arvensis L. (Lamiaceae) against oral pathogens - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v34i4.8959

In vitro tests could be a valuable tool for the evaluation of medicinal plants antimicrobial activity. Mentha arvensis of the Lamiaceae family is one of the most frequently traditional plants used in Brazil. Hydroalcoholic extracts of M. arvensis were analyzed for antimicrobial activity on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Candida albicans. Three different assays (agar diffusion, broth macro- and micro-dilution methods) were used to evaluate antimicrobial activity. Although hydroalcoholic extracts of M. arvensis did not show any antibacterial effect, its antifungal activity against C. albicans was revealed. According to the micro-dilution broth assay, MIC of the hydroalcoholic extract from leaves of M. arvensis on Candida albicans strains ranged between 625 and 2500 mg mL-1. Results suggest that M. arvensis hydroalcoholic extract may be considered a potentially antifungal agent against C. albicans, and a possible item for human antibiotic therapy.  However, further biological tests on the plants efficacy and side-effects are necessary before its use on humans.

Microbiological analysis of doces de leite commercialized in free markets from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i2.676 / Análise microbiológica de doces de leite vendidos em feiras livres de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i2.676

The consumption of homemade doce de leite, which is sold in street markets, is very common in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Generally, these products are not manufactured according to good hygiene guidelines, and may be a risk to consumers health. The aim of the present study was to analyze microbiologically samples of doce de leite commercialized in street markets in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, according to the present legislation of Brazils National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), and thus verify the sanitary conditions of this product. Samples of doce de leite were randomly acquired from street markets in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Among the 12 street markets registered in the Pelotas City Council, doce de leite samples were found in only five. The microbiological analyses were carried out according to document RDC n 12 (Jan. 12, 2001) from Brazils National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa). Based on the methodologies employed, no microbial pathogen isolates were detected in the investigated samples of doce de leite. According to the criteria established by document RDC n 12, it was concluded that none of the doce de leite samples revealed pathogenic bacterial contamination.

O consumo de doce de leite caseiro, vendido em feiras livres, é comum no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Geralmente, estes produtos não são fabricados em acordo com as boas normas de fabricação e podem constituir perigo à saúde do consumidor. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar, microbiologicamente, amostras de doce de leite comercializado nas feiras livres da cidade de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, conforme legislação em vigor da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária Anvisa, e, dessa forma, verificar as condições sanitárias do produto em questão. Foram adquiridas, aleatoriamente, amostras de doce de leite de feiras livres existentes na cidade de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Das 12 feiras cadastradas na prefeitura de Pelotas, em apenas cinco foram encontradas amostras de doce de leite. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas conforme metodologias preconizadas pela Resolução RDC n 12 de 2 de janeiro de 2001 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária Anvisa. Com base nas metodologias empregadas, não se obteve isolamento de microrganismos patogênicos nas amostras de doce de leite pesquisadas. De acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelo documento RDC no 12 da Anvisa, concluiu-se que nenhuma das amostras de doce de leite revelou contaminação bacteriana patogênica.

CLSI broth microdilution method for testing susceptibility of Malasseziapachydermatis to thiabendazole

Thiabendazole, classified as antiparasitic and also used as an antifungal drug, can be found as otological solution indicated for treatment of parasitic and fungal external otitis in small animals. Malassezia pachydermatis is a yeast recognized as a normal inhabitant on the skin and mucous membranes of dogs and cats. However, it is considered an opportunistic agent that causes external otitis and dermatitis in these animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of thiabendazole against 51 isolates of M. pachydermatis using the CLSI Broth Microdilution method that has been adapted for this yeast species (NCCLS, 2002). Based on this test, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of thiabendazol was calculated. Subsequently, the susceptibility of each isolate against this antifungal was determined. It was observed that the MIC of thiabendazole against M. pachydermatis ranged from 0.03 to > 4 g/mL. A total of 13.7% of the isolates were found to be resistant, 47.1% were intermediate and 39.2% were sensitive to the drug. The rate of resistance of the yeasts against thiabendazole was similar to the results previously obtained with other antifungals, while the adapted broth microdilution technique used in this study proved to be efficient.

Tiabendazol, um fármaco classificado como antiparasitário e também usado como antifúngico, pode ser encontrado como solução otologica indicada no tratamento da otite externa parasitária e fungica em pequenos animais. Malassezia pachydermatis é uma levedura considerada habitante normal da pele e das mucosas de cães e gatos. Entretanto, considera-se um agente do oportunista causador de otite externa e dermatite nestes animais. A finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito in vitro do tiabendazol frente a 51 amostras de M. pachydermatis através do método CLSI de Microdiluição em Caldo adaptado para esta espécie de levedura (NCCLS, 2002). Baseado neste teste calculou-se as Concentrações Inibitórias Mínimas (CIM) do tiabendazol e, subseqüentemente, foi detectada a suscetibilidade de cada amostra frente a este antifungico. Observou-se que a CIM do tiabendazol frente a M. pachydermatis variou de 0,03 a > 4 g/mL. Estas amostras foram classificadas em resistente (13,7%), sensibilidade intermediária (47,1%) e sensível (39,2%). A resistência da levedura frente ao tiabendazol mostrou similaridade com resultados anteriormente observados com outros antifúngicos e a adaptação da técnica de Microdiluição em Caldo utilizada mostrou-se eficiente.

Scientific report:feline sporotrichosis case reports / Esporotricose felina: relato de casos

the domestic feline with sporotrichosis represents an important role in the transmission of the S. schenckii schenckii to other animal species and for the man being growing the increase of the number of zoonotic cases of the mycosis. the study reports three cases of feline sporo-trichosis in semi-domiciled cats, living together in the same neighborhood. the feline presented cutaneous ulcerated and crusted injuries being accomplished the confirmation of the diagnosis after the analysis micológica with the isolation of S. schenckii. the study emphasizes the importance of the domestic feline as diffuser of the sporotrichosis for other animals and for the man itself.KEY-WORDS: feline, sporotrichosis, zoonosis, Sporothrix schenckii.

o felino doméstico com esporotricose representa um papel importante na transmissão do S. schenckii a ou-tros animais e para o homem sendo crescente o aumento do número de casos zoonóticos da micose. o estudo des-creve três casos de esporotricose em gatos semidomicilia-dos, convivendo no mesmo bairro. os felinos apresenta-ram lesões cutâneas ulceradas e crostosas, sendo realizada a confirmação do diagnóstico após a análise micológica com o isolamento do S. schenckii. o estudo ressalta a im-portância dos felinos domésticos como propagadores da esporotricose para animais e para o homem.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Esporotricose, zoonose, felino, Sporothrix schenckii.

Isolation of Sporothrix schenkii from the nails of healthy cats

Many cases of sporotrichosis in cats were diagnosed in the town of Rio Grande, RS, Brazil, caused mainly by inoculation due to scratches. In this work, we evaluated the frequency of Sporothrix schenckii in the nails of healthy cats living together with cats showing clinical sporotrichosis. The isolation of the fungus was carried out pressing unwashed nails of the forelimbs of 24 cats (48 paws) directly onto the surface of Mycobiotic Agar in Petri dishes. S. schenckii was isolated from seven (29.1%) cats. The procedure for isolation of the fungus was simpler than methods that require sedation and cuts of the nails.

Um número elevado de casos de esporotricose em gatos foi diagnosticado na cidade de Rio Grande/RS/Brasil, e na maioria dos animais, a doença ocorreu após inoculação do fungo a partir de arranhões. Nesse estudo, avaliou-se a freqüência de Sporothrix schenckii nas unhas de gatos saudáveis que conviviam com gatos com esporotricose. O isolamento do fungo foi realizado a partir da impressão das unhas dos membros torácico direito e esquerdo, de 24 gatos (48 patas), diretamente em placas de Petri com Agar Mycobiotic sem lavagem prévia das unhas. S. schenckii foi isolado de sete gatos (29,1%). O procedimento adotado para o isolamento do fungo foi mais simples que os procedimentos que requerem sedação e corte das unhas do animal.

Malassezia pachydermatis no tegumento cutâneo e meato acústico externo de felinos hígidos, otopatas e dermopatas, no município de Pelotas, RS, Brasil

Malassezia pachydermatis  é uma levedura integrante da microbiota cutânea de diversas espécies animais, podendo ser o agente causador de otite externa e dermatite. Recentes trabalhos descreveram o isolamento de espécies lipodependentes em cães e gatos, porém estudos sobre a importância das demais espécies do gênero em pequenos animais, especialmente nos felinos, são escassos. Com o objetivo de analisar a freqüência do gênero no tegumento cutâneo (TC) e meato acústico externo (MAE) de felinos, foram colhidas 228 amostras de material, sendo 152 provenientes do meato acústico externo (hígido ou otopata) e 76 de tegumento cutâneo (hígido ou dermatopata). Todas as amostras colhidas do MAE foram submetidas a exame direto e assim como as amostras de TC foram semeadas em placas de Petri contendo os meios de cultura ágar Dixon modificado e ágar Sabouraud dextrose com cicloheximida e cloranfenicol. Malassezia pachydermatis foi a única espécie fúngica encontrada no meato acústico externo, sendo mais comum em felinos machos que em fêmeas (machos 56,25%, fêmeas 28,41%; p

Isolation of Candida spp from vaginal microbiota of healthy canine females during estrous cycle

Yeasts are commensal organisms found in the skin, genital and gastrointestinal tracts, and other mucosa in mammalians. Candida spp has been frequently isolated from domestic and sylvan animals. Yeast isolation from vaginal mucus is frequent in women, especially of Candida genus. In canine females, however, studies about vaginal fungal microbiota are rare and the connection with estrous cycle is unknown. The purpose of this study was to isolate yeast 5 of Candida genus from healthy canine females and identify the isolated species, establishing their connection with estrous cycle phases. Two hundred twenty-four samples taken from vaginal mucus of 14 canine females were analyzed in this study. Candida spp was observed in 83 (37%) from these samples; nine samples were taken in proestrus, 14 in oestrus, 31 in dioestrus, 24 in anoestrus and five samples were obtained during pregnancy. Candida parapsilosis the most frequently isolated specie (21.7%), followed by C. guillermondii (8.4%), C. kefir (6%) and C. albicans (4.8%). We concluded that Candida spp is a commion component of healthy canine females' vaginal microbiota, and isolation varies according to the estrous cycle phase.

As leveduras são organismos comensais da pele, trato genital e gastrointestinal, e de outras mucosas de mamíferos. O gênero Candida vem sendo isolado freqüentemente de animais domésticos e silvestres. O isolamento de Candida spp da mucosa vaginal de mulheres é freqüente, porém na espécie canina são escassos os estudos referentes à microbiota fúngica vaginal, especialmente do gênero candida, não se tendo conhecimento de sua relação com o ciclo reprodutivo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo isolar leveduras do gênero Candida em fêmeas caninas hígidas e identificar as espécies isoladas, relacionando-as com as diferentes fases do ciclo estral. Foram analisadas 224 amostras obtidas da mucosa vaginal de 14 fêmeas caninas. Candida spp foi observada em 83 (37%) amostras, destas, nove (42,9%) foram obtidas no proestro, 14 (43,8%) no estro, 31 (62%) no diestro, 24 (21,1%) no anestro e cinco (71,4%) de gestantes. Nas amostras caracterizadas, C. parapsilosis foi a espécie isolada com maior freqüência (21,7%), seguida de C. guillermondii (8,4%), C. kefir (6%) e C. albicans (4,8%). Com base neste estudo pode-se concluir que Candida spp faz parte da microbiota vaginal de fêmeas caninas hígidas, e que o isolamento é influenciado pelo ciclo reprodutivo.

Drogas antifúngicas para pequenos e grandes animais

The antifungal drugs are classified in classic and current chemical agents and in antibiotics. The chemists classic agents are those medicines that present in a general way reduced action spectrum against fungi, having a fungistatic effect in an indirect way when modifying the local conditions, as for instance the iodine, acids fat and derived, acid salicilic, tolnaftate and tolciclate. The current chemical agents are represented by imidazole and triazole, flucytosine and allylamines and the antibiotics represented by the polyene (amphotericin B, nystatin and natamycin) and the griseofulvin. The discretion of each antifungal drug will be presented in the work.

As drogas antifúngicas são classificadas em agentes químicos clássicos e atuais e em antibióticos. Os agentes químicos clássicos são aqueles medicamentos que apresentam de maneira geral espectro de ação reduzido contra fungos, atuando como fungistático de modo indireto ao modificar as condições locais, como por exemplo o iodo, os ácidos graxos e derivados, ácido salicílico, tolnaftato e tolciclato. Os agentes químicos atuais são representados pelos imidazóis e triazóis, flucitosina e alilaminas e os antibióticos representados pelos poliênicos (anfotericina B, nistatina e natamicina) e a griseofulvina. A descrição de cada antifúngico considerado será apresentada no trabalho.

DROGAS ANTIFÚNGICAS PARA PEQUENOS E GRANDES ANIMAIS

The antifungal drugs are classified in classic and current chemical agents and in antibiotics. The chemists classic agents are those medicines that present in a general way reduced action spectrum against fungi, having a fungistatic effect in an indirect way when modifying the local conditions, as for instance the iodine, acids fat and derived, acid salicilic, tolnaftate and tolciclate. The current chemical agents are represented by imidazole and triazole, flucytosine and allylamines and the antibiotics represented by the polyene (amphotericin B, nystatin and natamycin) and the griseofulvin. The discretion of each antifungal drug will be presented in the work.

As drogas antifúngicas são classificadas em agentes químicos clássicos e atuais e em antibióticos. Os agentes químicos clássicos são aqueles medicamentos que apresentam de maneira geral espectro de ação reduzido contra fungos, atuando como fungistático de modo indireto ao modificar as condições locais, como por exemplo o iodo, os ácidos graxos e derivados, ácido salicílico, tolnaftato e tolciclato. Os agentes químicos atuais são representados pelos imidazóis e triazóis, flucitosina e alilaminas e os antibióticos representados pelos poliênicos (anfotericina B, nistatina e natamicina) e a griseofulvina. A descrição de cada antifúngico considerado será apresentada no trabalho.

Avaliação da sensibilidade in vitro de Pseudomonas aeruginosa frente ao ácido bórico e ácido acético

Os ácidos bórico e acético são dois anti-sépticos de uso humano e animal que foram avaliados e comparados, no presentetrabalho, quanto às suas atividades frente a três isolados de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, provenientes de otite externa canina,através de duas técnicas in vitro de antibiograma, pour plate e ágar difusão. O ácido bórico demonstrou ter maior atividadecontra P. aeruginosa.

Microbiological analysis of doces de leite commercialized in free markets from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i2.676 / Análise microbiológica de doces de leite vendidos em feiras livres de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i2.676

The consumption of homemade doce de leite, which is sold in street markets, is very common in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Generally, these products are not manufactured according to good hygiene guidelines, and may be a risk to consumers health. The aim of the present study was to analyze microbiologically samples of doce de leite commercialized in street markets in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, according to the present legislation of Brazils National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), and thus verify the sanitary conditions of this product. Samples of doce de leite were randomly acquired from street markets in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Among the 12 street markets registered in the Pelotas City Council, doce de leite samples were found in only five. The microbiological analyses were carried out according to document RDC n 12 (Jan. 12, 2001) from Brazils National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa). Based on the methodologies employed, no microbial pathogen isolates were detected in the investigated samples of doce de leite. According to the criteria established by document RDC n 12, it was concluded that none of the doce de leite samples revealed pathogenic bacterial contamination.

O consumo de doce de leite caseiro, vendido em feiras livres, é comum no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Geralmente, estes produtos não são fabricados em acordo com as boas normas de fabricação e podem constituir perigo à saúde do consumidor. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar, microbiologicamente, amostras de doce de leite comercializado nas feiras livres da cidade de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, conforme legislação em vigor da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária Anvisa, e, dessa forma, verificar as condições sanitárias do produto em questão. Foram adquiridas, aleatoriamente, amostras de doce de leite de feiras livres existentes na cidade de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Das 12 feiras cadastradas na prefeitura de Pelotas, em apenas cinco foram encontradas amostras de doce de leite. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas conforme metodologias preconizadas pela Resolução RDC n 12 de 2 de janeiro de 2001 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária Anvisa. Com base nas metodologias empregadas, não se obteve isolamento de microrganismos patogênicos nas amostras de doce de leite pesquisadas. De acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelo documento RDC no 12 da Anvisa, concluiu-se que nenhuma das amostras de doce de leite revelou contaminação bacteriana patogênica.