'No matter what time of day': The value of joining Facebook groups supporting women's self-management of gestational diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects a significant and growing proportion of pregnant women each year. The condition entails additional monitoring, self-management and healthcare use during pregnancy, and some women also join GDM support groups on Facebook. Little is known about the practices inside these groups, but examining them may elucidate support needs, women's experience of healthcare and improve overall outcomes. The aims of this study were to explore motivations for joining GDM Facebook groups and the perceived value and benefits of such spaces. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design using a web-based survey collected data from two peer-led GDM Facebook groups; relevant quantitative and qualitative data were extracted from open and closed questions, and analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. RESULTS: A total of 340 women responded to the survey, with 306 (90%) tendering their motivations to join a GDM Facebook group. Their answers were classified into six categories: peer support; information and practical advice; lived experiences; community; a safe place to ask questions and being recommended. The most commonly reported benefits of membership were 'reading about food ideas' and 'finding helpful information and tips'. Respondents reported finding their group strongly sympathetic, sincere, compassionate, heart-felt, tolerant, sensitive, warm and supportive. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: GDM Facebook groups are valuable for informational and emotional support, and the sharing and perusal of lived experiences; another key benefit for women is feeling belonging to a community. GDM Facebook groups provide women with access to more tailored and readily available support, filling gaps not addressed by healthcare providers. PATIENT CONTRIBUTION: This study was led by a person with lived experience of GDM, and the survey was pilot tested with women who had also experienced GDM, which contributed to its development.

Clinical supervision experience of nurses in or transitioning to advanced practice: A systematic review.

AIMS: To systematically explore the clinical supervision (CS) experience for nurses transitioning to advanced practice. DESIGN: A qualitative systematic review using Joanna Briggs Institute meta-aggregation following an a priori protocol published on PROSPERO (CRD42023426658). DATA SOURCES: Qualitative studies obtained from Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Emcare and ERIC databases and ProQuest dissertations and theses for peer-reviewed, published and unpublished studies from inception to July 2023. REVIEW METHODS: Two authors conducted data screening and abstraction. Quality was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool and reporting followed the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research checklist for systematic reviews. RESULTS: Sixteen studies contributed to five synthesized findings: CS that is beneficial requires structure and commitment, trusting relationships are foundational for learning, lifting burdens and preventing burnout, learning through reflection, critical thinking and feedback and barriers to CS. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a meaningful exploration of CS to support nurses transitioning to advanced practice. Well-structured supervision offers a safe space to share work-related concerns and develop an advanced practitioner identity. Sharing experiences helps alleviate work-related burdens and reduce professional isolation and burnout. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION: Peer-support networks are vital for successful transition to advanced practice. IMPACT: This review highlighted the impact of effective supervisory relationships in forming professional identity and possible links with nursing retention. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No direct patient contributions are included as it forms part of a research degree.

The establishment and value of peer group clinical supervision: A qualitative study of stakeholders' perspectives.

AIMS: Explore perspectives of steering group members and external clinical supervision facilitators of developing and establishing peer group clinical supervision. BACKGROUND: The climate of healthcare is complex which can lead to staff burnout and challenges to practice. Clinical supervision is suggested as an approach to managing and leadership of such complexities. DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive. METHODS: Focus group interviews with 19 members of the peer group clinical supervision steering groups and individual interviews with five external clinical supervision facilitators from the Western region of Ireland were conducted. Data analysis followed Elo and Kyngäs' content analysis method, involving preparation, organising and reporting, to extract meaning and identify patterns from the qualitative data collected. RESULTS: Developing peer group clinical supervision practice requires, clarity of purpose and function that address the pros and cons of clinical supervision. Organisational leadership is required to support and release staff for peer group clinical supervision and peer group clinical supervisors need to be credible and have a level of expertise in practice. When prepared and supported, the aspects of confidence, leadership, personal development and resilience develop. CONCLUSION: Peer group clinical supervisors need training and ongoing continual professional development for their role, scope of practice and responsibilities. Sustainability rests on staff awareness and familiarity with the purpose and format of peer group clinical supervision and the regularity of sessions. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Peer group clinical supervision is a means of supporting improvement of patient care delivery while in parallel supporting personal and professional development of staff, building resilience in the workplace. IMPACT: This study explored the implementation of peer group clinical supervision for staff across nursing and midwifery disciplines. It found that implementing peer group clinical supervision had a positive impact on staff well-being and morality and on patient care delivery. These findings influence healthcare service providers in implementing peer group clinical supervision in a sustainable way enabling nurses to continue working in complex healthcare environments delivering safe person-centred care. REPORTING METHOD: The qualitative reporting guidelines Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) were followed. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patient/public involvement was addressed in this study by staff, managers, planners, directors, leaders and educationalists being involved at all stages of the study (concept, design, analysis and reporting).

Leaders of Peer Groups in Chinese Early Adolescents: The Roles of Social, Academic, and Psychological Characteristics in Group Leadership.

Leadership in peer groups is an important issue in adolescent socioemotional development, yet it has received limited attention in research. This one-year longitudinal study examined peer group leadership and the roles of social, academic, and psychological characteristics in the dynamics of group leadership. Participants included 1061 Chinese students (initial mean age =11.17 years; SD = 6.98 months; 49.4% female). Data were collected from peer assessments, teacher ratings, and self-reports. The longitudinal social network analysis (SIENA) indicated that peer group leadership was fluid with leadership status evolving over time across groups in a hierarchical manner. Adolescents displaying higher social competence and aggression and lower shyness were more likely to become group leaders. Academic performance and loneliness were not significantly associated with the dynamics of peer group leadership. The results help understand peer group leadership and contributions of social behaviors to the attainment of leadership status in peer groups in early adolescence.

The more peers are present, the more adventurous? How peer presence influences adolescent pedestrian safety.

Objective: Adolescence is a high-risk period for traffic injury. One factor that may impact adolescent safety in traffic is the presence of peers. We conducted a quasi-experimental research study to examine the impact of peer presence, peer familiarity, and peer group size on adolescent pedestrian risk-taking intentions in both sidewalk and street-crossing settings. Methods: 607 students aged 12-18 years from Nantong city, China, completed a questionnaire that presented 20 traffic scenarios. The scenarios varied based on a 3 (peer group size: no peer vs. one peer vs. multiple peers) x 2 (peer familiarity: familiar vs. unfamiliar) x 2 (traffic setting: crossing the street vs. walking on the roadside) experimental design. Adolescents' responses indicated safer vs riskier intentions in each situation. Results: Results found that: (1) Adolescents were safer when walking on the sidewalk than when crossing the street; (2) Whether crossing the street or walking on the sidewalk, adolescents' behavioral intentions were safer when there were peers present than when there were no peers present; (3) Adolescents' safety tended to be higher overall with unfamiliar peers than with familiar peers; (4) Adolescents were less safe when crossing the street with familiar peer(s) than with unfamiliar peer(s), but no differences emerged when walking on the sidewalk. Conclusions: Adolescents report safer behavior when walking with a peer or peers compared with walking alone. Familiar peers reduce adolescents' safety of behavior intentions in traffic, especially when crossing the street.

Evaluating the Impact of Seated Pilates on Functional Outcomes Among Those With Mild, Moderate, and Severe Multiple Sclerosis Impairment: A Pilot Feasibility Trial.

This pilot study assessed the feasibility and functional benefits of a twice-weekly, 12-week, virtual, seated, group-based Pilates program in persons with mild to severe multiple sclerosis (MS). Participants were randomized into either a Pilates-only group or a Pilates group, which also incorporated hip and shoulder-cuff activation exercises. Process, management, and scientific-feasibility metrics were analyzed descriptively. Functional outcomes, physical activity, and MS-related outcomes (impact, fatigue, and quality of life) were measured pre- and postintervention and analyzed using mixed-effects models, analysis of variance, and cluster analysis. Twenty-two participants completed baseline testing. Sixteen completed the intervention and postintervention testing. Collapsed across groups, analyses demonstrated improvements in the Timed 25-Foot Walk (36%), Timed Up-and-Go (13%), and the Berg Balance Scale (10%, statistically significant). Neither between-groups differences nor physical activity or MS outcome changes were significant. Participants reported high satisfaction. Findings suggest that virtual, seated Pilates is feasible and may confer balance benefits to individuals with MS.

Nicotine prevalence among youth of rural Jaipur, Rajasthan.

Background: Children are more sensitive to tobacco advertisements than adults. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that tobacco use has doubled in the past four decades particularly among the youth. Smoking among teenagers is an issue that affects countries worldwide. Objective: This study identified the prevalence of tobacco consumption among youth of rural Jaipur. We also studied, their age of initiation of tobacco and their correlation with the income and occupation of parents. Method: Community based cross-sectional type of study was conducted on youth of 15-24 years of age in 30 clusters in the Vatika, Jaipur. Cluster sampling technique was adopted. A semi-structured pretested and predesigned questionnaire was used for data collection. The inter-personal communication technique was used maintaining full confidentiality. All the results were transferred onto Microsoft excel sheet and evaluated statistically. Results: Out of 420 youths, 79.0% youths consumes nicotine in any form. More male subjects (90.9%) consume nicotine than females (62.8%) highly significantly. 33.1% youths started nicotine consumption <12 years. Youths from more income family(63.6%), illiterate father (76.2%), illiterate mother (74.4%), father having farming as occupation (67.2%), consumes more nicotine. more (88.6%) of youths consume nicotine with their friends. 58.1% parents oppose their children. Conclusion: The prevalence of nicotine intake was higher in boys than girls and majority of them consumes nicotine in any form gutka or beedi-cigarette. The reasons for such high dependence of nicotine according to the youth were lack of knowledge of the ill effects of nicotine intake and peer pressure. However, majority of the youth did not want to quit nicotine consumption.

Contribution of peer group supervision to nursing practice: An interpretive phenomenological study.

AIM: To provide insight into peer group supervision practices through understanding the lived experience of community health nurses. BACKGROUND: The recent Covid-19 health crisis highlights the importance of supportive mechanisms to sustain and retain nurses in the workforce. While the support of quality clinical supervision for registered nurses is recognised, the benefits and challenges of peer group supervision are less clearly articulated. DESIGN: Nurses' experiences of peer group supervision in an Australian tertiary health service were explored using a Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutic approach. METHOD: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in 2021 and provided nurses with the opportunity to share their experiences of using the New Zealand Coaching and Mentoring Model of peer group supervision. The study included a total of 31 nurse participants across multiple community health contexts. Interview data were analysed using a hermeneutic approach from which themes arose. FINDINGS: The findings demonstrated that strong peer group supervision foundations that include personal and professional preparation and active participation are essential. Dual pillars of "the unique individual" and "the unique group" with responsibilities identified in each pillar that enable interactions and worthiness in peer group supervision practice. The foundations and pillars support peer group supervision in nursing practice to provide a mechanism for reflection, support and professional guidance. CONCLUSIONS: Peer group supervision is a worthy, contributory process in community health nursing when implementation processes are supported and teams are educated and prepared. Perceptions of peer group supervision are unique and varied across individuals. The individual experience has an impact on the group experience and vice versa. Knowledge of the process and group by participants is required to enable professional reflection through nursing peer group supervision.

Learning with our peers: peer-led versus instructor-led debriefing for simulated crises, a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Although peer-assisted learning is known to be effective for reciprocal learning in medical education, it has been understudied in simulation. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of peer-led compared to instructor-led debriefing for non-technical skill development in simulated crisis scenarios. METHODS: Sixty-one undergraduate medical students were randomized into the control group (instructor-led debriefing) or an intervention group (peer debriefer or peer debriefee group). After the pre-test simulation, the participants underwent two more simulation scenarios, each followed by a debriefing session. After the second debriefing session, the participants underwent an immediate post-test simulation on the same day and a retention post-test simulation two months later. Non-technical skills for the pre-test, immediate post-test, and retention tests were assessed by two blinded raters using the Ottawa Global Rating Scale (OGRS). RESULTS: The participants' non-technical skill performance significantly improved in all groups from the pre-test to the immediate post-test, with changes in the OGRS scores of 15.0 (95% CI [11.4, 18.7]) in the instructor-led group, 15.3 (11.5, 19.0) in the peer-debriefer group, and 17.6 (13.9, 21.4) in the peer-debriefee group. No significant differences in performance were found, after adjusting for the year of medical school training, among debriefing modalities (P = 0.147) or between the immediate post-test and retention test (P = 0.358). CONCLUSIONS: Peer-led debriefing was as effective as instructor-led debriefing at improving undergraduate medical students' non-technical skill performance in simulated crisis situations. Peer debriefers also improved their simulated clinical skills. The peer debriefing model is a feasible alternative to the traditional, costlier instructor model.

Comparison of peer-assisted learning with expert-led learning in medical school ultrasound education: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Teaching point-of-care ultrasonography (PoCUS) to medical students is resource intensive. Peer-assisted learning, where the teacher can be a medical student, may be a feasible alternative to expert-led learning. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the PoCUS performance assessments of medical students receiving peer-assisted vs expert-led learning. METHODS: This study was submitted to PROSPERO (CRD42023383915) and reported with PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, Education Source, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to November 2022. Inclusion criteria were studies comparing peer-assisted vs expert-led PoCUS teaching for undergraduate medical students. The primary outcome was performance assessment of PoCUS skills. Two reviewers independently screened citations and extracted data. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess study quality. Studies were included in the meta-analysis if mean performance assessment scores with standard deviations and sample sizes were available. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the accuracy score of practical knowledge test for each group. A meta-regression evaluated difference in mean scores. RESULTS: The search yielded 2890 citations; 1417 unique citations remained after removing duplicates. Nine randomized-controlled studies conducted in Germany, USA, and Israel, with 593 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The included studies assessed teaching of abdominal, cardiac, thoracic, musculoskeletal, and ocular PoCUS skills. Most studies had some risk-of-bias concerns. The estimate accuracy score after weighting is 0.56 (95% CI [0.47, 0.65]) for peer-assisted learning and 0.59 (95% CI [0.49, 0.69]) for expert-led learning. The regression coefficient estimate is 0.0281 (95% CI [- 0.1121, 0.1683]); P value is 0.69. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis found that peer-assisted learning was a reasonable alternative to expert-led learning for teaching PoCUS skills to medical students.

RéSUMé: INTRODUCTION: L'enseignement de l'échographie au point d'intervention (PoCUS) aux étudiants en médecine nécessite des ressources importantes. L'apprentissage assisté par les pairs, où l'enseignant peut être un étudiant en médecine, peut être une alternative possible à l'apprentissage dirigé par des experts. L'objectif de cette revue systématique et de cette méta-analyse était de comparer les évaluations de performance PoCUS d'étudiants en médecine bénéficiant d'un apprentissage assisté par des pairs par rapport à un apprentissage dirigé par des experts. MéTHODES: Cette étude a été soumise à PROSPERO (CRD42023383915) et rapportée selon les directives PRISMA. MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, Education Source, Scopus et Web of Science ont été recherchés depuis leur création jusqu'en novembre 2022. Les critères d'inclusion étaient les études comparant l'enseignement du PoCUS assisté par des pairs à celui dirigé par des experts pour les étudiants en médecine de premier cycle. Le principal résultat était l'évaluation du rendement des compétences PoCUS. Deux évaluateurs ont indépendamment examiné les citations et extrait les données. L'outil Cochrane d'évaluation du risque de biais pour les essais randomisés a été utilisé pour évaluer la qualité des études. Les études ont été incluses dans la méta-analyse si les scores moyens d'évaluation des performances avec les écarts types et la taille des échantillons étaient disponibles. Une méta-analyse à effets aléatoires a été réalisée pour estimer le score de précision du test de connaissances pratiques pour chaque groupe. Une méta-régression a évalué la différence dans les scores moyens. RéSULTATS: La recherche a donné lieu à 2890 citations ; 1417 citations uniques ont été conservées après suppression des doublons. Neuf études contrôlées randomisées menées en Allemagne, aux États-Unis et en Israël, avec 593 participants, ont été incluses dans la méta-analyse. Les études incluses ont évalué l'enseignement des compétences PoCUS abdominales, cardiaques, thoraciques, musculo-squelettiques et oculaires. La plupart des études présentaient des risques de biais. Le score de précision estimé après pondération est de 0,56 (IC à 95 % : [0,47, 0,65]) pour l'apprentissage assisté par les pairs et de 0,59 (IC à 95 % : [0,49, 0,69]) pour l'apprentissage dirigé par des experts. L'estimation du coefficient de régression est de 0,0281 (IC à 95 % : [-0,1121, 0,1683]) ; la valeur P est de 0,69. CONCLUSION: Cette méta-analyse a montré que l'apprentissage assisté par les pairs était une alternative raisonnable à l'apprentissage dirigé par des experts pour enseigner les compétences PoCUS aux étudiants en médecine.

Exploring the Impact of a Supportive Work Environment on Chinese L2 Teachers' Emotions: A Partial Least Squares-SEM Approach.

Second language (L2) teachers' emotions can influence their well-being and students' performance. However, most of the existing studies have focused on the role of individual factors in affecting L2 teachers' emotions, while leaving environmental factors underexplored. To fill this gap, this study aimed to examine how the four dimensions of a supportive work environment (SWE) (perceived climate, PC; supervisory relationship, SR; peer group interaction, PGI; and perceived organization support, POS) relate to L2 teachers' emotions (enjoyment, anxiety, pride, and anger). A sample of 406 Chinese L2 teachers completed two valid scales to measure their SWE and emotions. The data were analyzed by Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS 3 software. The results showed that (1) PC, PGI, and POS had a positive and significant effect on enjoyment, while SR had no significant effect; (2) PGI and POS had a negative and significant effect on anxiety, while PC and SR had no significant effect; (3) PGI had a positive and significant effect on pride, while the other three dimensions had no significant effect; and (4) POS had a negative and significant effect on anger, while the other three dimensions had no significant effect. The study concludes with some implications for L2 teachers' education.

Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer and the Desire for Parenthood-A Legal View from a Swiss Perspective in Consideration of the Relevance of Cancer Support Organizations.

This commentary focuses on the challenges and possibilities that adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYA) desiring parenthood face under Swiss law. The regulation of reproductive medicine procedures is stricter in Switzerland than in some other countries. Health insurance is compulsory, but the interventions that are covered are in constant flux. Recent changes pertain to the possibilities of future AYA parenthood and keeping up to date with practical and legal ramifications is taxing even for health professionals. AYA facing treatment decisions are uniquely vulnerable and dependent on comprehensive, clear, current, and country-specific information regarding risks and options pertaining to their fertility. This commentary provides a short overview of the Swiss legal framework related to reproductive medicine, highlighting its access restrictions and prohibitions, as well as recent changes. While the importance of patient, peer, caregiver, and interest groups supporting people affected by health conditions has long been recognized in many countries, an AYA organization was only recently established in Switzerland. Such organizations are vital for providing accurate, country-specific information and support, while individualized medical guidance, informed by the most current legal framework and its consequences, remains essential in addressing AYAs' specific needs in connection with the desire to have children.

The analysis of telephone consultation contents of patients with bipolar disorder received by a self-help group.

Aim: Previous research shows that telephone consultation is useful in suicide prevention, substance use disorder, and other mental illnesses. However, no study has been conducted with a specific focus on telephone consultation for patients with bipolar disorder (BPD). Therefore, this study investigates the utilization of telephone consultation by patients with BPD and their families and analyzes the consultation contents to identify specific issues that they face. Methods: We investigated a record book of telephone consultation conducted between 2013 and 2019 provided by the Japanese Alliance of Bipolar Disorder, which is a self-help group in Japan specializing in BPD. The main themes regarding consultation were extracted and labelled as diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, laws and social support, interpersonal relations, social life, other people with BPD, and others, with up to three items being labeled per consultation. Results: A total of 3540 consultations were sought, and consulters who were patients accounted for 74% of the calls. The largest number of consultations were those related to symptoms (1522), followed by interpersonal relations (1003), social life (896), and treatment (797). There was a significant difference in the distribution of consultation contents between patients and their families (χ 2 = 44.595, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Most consultations by patients with BPD were about their psychiatric symptoms. Consultation contents differed between patients and families, with patients focusing more on their own social life and families focusing more on the treatment of BPD. These findings could help health-care professionals in formulating effective psychoeducation and psychotherapy programs.

Effectiveness evaluation of peer-group level care and management mode in HIV infected patients / 上海预防医学

Objective To introduce and conduct effectiveness evaluation of peer-group level care and management mode in people living with HIV and AIDS(PLHAs)in Jing'an District, Shanghai. Methods We recruited PLHAs who were managed by Jing'an District and participated in the peer-group care activities from 2015 to 2016, and collected their data of general conditions, behavior, antiretroviral therapy, life quality, social support, mental status and medical modes, and then conducted effectiveness evaluation of the mode by multivariate logistic regression model and linear regression model. Results A total of 300 PLHAs were included with 150 cases in each group. PLHAs in target group had higher proportion of antiretroviral therapy[82.7%(124/150)and 64.7%(97/150)]. In addition, they got higher scores in mental health(48.5±9.2 and 43.9±10.6)and social support(28.7±8.2 and 24.8±6.6), and lower scores in depressive severity index(0.5±0.1)and avoidance of medical modes(16.1±3.0 and 17.0±2.5). Multivariate analysis showed that PLHAs in target group had less sex partners(zero partner, OR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.1-3.9;one partner, OR = 3.6, 95%CI:1.9-6.8)and increased condom use(no sex, OR = 5.3, 95%CI:2.4-11.7;complete use, OR = 10.6, 95%CI:4.7-24.1;random miss, OR = 5.1, 95%CI:1.8-14.8)in the last 12 months. Conclusion The effect of peer-group level care and management mode is significantly good in promoting behavior change, enhancing health concern and increasing antiretroviral therapy.

Mentoria entre pares: percepções de suporte social e ambiente educacional de estudantes de medicina / Peer mentoring: medical students' perceptions of social support and the educational environment

Resumo: Introdução: Programas de mentoria entre pares são apontados como suporte efetivo na transição dos estudantes para o ensino superior, colaborando com sua saúde mental e seu desempenho acadêmico. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivos mensurar e comparar a percepção de suporte social e avaliação do ambiente educacional entre estudantes membros e não membros do Grupo de Estudos em Didática Aplicada ao Aprendizado da Medicina (Gedaam), no curso de graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal que utilizou dados do cruzamento entre os bancos da pesquisa QualiMed e dos registros do Gedaam. Dos 1.470 estudantes que participaram do inquérito QualiMed, 347 eram vinculados ao Gedaam. A percepção do suporte social foi mensurada pela Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (ESSS); e a avaliação do ambiente educacional, pelo Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). Realizaram-se análises descritivas e comparativas univariadas por meio do qui-quadrado de Pearson e do teste t de Student, considerando um valor-p < 0,05 para verificação da significância estatística. Os dados foram analisados no software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 19.0. Resultado: Verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre membros e não membros nas variáveis ciclo do curso, sexo, orientação sexual, recebimento de bolsas de auxílio e prática de atividade física regular. Os participantes do Gedaam apresentaram pior percepção quando comparados a não membros em todos os domínios da ESSS, exceto para a satisfação com atividades sociais (valor-p < 0,05). O ambiente educacional foi avaliado pelos dois grupos como tendo "muitos problemas" (escore = 95,51 para membros Gedaam e 100,05 para não membros), com diferença estatisticamente significativa. Conclusão: Observou-se um perfil mais crítico em relação à percepção de suporte social e ao ambiente acadêmico entre os estudantes. Sugere-se que a mentoria entre pares auxilie positivamente o percurso acadêmico e pessoal dos estudantes de Medicina.

Abstract: Introduction: Peer mentoring programs are seen as effective support for student transition to higher education, contributing to their mental health and academic performance. Objective: To measure and compare the perception of social support and evaluation of the educational environment among student members and non-members of the Grupo de Estudos em Didática Aplicada ao Aprendizado da Medicina (Study Group in Didactics Applied to Learning in Medicine - GEDAAM), on the undergraduate medicine course at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). Method: Cross-sectional study using data from the crossover between QualiMed research data and GEDAAM records. Of the 1,470 students who participated in the QualiMed survey, 347 were associated to GEDAAM. The perception of social support was measured by the Social Support Satisfaction Scale (ESSS) and the educational environment assessment by the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). Univariate descriptive and comparative analysis were performed using Pearson's Chi-square and Student's t-test, considering a p-value <0.05 to verify statistical significance. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 19.0. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between members and non-members in course stage, sex, sexual orientation, receipt of aid grants and practice of regular physical activity. GEDAAM participants had a worse perception when compared to non-members in all ESSS Domains, except for satisfaction with social activities (p-value <0.05). The educational environment was assessed by both groups as having "many problems" (score = 95.51 for GEDAAM members and 100.05 for non-members), with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: A more critical profile was observed in relation to the perception of social support and the academic environment among students. It is suggested that peer mentoring positively helps the academic and personal path of medical students.

Effects of a Group-based Parenting Support Program for Infant and Toddler Parents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

PURPOSE: Group-based interventions help the members of the parent group work together to share their parenting stress, provide opportunities for them to support each other emotionally and informatively, and allow them to achieve what they want to accomplish. The purpose of this study is to investigate and synthesize the outcome of a parenting support program for infant and toddler parents. METHODS: Published randomized control trials were identified through Ovid-Medline, Embase and CINAHL DB. Eligible studies include articles published between 2008 and 2018 in English in the randomized controlled trial design in which parenting support programs were implemented for infant and toddler parents group. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies was selected for this review. These programs reported large level of effect size for parenting, and middle level effect size for parent's psycho-social outcomes and child development. There were many programs conducted for parents with infants between 13 and 24 months, and the frequency of programs provided for 2 hours a week was high with 9 to 12 sessions. Most programs were facilitated by trained professionals including nurses and social workers except two programs led by lay persons. CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates that group-based parenting support programs have positive effects on parenting, parent's psychosocial health and infant development. To disseminate the effective group-based parenting support programs, further research is needed to confirm the long term effect and develop nurse's role as a group facilitator.

The Effects of Utilizing Smartphone Application Peer Support on Health Behavior and Body Mass Index among Breast Cancer Survivors

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the effects of utilizing Smartphone Application Peer Support (SAPS) on health behavior and body mass index (BMI) among overweight or obese breast cancer survivors (BCS). METHODS: A nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design was utilized and 36 participants (experimental group 14, control group 22) were recruited from August 2017 to September 2018. Participants were 40~65 years old, overweight or obese, had completed primary cancer treatment within the 12 months prior to the study, and had not done regular exercise during the last 6 months. The 3-month SAPS consisted of exercise and diet education (once p/2 weeks), peer support (once p/week), and self-monitoring using smartphone applications (5 times p/week). All participants underwent assessments at baseline, right after SAPS, and at 3 months after SAPS. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: At the completion of SAPS significant differences were found between groups in motivation for exercise (t=−3.24, p=.005), physical activity (t=−4.15, p<.001), total calorie intake (t=3.42, p=.002), calories from fat (t=−3.01, p=.005), intake of vegetables (t=−2.83, p=.008), and BMI (t=5.21, p<.001). Significant differences in BMI (t=4.13, p<.001) remained up to 3 months after SAPS completion. No significant differences was shown between groups in self-efficacy for exercise, either immediately after or 3 months after SAPS. CONCLUSION: The SAPS has the potential to improve motivation for exercise, health behavior, and BMI of BCS. However, special efforts are required to encourage participants to complete the intervention and maintain long-term effects for future trials.

Management mode of HIV infection and antiviral therapy adherence in Jing'an District, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

[Objective]To ascertain the status and related factors of antiretroviral therapy adherence and analyze the influence of management mode on adherence in HIV infected patients in Jing' an District, Shanghai. [Methods]We recruited 150 HIV infected patients who participated in the "peer group care"activities (target group) and those from another 150 patients who did not (control group) but received antiviral treatment during the period from 2015 to 2016 (221 cases in total) into the study. We collected data on general conditions, behavioral way, antiretroviral therapy adherence, life quality, social support, mental status and medical coping modes, and analyzed the related factors of antiretroviral therapy adherence by linear regression model. [Results]The 221 HIV infected patients were included, with 124 in target group and 97 in control group. The proportion of good antiretroviral therapy adherence was 86.0％, with 91.9％ in target group and 78.4％ in control group. Multiple analysis showed that the related factors of antiretroviral therapy adherence were management mode (β = 1.871, P < 0.001) , disposable income per month (β = 0.600, P = 0.001) , social support utilization (β = 0.174, P = 0.044) and yield attitude of medical coping modes (β =-0.153, P = 0.003). [Conclusion]Antiretroviral therapy adherence of HIV infected patients in Jing'an District should be further improved. "Peer group level care and management mode"could effectively promote the increase of antiretroviral therapy adherence; however, it should be improved and perfected in the aspects of its coverage and content.

Efectos de la educación grupal realizada por pares sobre los niveles de miedo, ansiedad y depresión de los pacientes sometidos a angiografía coronaria / Efeitos da educação grupal realizada por pares sobre os níveis de medo, ansiedade e depressão dos pacientes submetidos a angiografia coronária / Effects of a peer- led group education on fear, anxiety and depression levels of patients undergoing coronary angiography

Objective. To investigate the effect of the peer group education on the fear, anxiety and depression levels of the patients undergoing angiography. Methods. In this clinical trial, 70 patients referred to Vali-E-Asr clinic of Fasa (Iran) for undergoing coronary angiography were selected by random sampling and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n=35) received the necessary instructions about coronary angiography by those in a trained peer group (Two former patients, having experienced in the procedure), while in the control group (n=35) the routine instructions were presented by the department's nurses. The levels of fear, anxiety and depression of the patients were measured both before and after conducting this intervention. Results. The mean score of the patients' fear and anxiety after the intervention of the peers in the experimental group was reduced compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). But for the mean of the score of the depression test, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups after the intervention. Conclusion. The results of this study showed that utilizing the peer group education is effective for reducing the fear and anxiety of patients undergoing coronary angiography. (AU)

Objetivo. Investigar el efecto de la educación grupal realizada por pares sobre los niveles de miedo, ansiedad y depresión de los pacientes sometidos a angiografía. Métodos. En este ensayo clínico, 70 pacientes remitidos a la clínica Vali-E-Asr de Fasa (Irán) para someterse a una angiografía coronaria se seleccionaron por muestreo aleatorio y divididos en dos grupos. El grupo experimental (n=35) recibió las instrucciones sobre la angiografía coronaria por parte de pares (dos pacientes que habían sido sometidos previamente a angiografía), mientras que al grupo de control (n=35) las enfermeras del departamento les brindaron la instrucción de rutina. Los niveles de miedo, ansiedad y depresión de los pacientes se midieron antes y después de realizar esta intervención. Resultados. La puntuación media del miedo y la ansiedad de los pacientes después de la educación grupal efectuada por los pares en el grupo experimental fue menor en comparación con la del grupo control (p<0.05), pero para la media del puntaje de la prueba de depresión no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos. Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que la utilización de los pares para la educación grupal de los pacientes que serán sometidos a angiografía coronaria es efectiva para reducir el miedo y la ansiedad. (AU)

Objetivo. Investigar o efeito da educação grupal realizada por pares sobre os níveis de medo, ansiedade e depressão dos pacientes submetidos a angiografia. Métodos. Neste ensaio clínico, 70 pacientes remitidos à clínica Vali-E-Asr de Fasa (Irão) para submeter-se a uma angiografia coronária foram selecionados por amostragem aleatório e divididos em dois grupos. O grupo experimental (n=35) recebeu as instruções sobre a angiografia coronária por parte de pares (dois pacientes que haviam sido submetidos previamente a angiografia), enquanto que ao grupo de controle (n=35) as enfermeiras do departamento lhes brindaram a instrução de rotina. Os níveis de medo, ansiedade e depressão dos pacientes se mediram antes e depois de realizar esta intervenção. Resultados. A pontuação média do medo e a ansiedade dos pacientes depois da educação grupal efetuada pelos pares no grupo experimental foi menor em comparação com a do grupo de controle (p<0.05), mas para a média da pontuação da prova de depressão, não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos. Conclusão. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a utilização dos pares para a educação grupal dos pacientes que serão submetidos a angiografia coronária é efetiva para reduzir o medo e a ansiedade. (AU)

Influence of Nurse Manager and Peer Group Caring Behaviors as Perceived by Nurses on Intention to Retention / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the influence of nurse manager and peer group caring behaviors as perceived by nurses on intention to retention. METHODS: The participants for this study were 229 nurses who had worked for over 6 months in general hospitals located in J province. Survey data were analyzed descriptive statistics and t-tests, ANOVAs with Scheffé's post-hoc testing, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The scores for ‘manager and peer group caring behaviors’ and intention to retention were all at a moderate level, although the subjects perceived ‘peer group caring behaviors’ as higher compared to ‘manager caring behaviors’. There were significant differences in ‘manager caring behaviors’ scores by suitability for present working department and employment status and in ‘peer group caring behaviors’ scores by suitability for present working department. The factors influencing nurses' intention to retention were religion, suitability for present department, clinical experience of over ten years, ‘manager caring behaviors’, and ‘peer group caring behaviors’ CONCLUSION: To improve nurses' intention to retention, it may be necessary to alter the transfer and arrangement strategies of their working environments to better consider nurses' aptitude and competence, and thereby increase both manager and peer group caring behaviors.