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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In patients with chronic heart failure (HF), the MONITOR-HF trial demonstrated the efficacy of pulmonary artery (PA)-guided HF therapy over standard of care in improving quality of life and reducing HF hospitalizations and mean PA pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the consistency of these benefits in relation to clinically relevant subgroups. METHODS: The effect of PA-guided HF therapy was evaluated in the MONITOR-HF trial among predefined subgroups based on age, sex, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular ejection fraction, HF aetiology, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Outcome measures were based upon significance in the main trial and included quality of life-, clinical-, and PA pressure endpoints, and were assessed for each subgroup. Differential effects in relation to the subgroups were assessed with interaction terms. Both unadjusted and multiple testing adjusted interaction terms were presented. RESULTS: The effects of PA monitoring on quality of life, clinical events, and PA pressure were consistent in the predefined subgroups, without any clinically relevant heterogeneity within or across all endpoint categories (all adjusted interaction P-values were non-significant). In the unadjusted analysis of the primary endpoint quality-of-life change, weak trends towards a less pronounced effect in older patients (Pinteraction = .03; adjusted Pinteraction = .33) and diabetics (Pinteraction = .01; adjusted Pinteraction = .06) were observed. However, these interaction effects did not persist after adjusting for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS: This subgroup analysis confirmed the consistent benefits of PA-guided HF therapy observed in the MONITOR-HF trial across clinically relevant subgroups, highlighting its efficacy in improving quality of life, clinical, and PA pressure endpoints in chronic HF patients.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca , Artéria Pulmonar , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Masculino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Doença Crônica , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca/métodos , Desfibriladores ImplantáveisRESUMO
BACKGROUNDS: Transcatheter-implanted aortic valve infective endocarditis (TAVI-IE) is difficult to diagnose when relying on the Duke Criteria. Our aim was to assess the additional diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission/computed tomography (PET/CT) and cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) in suspected TAVI-IE. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective analysis was performed in all patients who underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CT and/or CTA with suspected TAVI-IE. Patients were first classified with Duke Criteria and after adding 18F-FDG-PET/CT and CTA, they were classified with European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria. The final diagnosis was determined by our Endocarditis Team based on ESC guideline recommendations. RESULTS: Thirty patients with suspected TAVI-IE were included. 18F-FDG-PET/CT was performed in all patients and Cardiac CTA in 14/30. Using the Modified Duke Criteria, patients were classified as 3% rejected (1/30), 73% possible (22/30), and 23% definite (7/30) TAVI-IE. Adding 18F-FDG-PET/CT and CTA supported the reclassification of 10 of the 22 possible cases as "definite TAVI-IE" (5/22) or "rejected TAVI-IE" (5/22). This changed the final diagnosis to 20% rejected (6/30), 40% possible (12/30), and 40% definite (12/30) TAVI-IE. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of 18F-FDG-PET/CT and/or CTA changed the final diagnosis in 33% of patients and proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool in patients with suspected TAVI-IE.
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Endocardite/diagnóstico por imagem , Fluordesoxiglucose F18/uso terapêutico , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/normas , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/normas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Endocardite/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/tendências , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/tendências , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/instrumentação , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/métodos , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a frequent and complex problem, commonly combined with left-sided heart disease, such as mitral regurgitation. Significant TR is associated with increased mortality if left untreated or recurrent after therapy. Tricuspid regurgitation was historically often disregarded and remained undertreated. Surgery is currently the only Class I Guideline recommended therapy for TR, in the form of annuloplasty, leaflet repair, or valve replacement. As growing experience of transcatheter therapy in structural heart disease, many dedicated transcatheter tricuspid repair or replacement devices, which mimic well-established surgical techniques, are currently under development. Nevertheless, many aspects of TR are little understood, including the disease process, surgical or interventional risk stratification, and predictors of successful therapy. The optimal treatment timing and the choice of proper surgical or interventional technique for significant TR remain to be elucidated. In this context, we aim to highlight the current evidence, underline major controversial issues in this field and present a future roadmap for TR therapy.
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Anuloplastia da Valva Cardíaca , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide , Humanos , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Valva Tricúspide/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide/cirurgiaAssuntos
Valvuloplastia com Balão/instrumentação , Calcinose/cirurgia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Estenose da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada Quadridimensional , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Doença de Hodgkin/radioterapia , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estenose da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Modelagem Computacional Específica para o Paciente , Impressão Tridimensional , EsternotomiaRESUMO
Aims: Invasive haemodynamic monitoring of heart failure (HF) is used to detect deterioration in an early phase thereby preventing hospitalizations. However, this invasive approach is costly and presently lacks widespread accessibility. Hence, there is a pressing need to identify an alternative non-invasive method that is reliable and more readily available. In this pilot study, we investigated the relation between wrist-derived photoplethysmography (PPG) signals and the invasively measured pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). Methods and results: Fourteen patients with aortic valve stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement with concomitant right heart catheterization and PPG measurements were included. Six unique features of the PPG signals [heart rate, heart rate variability, systolic amplitude (SA), diastolic amplitude, crest time (CT), and large artery stiffness index (LASI)] were extracted. These features were used to estimate the continuous PCWP values and the categorized PCWP (low < 12â mmHg vs. high ≥ 12â mmHg). All PPG features resulted in regression models that showed low correlations with the invasively measured PCWP. Classification models resulted in higher performances: the model based on the SA and the model based on the LASI both resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 and the model based on the CT resulted in an AUC of 0.72. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the capability to non-invasively classify patients into clinically meaningful categories of PCWP using PPG signals from a wrist-worn wearable device. To enhance and fully explore its potential, the relationship between PPG and PCWP should be further investigated in a larger cohort of HF patients.
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AIMS: Heart failure (HF), a global pandemic affecting millions of individuals, calls for adequate predictive guidance for improved therapy. Congestion, a key factor in HF-related hospitalizations, further underscores the need for timely interventions. Proactive monitoring of intracardiac pressures, guided by pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, offers opportunities for efficient early-stage intervention, since haemodynamic congestion precedes clinical symptoms. METHODS: The BioMEMS study, a substudy of the MONITOR-HF trial, proposes a multifaceted approach integrating blood biobank data with traditional and novel HF parameters. Two additional blood samples from 340 active participants in the MONITOR-HF trial were collected at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month visits and stored for the BioMEMS biobank. The main aims are to identify the relationship between temporal biomarker patterns and PA pressures derived from the CardioMEMS-HF system, and to identify the biomarker profile(s) associated with the risk of HF events and cardiovascular death. CONCLUSION: Since the prognostic value of single baseline measurements of biomarkers like N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide is limited, with the BioMEMS study we advocate a dynamic, serial approach to better capture HF progression. We will substantiate this by relating repeated biomarker measurements to PA pressures. This design rationale presents a comprehensive review on cardiac biomarkers in HF, and aims to contribute valuable insights into personalized HF therapy and patient risk assessment, advancing our ability to address the evolving nature of HF effectively.
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Biomarcadores , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Artéria Pulmonar , Humanos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Prognóstico , Artéria Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Masculino , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Idoso , Pressão Propulsora Pulmonar/fisiologia , Doença Crônica , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Photon-counting detector CT (PCD CT) has increasingly garnered interest in cardiothoracic imaging due to its high spatial resolution and ability to perform spectral imaging. CT plays an important role in the planning and postprocedural assessment of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Limitations of current CT technology resulting in blooming and metal artifacts may be addressed with PCD CT. This case series demonstrates the potential advantages of PCD CT in patients prior to and post-TAVR. In TAVR planning, PCD CT allowed for a detailed depiction of the aortic valve, aortic root, coronary arteries, and potential vascular access routes. The high-spatial-resolution reconstructions enabled assessment of hypoattenuating leaflet thickening and periprosthetic leakage for prosthetic valves. This study shows promising initial results, but further research is needed to determine the clinical impact of PCD CT in patients prior to and post-TAVR. Keywords: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, Cardiac, Coronary Arteries, Heart, Valves, Photon-counting Detector CT © RSNA, 2023 An earlier incorrect version appeared online. This article was corrected on October 27, 2023.
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AIMS: Low wall shear stress (WSS) is acknowledged to play a role in plaque development through its influence on local endothelial function. Also, lipid-rich plaques (LRPs) are associated with endothelial dysfunction. However, little is known about the interplay between WSS and the presence of lipids with respect to plaque progression. Therefore, we aimed to study the differences in WSS-related plaque progression between LRPs, non-LRPs, or plaque-free regions in human coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the present single-centre, prospective study, 40 patients who presented with an acute coronary syndrome successfully underwent near-infrared spectroscopy intravascular ultrasound (NIRS-IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of at least one non-culprit vessel at baseline and completed a 1-year follow-up. WSS was computed applying computational fluid dynamics to a three-dimensional reconstruction of the coronary artery based on the fusion of the IVUS-segmented lumen with a CT-derived centreline, using invasive flow measurements as boundary conditions. For data analysis, each artery was divided into 1.5 mm/45° sectors. Plaque growth based on IVUS-derived percentage atheroma volume change was compared between LRPs, non-LRPs, and plaque-free wall segments, as assessed by both OCT and NIRS. Both NIRS- and OCT-detected lipid-rich sectors showed a significantly higher plaque progression than non-LRPs or plaque-free regions. Exposure to low WSS was associated with a higher plaque progression than exposure to mid or high WSS, even in the regions classified as a plaque-free wall. Furthermore, low WSS and the presence of lipids had a synergistic effect on plaque growth, resulting in the highest plaque progression in lipid-rich regions exposed to low shear stress. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that NIRS- and OCT-detected lipid-rich regions exposed to low WSS are subject to enhanced plaque growth over a 1-year follow-up. The presence of lipids and low WSS proves to have a synergistic effect on plaque growth.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Placa Aterosclerótica , Humanos , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Estudos Prospectivos , LipídeosAssuntos
Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico por imagem , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Endocardite Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) has an important role in determining the pathogenesis of new-onset acute heart failure (new-AHF) when noninvasive testing is impossible. However, data on safety and histopathologic outcomes in patients requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is lacking. METHODS: A retrospective, multicenter cohort of patients undergoing EMB while requiring VA-ECMO for new-AHF between 1990 and 2020 was compared with a cohort of nontransplant related biopsies not requiring VA-ECMO. Primary end point of the study was to determine the safety of EMB. Additionally, we describe the underlying pathogenesis causing new-AHF based on histopathologic examination of the samples obtained. RESULTS: A total of 23 patients underwent EMB while requiring VA-ECMO (10.0%), 125 (54.3%) during an unplanned admission, and 82 (35.7%) in elective setting. Major complications occurred in 8.3% of all procedures with a significantly higher rate in patients requiring VA-ECMO (26.1% versus 8.0% versus 3.7%, P=0.003) predominately due to the occurrence of sustained ventricular tachycardia or need of resuscitation (13.0% versus 3.2% versus 1.2%, P=0.02). EMB led to a histopathologic diagnosis in 78.3% of the patients requiring VA-ECMO which consisted primarily of patients with myocarditis (73.9%). CONCLUSIONS: EMB in patients requiring VA-ECMO can be performed albeit with a substantial risk of major complications. The risk of the procedure was offset by a histopathologic diagnosis in 78.3% of the patients, which for the majority consisted of patients with myocarditis. The important therapeutic and prognostic implications of establishing an underlying pathogenesis causing new-AHF in this population warrant further refinement to improve procedural safety.
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Biópsia/efeitos adversos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Miocardite/complicações , Choque Cardiogênico/complicações , Adulto , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Estudos de Coortes , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque Cardiogênico/patologia , Choque Cardiogênico/terapiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report on clinical outcomes beyond 1 year of the BVS Expand registry. BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have proven feasibility and safety of the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California). However, data on medium- to long-term outcomes are limited and available only for simpler lesions. METHODS: This is an investigator-initiated, prospective, single-center, single-arm study evaluating performance of the BVS in a lesion subset representative of daily clinical practice, including calcified lesions, total occlusions, long lesions, and small vessels. Inclusion criteria were patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, stable/unstable angina, or silent ischemia caused by a de novo stenotic lesion in a native previously untreated coronary artery. Procedural and medium- to long-term clinical outcomes were assessed. Primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events, defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. RESULTS: From September 2012 to January 2015, 249 patients with 335 lesions were enrolled. Mean number of scaffolds per patient was 1.79 ± 1.15. Invasive imaging was used in 39%. In 38.1% there were American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification type B2/C lesions. Mean lesion length was 22.16 ± 13.79 mm. Post-procedural acute lumen gain was 1.39 ± 0.59 mm. Median follow-up period was 622 (interquartile range: 376 to 734) days. Using Kaplan-Meier methods, the MACE rate at 18 months was 6.8%. Rates of cardiac mortality, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization at 18 months were 1.8%, 5.2%, and 4.0%, respectively. Definite scaffold thrombosis rate was 1.9%. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, BVS implantation in a complex patient and lesion subset was associated with an acceptable rate of adverse events in the longer term, whereas no cases of early thrombosis were observed.
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Implantes Absorvíveis , Angina Estável/terapia , Angina Instável/terapia , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/administração & dosagem , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis , Doença das Coronárias/terapia , Everolimo/administração & dosagem , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/terapia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/instrumentação , Idoso , Angina Estável/diagnóstico por imagem , Angina Estável/mortalidade , Angina Instável/diagnóstico por imagem , Angina Instável/mortalidade , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/efeitos adversos , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença das Coronárias/mortalidade , Trombose Coronária/etiologia , Everolimo/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/mortalidade , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/mortalidade , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Recidiva , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The future promises many technological advances in the field of heart valve interventions, like tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHV). Prior to introduction in clinical practice, it is essential to perform early health technology assessment. We aim to develop a conceptual model (CM) that can be used to investigate the performance and costs requirements for TEHV to become cost-effective. METHODS: After scoping the decision problem, a workgroup developed the draft CM based on clinical guidelines. This model was compared with existing models for cost-effectiveness of heart valve interventions, identified by systematic literature search. Next, it was discussed with a Delphi panel of cardiothoracic surgeons, cardiologists and a biomedical scientist (n=10). RESULTS: The CM starts with the valve implantation. If patients survive the intervention, they can remain alive without complications, die from non-valve-related causes or experience a valve-related event. The events are separated in early and late events. After surviving an event, patients can experience another event or die due to non-valve-related causes. Predictors will include age, gender, NYHA class, left ventricular function and diabetes. Costs and quality adjusted life years are to be attached to health conditions to estimate long-term costs and health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a CM that will serve as foundation of a decision-analytic model that can estimate the potential cost-effectiveness of TEHV in early development stages. This supports developers in deciding about further development of TEHV and identifies promising interventions that may result in faster take-up in clinical practice by clinicians and reimbursement by payers.
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Aortic valve stenosis is a common heart valve disorder in adults. Its prevalence increases with age and is therefore especially seen in older patients. Thirty to forty per cent of patients with symptomatic aortic valve stenosis are not referred for surgical valve replacement because of high age, their medical history or comorbidities. In 2002, the first transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was carried out in an inoperable patient. Since 2012, TAVI has been included in international guidelines for heart valve diseases as a treatment strategy in symptomatic patients at a high risk of complications and a life expectancy of more than one year. Decision-making about which treatment is preferable takes a multidisciplinary approach. Important complications of TAVI are bleeding, renal function disorder, stroke, conduction abnormalities, valve insufficiency and death. TAVI procedures are carried out in the Netherlands only in cardiac centres in which specific expertise is present in the areas of structural cardiovascular disease. Scientific research is important for further developments and improvements.