Facile one-pot synthesis of lithium metal nanoparticles for superior lithium-ion anode applications.

A capable one-step method, femtosecond laser ablation of solids in liquids, was successfully applied to prepare lithium metal nanoparticles to mitigate the initial capacity loss and improve the electrochemical performance of a graphite-based electrode as a Li-host anode. Remarkably, according to the physicochemical characterization, this advanced optical method allowed to obtain uniform spheroidal and crystalline Li nanoparticles with an average particle size <20 nm. These novel ultrafine Li nanoparticles significantly decrease the initial capacity loss of a graphite-based anode, leading to reach high coulombic efficiency (>99 %), good specific charge capacity (322 mAh/g), and superior capacity retention (96 %) at an applied current density of 100 mA g-1 after 200 cycles.

[Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, adult and pediatric population. A narrative review]. / Monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial en adultos y población pediátrica. Una revisión narrativa.

Hypertension has become a central risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, underscoring the importance of its accurate diagnosis. Numerous studies have established a close relationship between elevated systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and an increased risk of cardiovascular event (CVE). Traditionally, blood pressure (BP) measurements performed in clinical settings have been the main method for diagnosing and assessing hypertension. However, in recent years, it has been recognized that BP measurements obtained outside the clinical setting, using self-monitoring blood pressure (SMBP) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), offer a more realistic perspective of patients' daily lives and therefore provide more reliable results. Given the evolution of medical devices, diagnostic criteria, and the increasing relevance of certain components of ABPM in the prediction of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, a comprehensive update that is practical for daily clinical practice is required. The main objective of this article is to provide an updated review of ABPM, focusing on its importance in the evaluation of hypertension and its impact on public health in Colombia. In addition, it will discuss the implications of changes in diagnostic thresholds and provide concrete recommendations for the effective implementation of ABPM in clinical practice, allowing health professionals to make informed decisions and improve the care of their patients.

Profiles of mathematical deficits in children with dyslexia.

Despite a high rate of concurrent mathematical difficulties among children with dyslexia, we still have limited information regarding the prevalence and severity of mathematical deficits in this population. To address this gap, we developed a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests, known as the UCSF Mathematical Cognition Battery (MCB), with the aim of identifying deficits in four distinct mathematical domains: number processing, arithmetical procedures, arithmetic facts retrieval, and geometrical abilities. The mathematical abilities of a cohort of 75 children referred to the UCSF Dyslexia Center with a diagnosis of dyslexia, along with 18 typically developing controls aged 7 to 16, were initially evaluated using a behavioral neurology approach. A team of professional clinicians classified the 75 children with dyslexia into five groups, based on parents' and teachers' reported symptoms and clinical history. These groups included children with no mathematical deficits and children with mathematical deficits in number processing, arithmetical procedures, arithmetic facts retrieval, or geometrical abilities. Subsequently, the children underwent evaluation using the MCB to determine concordance with the clinicians' impressions. Additionally, neuropsychological and cognitive standardized tests were administered. Our study reveals that within a cohort of children with dyslexia, 66% exhibit mathematical deficits, and among those with mathematical deficits, there is heterogeneity in the nature of these deficits. If these findings are confirmed in larger samples, they can potentially pave the way for new diagnostic approaches, consistent subtype classification, and, ultimately personalized interventions.

Prefrontal symptomatology in People with Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis: Clinical Utility and Psychometric Properties of Prefrontal Symptoms Inventory (PSI)

The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a multisystemic disorder. It is considered a neuromuscular disease but also involves cognitive (executive functions, social cognition, attention, memory and language), emotional or behavior changes in over 50% of the reported cases and to of frontotemporal diagnosis lobar degeneration of behavioral variant in up to 15% of the cases. For this reason, the presence of cognitive and motivational problems was analysed in a Spanish sample of ALS patients through the prefrontal symptoms inventory (PSI) to determine applicability in this disease STI. A sample of 31 patients with a potential ALS or definitive diagnostic criteria according to El Escorial was used. Obtained results ISP were compared with a sample of 31 healthy people in the same proportions of gender, age and education level. Obtained results showed a not significant difference between the two populations in the motivational factor problems, related to the depression symptomatology frequently associated with ALS. A significant positive correlation between age at diagnosis and the scale of the motivational problems was observed, with a not significant trend related to problems in the executive control and in social the behavior control and with the age at diagnosis, in the same sense with age at diagnosis. Therefore, it can be concluded that, despite the results obtained, emotional and behavioral deficits in ALS patients and symptoms related to frontotemporal dementia (among others, anosognosia or lack of consciousness symptoms) could have interfered in patient perception about their symptomatology

Gangrena de Fournier. Caso clínico y revisión de literatura / No disponible

La gangrena de Fournier es una condición grave que se presenta mayormente en varones a raíz de lesiones infecciosas perineales y en pacientes con factores de riesgo predisponentes. Los gérmenes implicados son bacilos gram negativos, cocos gram positivos y anaerobios, comensales de la zona perineal. El diagnóstico es clínico, encontrando desde lesiones eritematosas hasta necrosis junto con crepitación, y se confirma con pruebas de imagen, principalmente TC que es la prueba de referencia y nos muestra la extensión de la lesión. El pronóstico de supervivencia se calcula con el índice de severidad de la gangrena de Fournier que incluye parámetros analíticos y funcionales. El manejo consiste en tratamiento médico con antibióticos y desbridamiento quirúrgico urgente de las lesiones necróticas. Luego de la fase aguda se puede realizar cirugía reconstructiva de las zonas desbridadas con posterior rehabilitación para recuperación de la función. Entre otras opciones terapéuticas encontramos el cierre asistido por vacío, la aplicación de miel y la oxigenoterapia hiperbárica (AU)

Fournier's gangrene is a serious condition that occurs mostly in males following perineal infectious lesions and in patients with predisposing risk factors. Germs involved are gramnegative bacilli, positive cocci and anaerobes, located on perineum. The diagnosis is clinical, from erythematous lesions to necrosis with crepitus. Diagnosis is confirmed mainly with CT and shows the extent of the injury. The prognosis for survival is calculated using the Severity Index Fournier's gangrene which includes analytical and functional parameters. Management is medical treatment with antibiotics that requires emergency surgical debridement of necrotic lesions. After the acute phase can be performed reconstructive surgery of debrided areas with subsequent rehabilitation for functional recovery. Other therapeutic options are the vacuum-assisted closure, application of honey and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (AU)

Nuevo enfoque de la uretroplastia en estenosis corta de uretra bulbar / New approach to urethroplasty in bulbar urethral stricture

La uretroplastia termino-terminal es el tratamiento habitual en las estenosis cortas de la uretra bulbar. Esta técnica lleva implícita, en la mayoría de casos, la sección de las arterias bulbares que dan suministro de sangre al cuerpo esponjoso y uretra bulbomembranosa. La técnica de uretroplastia dorsal bulbar sin resección del pedículo bulbocavernoso con cierre romboidal, utilizando el concepto de Heineke-Mikulicz, fue descrita por Andrich y Mundy en 2003 . Sus resultados son similares a la uretroplastia término-terminal con menos trauma quirúrgico. Se presenta un caso clínico y datos de nuestra experiencia inicial con esta nueva técnica de uretroplastia para el tratamiento de la estenosis bulbar corta de la uretra bulbar (AU)

The end-to-end urethroplasty is the usual treatment for short strictures of the bulbar urethra. This technique implies, in most cases, the section of the bulbar arteries that feed blood to the spongy body and bulbomembranous urethra. The technique of dorsal bulbar urethroplasty without resection of the pedicle with rhomboid closing using the Heineke-Mikulicz concept was described by Andrich and Mundy in 2003. Their results are similar to the end to end urethroplasty with the advantage of less surgical trauma. A clinical case and data of our initial experience with this new technique of urethroplasty for the treatment of short bulbar strictures of the bulbar urethra is presented (AU)

Efectos de la terapia no farmacológica en el envejecimiento normal y el deterioro cognitivo: consideraciones sobre los objetivos terapéuticos / Effects of non-pharmacological therapy on normal ageing and on cognitive decline: reflections on treatment objectives

Introducción: Las terapias no farmacológicas (TNF) en el envejecimiento y las demencias representan un conjunto de intervenciones orientadas a estimular el rendimiento de los procesos cognitivos, mejorar la afectividad, potenciar la independencia en la vida cotidiana y, en última instancia, incrementar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Métodos: Se aplicó una batería de pruebas que valoraban 4 dominios principales (estado mental eneral, afectividad, calidad de vida y actividades de la vida diaria) a una muestra de 317 adultos con más de 64 a˜nos (240 con envejecimiento normal y 77 con deterioro cognitivo). Posteriormente, fueron asignados a grupos de TNF en función de sus capacidades o a otras actividades no específicas. Se valoró el beneficio tras 9 meses de TNF con la misma batería de pruebas. Resultados: Los resultados evidencian una mejora del estado mental general en el envejecimiento sano y ausencia de progresión en el envejecimiento patológico. En los 2 grupos, la afectividad (ansiedad y depresión) y la calidad de vida autopercibida se vio beneficiada por la TNF. No obstante, no parecen mejorar otros aspectos habitualmente incluidos entre los objetivos terapéuticos, como la independencia en las actividades de la vida diaria. Conclusiones: Este trabajo evidencia los resultados positivos que se obtienen por la aplicación de un programa de TNF en el envejecimiento. Es importante destacar que los individuos con deterioro cognitivo se benefician más del mismo, si bien su aplicación generalizada parece resultar un óptimo programa preventivo primario en estos aspectos cognitivos y emocionales (AU)

Introduction: Non-pharmacological therapies for normal ageing and dementia are a set of treatment programmes intended to improve the performance of cognitive processes, improve emotional well-being, promote independence in daily life activities, and ultimately increase patients’ quality of life. Methods: We applied a battery of tests assessing four major domains (general mental state, emotional well-being, quality of life, and daily life activities) to a sample of 317 adults older than 64 (240 with normal ageing and 77 with cognitive impairment). They were then assigned either to non-pharmacological therapy groups according to their abilities or to other non-specific activities. Progress was assessed 9 months later using the same test battery. Results: The results show a general improvement in mental state in the group with normal ageing and absence of disease progression in the group with pathological ageing. In both groups, emotional well-being (anxiety and depression) and self-identified quality of life both benefited from non-pharmacological therapy. However, other aspects commonly included among the therapeutic targets did not seem to improve, including independence in daily life activities. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that non-pharmacological therapy in ageing patients can produce positive results. It must be stressed that benefits are greater in individuals with cognitive impairment, although generalising use of this therapy could prove to be an excellent primary programme for preventing cognitive and emotional disorders (AU)

Celdopatía prostática incrustante: a propósito de un caso / Encrusted prostatitis: a report of a case

Presentamos un caso clínico de celda prostática incrustada de litiasis, a la que denominamos celdopatía incrustante, raramente reportada en la literatura, que comparte características fisiopatológicas con la cistitis alcalina incrustante, descrita desde inicios del siglo XX. Ambas presentan síntomas urinarios irritativos, hematuria, orina alcalina y necrosis tisular por debajo de una capa de calcificación, asociada a bacteria ureolítica, en su mayor parte. El tratamiento de la celditis, cistitis, y pielitis incrustante incluye antibióticos específicos, acidificación urinaria y escisión endoscópica de las lesiones calcificadas (AU)

We report a case of an encrusted prostatic celdopathy fouling or encrusted prostatitis, rarely reported, that accordingly to literature reviwed, seems to share physiopathological features with alkaline encrusted cystitis, described from the early twentieth century. Both cause irritative urinary symptoms, haematuria, alkaline urine and tissue necrosis below a layer of calcification, this associated to ureolytic bacteria, mostly. The treatment of encrusted prostatitis, cystitis, and pyelitis includes specific antibiotics, urinary acidification and endoscopic excision of the calcified lesions (AU)

Fistula uretrorectal post prostatectomia radical: reparación vía perineal con interposición del músculo gracilis. Caso clinico / Post radical prostatectomy fistula: perineal repair with gracilis muscle interposition. Clinical case

Existen diversas técnicas quirúrgicas para la solución de las fístulas uretrorectales debidasa cirugía prostática. La plastia con interposición de músculo gracilis vía perineal es una técnica eficaz. Se presenta un caso clínico de fístula uretrorectal post prostatectomía radical y su resolución por vía perineal con músculo gracilis (AU)

There are several surgical techniques for the solution of uretrorectales fistulas due to prostate surgery. Plasty with gracilis muscle interposition perineal approach is an effective technique. We report a case of fistula uretrorectal post radical prostatectomy and perineal resolution with gracilis muscle (AU)

Quiluria. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Chyluria. Case report and literature review

La quiluria, se deriva del paso anómalo de linfa al sistema urinario por fistulización. Su principal causa es la filariasis, una infección parasitaria causada en el 90% por el nemátodo Wuchereria bancrofti, aunque paralelamente existen diversas etiologías como enfermedades granulomatosas, infecciones, tumores o yatrogenia postquirúrgica. Su diagnóstico es clínico al observar la orina densa de color blanco y su confirmación se realiza al encontrar triglicéridos, quilomicrones y proteínas elevadas en orina. El tratamiento se realiza de manera individualizada y varía desde un manejo conservador con medidas higiénico dietéticas, esclerosis de las fístulas con instilaciones piélicas de povidona yodada, N-butil 2- cianoacrilato o nitrato de plata hasta procedimientos quirúrgicos de diversa índole. Se presenta el caso deuna paciente mujer de 60 años que inicia quiluria tras someterse a una cirugía pélvica (AU)

Chyluria, is the clinical manifestation of a fistulous process between the lymphatic and urinary systems. It is often due to parasitic infections, principally filarial roundworms of the genera Wuchereria bancrofti. Although other causes such as granulomatous diseases, urinary tract infections, tumors or iatrogenic can be present. Diagnosis is made by clinical evidence of chyluria and detection of elevated triglyceride and proteins levels in urine samples. Treatment options are individualized and can vary from medical management, sclerotherapy with povidone iodine, silver nitrate or N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, to surgical approaches. We present a case of a 60 years old women ho presented chyluria after pelvic surgery (AU)

Hidatidosis renal tratada con nefrectomía abierta: a propósito de un caso / Renal hydatidosis treated with open nephrectomy: report of a case

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hidatidosis o equinococosis es una enfermedad parasitaria que afecta al riñón de forma excepcional. El diagnóstico se basa en pruebas serológicas y radiológicas como la TAC. Conviene realizar un buen diagnóstico diferencial y distinguir otras tumoraciones quísticas renales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: A partir de un caso clínico, se revisa la sistemática diagnóstica y las opciones de tratamiento de la hidatidosis renal. RESULTADOS: La TAC es la prueba de imagen más eficaz. La serología no es demasiado útil. La nefrectomía total extraperitoneal es el tratamiento de elección. Debe ser precedida de tratamiento escolicida. Otras opciones son la cirugía parcial y la punción percutánea. CONCLUSIONES: La hidatidosis renal es una rara enfermedad que precisa diagnóstico preciso (TAC). Cuando es sintomática el tratamiento es la nefrectomía. La laparoscopia, retroperitoneoscopia o la punción percutánea se han practicado en casos aislados (AU)

INTRODUCTION: Hydatid disease or echinococcosis is a parasitic disease that affects the kidney by way of exception. The diagnosis is based on serology and radiological tests such as CT. It should make a good differential diagnosis and distinguish other renal cystic tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From a case report, we review the diagnosis and treatment options for renal hydatidosis. RESULTS CT is the imaging more efficient. Serology is not very useful. Concerning the treatment, extraperitoneal nephrectomy is the gold standard. Other options include partial surgery and percutaneous puncture. Medical treatment with Scolicides is applied before and after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Renal hydatid disease is a rare condition that requires accurate diagnosis (TAC). When it is symptomatic nephrectomy is required. Laparoscopy, retroperitoneoscopy and percutaneous punction have been practiced in isolated cases (AU)

Hiperplasia benigna de próstata: valoración inicial y tratamiento médico. Revisión a partir de guías clínicas internacionales y ensayos clínicos multicéntricos / Benign prostatic hyperplasia: initial assessment and treatment. Review from international clinical guidelines and multicenter clinical trials

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hiperplasia benigna de próstata (HBP) es una enfermedad prevalente en varones adultos de más de 45-50 años, aunque no siempre presenta manifestaciones clínicas. La aparición de síntomas del tracto urinario inferior (STUI) puede estar relacionada con la HBP en muchos casos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realiza una revisión de artículos relevantes sobre abordaje diagnóstico y terapia médica en HBP, así como ensayos clínicos publicados en los últimos años: MTOPS y PLESS y combAT. RESULTADOS: Para establecer la relación entre STUI y HBP es necesario realizar un buen interrogatorio al paciente (IPSS) y realizar una serie de exploraciones complementarias como análisis de sangre, con PSA, análisis de orina, ecografía y flujometría miccional. Una vez establecido el diagnóstico existen diversas opciones de tratamiento médico en función del IPSS, volumen protático y valor de PSA, avalados por diversos ensayos clínicos (AU)

INTRODUCTION: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent disease in male adults aged 45-50 years, although not always clinical manifestations are present. The occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) can be related to BPH in many cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of relevant articles on medical diagnostic and therapeutic approach in BPH, and clinical trials published in recent years: (MTOPS, PLESS and combAT) was performed. RESULTS: To establish the relationship between LUTS and BPH is necessary to make a good anamnesis of the patient (IPSS) and additional tests such as blood tests with PSA, urianalysis, ultrasound and urinary flow measurement. Once the diagnosis there are several medical treatment options in terms of IPSS, prostate volume and PSA value, backed by several clinical trials (AU)

Uretroplastia con injerto de mucosa bucal a nivel dorsal bulbar tipo Barbagli / Urethroplasty with buccal mucosa graft at dorsal bulbar level type Barbagli

La estenosis de uretra sigue siendo un tema controvertido y no existe consenso universal en cuanto a su tratamiento. Las técnicas de uretroplastia con parche de material autólogo prometen ser una alternativa efectiva en las estenosis bulbares mayores a 3 y 4 cms, con una tasa de éxito que alcanza los 85-90% con tasas de restenosis de menos de 10%, pero aún quedan por valorar los resultados a largo plazo. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con estenosis de uretra bulbar de 34 cms. De etiología traumática, intervenido de uretroplastia con parche de mucosa bucal según técnica de Barbagli (AU)

Urethral strictures remains a controversial subject with no universal consensus regarding its treatment. Urethroplasty techniques with autologous material seem to represent an effective choice in bulbar strictures over 3-4 cms, with a 85-90% rate of success and less than 10% restemosis rates but still long term follow up is needed. We present the case of a patient with a 3 cms. Bulbar stricture of traumatic etiology in wich a buccal mucosa graft urethoplasty was performed according to the Barbagli procedure (AU)

Simulidos vectores de la oncocercosis en Guatemala / Simuliid vectors of onchocerciasis in Guatemala

Publicado en ingles en el Bull. WHO 16(3):523-529, 1957

Elaboración de un queso tipo cotija con base en una mezcla de leche y garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L) / Elaboration of cheese

The objetive of this work was to elaborate cotija type cheese prepared with whole milk and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), inoculated with S. Thermophilus and to compare its physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics with a commercial cheese. Two mixture were selected 70:30 and 80:20 (whole milk:chickpea paste). Both mixture were ground, pasteurized and inoculated with. S. Thermophilus, to develop taste and aroma. Two rennet concentrations (1:10,000 and 2:10,000), lactic acid and 50 per cent CaCl2 solution were used in both products. Results showed that cheese made with 70:30 mixture and 1:10,000 rennet concentration gave a weak curde and 12 per cent of total solids were lost; in the same way as 70:30 mixture and 2:10,000 rennet concentration. Nevertheless, cheese made with 80:20 mixture and 10,000 or 2:10,000 rennet concentration showed hard consistency of its curd. Addition of 10 per cent sodium chloride solution to he 80:20 mixture cheese, made better whey drain, and a cotija type cheese with similar sensory characteristics as a whole milk cheese, was obtained. Chemical and physical analysis of the extended cotija type cheese showed 14.3 +/- 0.42 and 15.5 +/- 0.21 g/100 g of protein and lipid content respectively. Microbiologically, the extended cotija type cheese is pathogenic microorganisms free for human consumption. Sensory evaluation of the chickpea extended cheese showed a 80 per cent acceptance while the acceptance of the whole milk commercial cheese was 90 per cent.

Nefroureterectomía en pacientes con sustitución ureteral / Nephrourecterectomy in a patient with ureteral substitution

Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente de 26 años de edad con antecedentes de sustitución ureteral izquierda con íleon, por traumatismo abdominal en la infancia que requirió cirugía urgente y posterior cirugía antirreflujo; que consulta a nuestro centro por infecciones del tracto urinario de repetición. Se incluye una revisión de la literatura de la sustitución ureteral con íleon (AU)

We report a clinical case of a 26 years old patient with a left ureteral replacement with ileum in the chidhood due to an abdominal trauma –requiring an urgent surgery- and an anti-reflux surgery; who consults to our center complaining of recurrent urinary tract infections. A literature review of ureteral replacement with ileum is done (AU)

Proceso visuoperceptivo en la enfermedad de Parkinson: de la retina a la corteza frontal / Visuoperceptual processing in Parkinson’s disease: from the retina to the frontal cortex

Introducción. El creciente interés por los déficit cognitivos que presentan los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson ha dado lugar a la proliferación de trabajos sobre este tema durante los últimos años. En el presente artículo se revisa la alteración visuoespacial en dichos pacientes, que habitualmente se relaciona con otros trastornos como los que afectan a la planificación, la secuenciación, la atención o los procesos de la memoria. Desarrollo. Se exponen los hallazgos más relevantes que apuntan a que la existencia de esas alteraciones visuoespaciales que muestran los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson no son siempre secundarias a otros déficit cognitivos de tipo frontal, como se ha afirmado en los últimos años, sino que pueden deberse a trastornos en otros puntos anteriores del proceso perceptivo (como consecuencia de la deficiencia dopaminérgica en el circuito basal-talámico-cortical). Para ello, se clasifican los trastornos visuoperceptivos en función de su localización cerebral: desde la retina hasta el núcleo geniculado lateral, la corteza visual y la corteza extraestriada, y, finalmente, la corteza frontal y prefrontal. Conclusiones. Se propone la presente clasificación de los trastornos según la localización de los mismos en aras de una selección objetiva de la muestra y de las pruebas neuropsicológicas utilizadas en los estudios. Es deseable, a este respecto, un mayor consenso entre los investigadores a la hora de diseñar las investigaciones que versen sobre alteraciones visuoespaciales en los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson

Introduction. The growing interest in the cognitive impairment shown by patients with Parkinson’s disease has led to a wealth of research in this line over recent years. In this paper we review the visuospatial alterations in these patients, which are usually linked to other disorders such as those affecting planning, sequencing, attention or mnemonic processes. Development. We report the most relevant findings, which suggest that the existence of these visuospatial disorders shown by patients with Parkinson’s disease are not always secondary to other frontal-type cognitive impairments, as has been claimed in recent years. Instead, they may be due to disorders in other anterior points of the perceptive process (as a result of dopaminergic deficits in basal-thalamic-cortical circuits). Thus, visuoperceptual disorders are classified according to their location in the brain: from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus, the visual cortex and the extrastriate cortex and, finally, the frontal and prefrontal cortex. Conclusions. We propose this classification of the disorders according to their location to aid in achieving an objective selection of the sample and of the neuropsychological tests used in studies. In this regard, we consider that there should be a higher degree of agreement among researchers when it comes to designing research projects that deal with visuospatial disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease