RESUMO
Fluorine (F) is not an essential element for vegetation and excessive F can be phytotoxic to plant growth, which can cause fluorosis to human beings by ingesting F-contaminated plant. Although there have been some studies focusing on the toxicity of F to plants and the retarding effect of Ca to F-stress plant, atmospheric F contamination to vegetation and the role of the application of foliar Ca are scantly reported. This study investigated several biochemical parameters to evaluate F toxicity under both F-exposure (root and leaf F-exposure) and the remedial effects of foliar Ca. The results showed that F concentration of pakchoi leaves was correlated with exogenous F level positively in both foliar and root F-exposure series, and F concentration of pakchoi roots was only changed under root F-exposure treatments. Ca supplement (0.5 g/L and 1 g/L) significantly decreased plant F concentration. Both F-exposure treatments caused lipid peroxidation in plants and exogenous Ca alleviated the toxicity of F to pakchoi. Meanwhile, chlorophyll-a concentration was decreased by foliar and root F, whereas chlorophyll-b concentration was only affected by foliar F, and chlorophyll-a concentration could be elevated by exogenous Ca but chlorophyll-b could not. It was concluded that both atmospheric and root F can impair pakchoi growth and disturb photosynthesis, and foliar Ca showed an ameliorative effect to F toxicity of pakchoi through alleviating chlorophyll decomposition, increasing protein content and alleviating oxidative damage.
Assuntos
Clorofila , Flúor , Humanos , Flúor/toxicidade , Clorofila/metabolismo , Fotossíntese , Estresse Oxidativo , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMO
Soils in large areas of China are enriched in fluorine (F). The present study analyzed F concentrations in cultivated soil, water, chemical fertilizer, and human hair, and metal concentrations in soils from an endemic fluorosis area in Southwest, China. In order to reveal the effects of industry on F concentration in the environment, 3 towns mainly with agriculture production and another 3 towns with developed phosphorus chemical industry in a same city were selected for sample collection. The total F concentrations of the 277 surface agricultural soil samples were 378.79-1576.13 µg g-1, and F concentrations of nearly 95% of the soil samples were higher than the Chinese average topsoil F concentration (480 µg g-1). Only a small fraction (0.75%) of total F was water soluble. The average total F, water soluble F, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Rb, and Sr concentrations in soil samples from towns with intensive industry were higher than those from towns mainly with agriculture. Significant correlations were found between soil pH with total F (p < 0.01) and with water soluble F concentration (p < 0.1). Low F concentrations (<0.5 mg L-1) were found in irrigation water, well water and tap water in a town where the industry is dense. The phosphorus fertilizer and compound fertilizer had hundreds of times of contribution to soil F increment than the nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. Nearly half percent of F in the human hair samples was of exogenic origin. Based on soil ingestion pathway, the health risk for adults exposure to F in soils was acceptable, however, F may pose possible health risks to children in high F concentration areas.
Assuntos
Flúor , Poluentes do Solo , Adulto , Agricultura , Criança , China , Fertilizantes/análise , Flúor/análise , Flúor/toxicidade , Humanos , Solo , Poluentes do Solo/análiseRESUMO
Fluorine can flow into the environment after leakage or spill accidents and these excessive amounts can cause adverse effects on terrestrial ecosystems. Using three media (filter paper, soil, and filter-paper-on-soil), we investigated the toxic effects of fluorine on the germination and growth of crops (barley, mung bean, sorghum, and wheat), on the activities of soil exoenzymes (acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase, and urease) and on the survival, abnormality, and cytotoxicity of Eisenia andrei earthworms. The germination and growth of crops were affected by fluorine as exposure concentration increased. The activities of the four enzymes after 0-, 3-, 10-, and 20-day periods varied as exposure concentration increased. According to in vivo and in vitro earthworm assays, E. andrei mortality, abnormality, and cytotoxicity increased with increasing fluorine concentration. Overall, fluorine significantly affected each tested species in the concentration ranges used in this study. The activities of soil exoenzymes were also affected by soil fluorine concentration, although in an inconsistent manner. Albeit the abnormally high concentrations of fluorine in soil compared to that observed under natural conditions, its toxicity was much restrained possibly due to the adsorption of fluorine on soil particles and its combination with soil cations.
Assuntos
Produtos Agrícolas/efeitos dos fármacos , Flúor/toxicidade , Hidrolases/análise , Oligoquetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Solo/química , Fosfatase Ácida/análise , Adsorção , Animais , Arilsulfatases/análise , Ecossistema , Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos , Urease/análiseRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: 5F-ADBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, and STS-135 are 3 novel third-generation fluorinate synthetic cannabinoids that are illegally marketed as incense, herbal preparations, or research chemicals for their psychoactive cannabis-like effects. METHODS: The present study aims at investigating the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity of 5F-ADBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, and STS-135 in male CD-1 mice, comparing their in vivo effects with those caused by the administration of Δ9 -THC and JWH-018. In vitro competition binding experiments revealed a nanomolar affinity and potency of the 5F-ADBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, and STS-135 on mouse and human CB1 and CB2 receptors. Moreover, these synthetic cannabinoids induced neurotoxicity in murine neuro-2a cells. RESULTS: In vivo studies showed that 5F-ADBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, and STS-135 induced hypothermia; increased pain threshold to both noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli; caused catalepsy; reduced motor activity; impaired sensorimotor responses (visual, acoustic, and tactile); caused seizures, myoclonia, and hyperreflexia; and promoted aggressiveness in mice. Behavioral and neurological effects were fully prevented by the selective CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist AM 251. Differently, the visual sensory response induced by STS-135 was only partly prevented by the AM 251, suggesting a CB1 -independent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, the present study demonstrates the pharmaco-toxicological effects induced by the administration of 5F-ADBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, and STS-135 in mice and suggests their possible detrimental effects on human health.
Assuntos
Adamantano/análogos & derivados , Canabinoides/toxicidade , Drogas Desenhadas/toxicidade , Indazóis/toxicidade , Indóis/toxicidade , Adamantano/química , Adamantano/toxicidade , Animais , Células CHO , Canabinoides/química , Células Cultivadas , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Drogas Desenhadas/química , Flúor/química , Flúor/toxicidade , Humanos , Indazóis/química , Indóis/química , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Locomoção/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICRRESUMO
This study investigated the effects of four structurally different quaternary ammonium salts (QASs), i.e., tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate [TBA][BF4], tetrahexylammonium tetrafluoroborate [THA][BF4], tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate [TBA][PF6], and tetrahexylammonium hexafluorophosphate [THA][PF6], on the growth and development of three weed species: gallant soldier (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.), white goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.). The examined compounds were applied in the form of foliar spraying and soil application. Strong herbicidal properties of the examined compounds were demonstrated in case of their soil application. Growth inhibition of plant shoots and roots was greater with soil application than with foliar treatment. The strongest herbicidal activity of compounds was demonstrated with [TBA][BF4] have demonstrated [TBA][BF4] and [TBA][PF6] applied to the soil, while [THA][BF4] demonstrated the weakest herbicidal action. The increased concentration of applied QASs caused a decrease in the assimilation pigments, change in dry weight content and inhibition of length of shoots and roots.
Assuntos
Flúor/toxicidade , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Plantas Daninhas/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/toxicidade , Sais/toxicidade , Flúor/química , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brotos de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/química , Sais/químicaRESUMO
Coal is one of the major energy resources in China, accounting for approximately 70 % of primary energy consumption. Many environmental problems and human health risks arise during coal exploitation, utilization, and waste disposal, especially in the remote mountainous areas of western China (e.g., eastern Yunnan, western Guizhou and Hubei, and southern Shaanxi). In this paper, we report a thorough review of the environmental and human health impacts related to coal utilization in China. The abundance of the toxic trace elements such as F, As, Se, and Hg in Chinese coals is summarized. The environmental problems (i.e., water, soil, and air pollution) that are related to coal utilization are outlined. The provenance, distributions, typical symptoms, sources, and possible pathways of endemic fluorosis, arsenism, and selenosis due to improper coal usage (briquettes mixed with high-F clay, mineralized As-rich coal, and Se-rich stone coal) are discussed in detail. In 2010, 14.8, 1.9 million, and 16,000 Chinese people suffered from dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and arsenism, respectively. Finally, several suggestions are proposed for the prevention and treatment for endemic problems caused by coal utilization.
Assuntos
Carvão Mineral , Meio Ambiente , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Saúde Pública , Arsênio/toxicidade , Intoxicação por Arsênico/etiologia , China , Carvão Mineral/análise , Flúor/toxicidade , Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Humanos , Mercúrio/toxicidade , Selênio/toxicidade , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Poluição da ÁguaRESUMO
In 2008, a maize underproduction disaster occurred in the Xianyu village after irrigation using the coal mining water from the Xingdong Mine, China. This disaster resulted in about 40 hectare maize underproduction and 20 hectare total loss of the maize yields. In order to study the reason, a total of 25 soil, water and plant samples were taken from the study area. These samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. The results indicate that the contents of both water-soluble fluorine and total fluorine are very high and resulting of maize underproduction and total loss of production. The possible pollution sources of fluorine in the study area could be from the coal mine water used for irrigation and glass chemical factory near the study area.
Assuntos
Irrigação Agrícola/métodos , Minas de Carvão , Flúor/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Zea mays , China , Produtos Agrícolas/química , Produtos Agrícolas/efeitos dos fármacos , Produtos Agrícolas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fluoretos/análise , Flúor/toxicidade , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Metais Pesados/análise , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Águas Residuárias/análise , Águas Residuárias/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Zea mays/química , Zea mays/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most widely used photocatalysts for the degradation of organic contaminants in water and air. Visible light (VL) activated sulfur-doped TiO2 (S-TiO2) and nitrogen-fluorine-codoped TiO2 (N-F-TiO2) were synthesized by sol-gel methods and characterized. Their photoinactivation performance was tested against Escherichia coli under solar simulated light (SSL) and VL irradiation with comparison to commercially available TiO2. Undoped Degussa-Evonik P-25 (P-25) and Sigma-TiO2 showed the highest photocatalytic activity toward E. coli inactivation under SSL irradiation, while S-TiO2 showed a moderate toxicity. After VL irradiation, Sigma-TiO2 showed higher photoinactivation, whereas S-TiO2 and P-25 showed moderate toxicity. Oxidative stress to E. coli occurred via formation of hydroxyl radicals leading to lipid peroxidation as the primary mechanism of bacterial inactivation. Various other biological models, including human keratinocytes (HaCaT), zebrafish liver cells (ZFL), and zebrafish embryos were also used to study the toxicity of TiO2 NPs. In conclusion, N-F-TiO2 did not show any toxicity based on the assay results from all the biological models used in this study, whereas S-TiO2 was toxic to zebrafish embryos under all the test conditions. These findings also demonstrate that the tested TiO2 nanoparticles do not show any adverse effects in HaCaT and ZFL cells.
Assuntos
Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos da radiação , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Fotólise , Titânio/farmacologia , Titânio/toxicidade , Animais , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Flúor/química , Flúor/farmacologia , Flúor/toxicidade , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Luz , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Nitrogênio/química , Nitrogênio/farmacologia , Nitrogênio/toxicidade , Espectroscopia Fotoeletrônica , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Enxofre/química , Enxofre/farmacologia , Enxofre/toxicidade , Luz Solar , Titânio/química , Difração de Raios X , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismoRESUMO
The mechanisms of intracellular defense and activity of free radical oxidation in the myocardium were studied in the dynamics of chronic fluorine intoxication. At the early stages of fluorine intoxication (day 3-week 3), the concentrations of defense proteins HIF-1α, HSC73, and HOx-2 and activity of the main metabolic enzymes increased, which promoted maintenance of cardiomyocyte structure and function at the normal physiological level. At late stages of fluorine intoxication (weeks 6 and 9), metabolic changes in the myocardium attest to high strain of the adaptive mechanisms.
Assuntos
Flúor/toxicidade , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Miocárdio/enzimologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatase Alcalina/biossíntese , Animais , Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Flúor/farmacologia , Glicólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSC70/análise , Heme Oxigenase (Desciclizante)/biossíntese , Hidroxibutirato Desidrogenase/biossíntese , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/análise , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/biossíntese , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , gama-Glutamiltransferase/biossínteseRESUMO
A large number of fluorosis and arseniasis cases appeared in a mountainous area in northwest China. The residents relied on local inferior coal ("bone coal") of high fluorine and arsenic content for domestic heating and cooking. For deep-inside information about this rare case of co-endemia of fluorosis and arseniasis in the population in this special exposure scenario, a field investigation in one of the hyperendemic townships was conducted. The resident population registered (n = 27,713) was enrolled in the investigation. All cases were diagnosed and assigned to three symptom severity groups, that is severe, medium, and mild according to Chinese National Standard Criteria GB 16396-96 and to the technical guideline WS/T208-01 or WS/T211-01 issued by the Chinese Ministry of Health. Gender difference was analyzed by standardized incidence ratio. Age trend and severity trend were tested by χ(2) analysis. Fluorosis was diagnosed in 56.7% of the residents. Over 95% of the diagnosed arseniasis cases were simultaneously diagnosed with fluorosis symptoms. Combined fluorosis-arseniasis represented 11.9% of the total fluorosis cases and 6.7% of the local population. No gender-related differences in the prevalence of skeletal, dental, or dermal symptoms inside all severity groups were detected. Symptom severity increased with age. The high frequency of superposition of arseniasis with fluorosis might be due to the fact that the local resident population has been exposed to very high levels of fluorine and arsenic via the same exposure route.
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/estatística & dados numéricos , Intoxicação por Arsênico/epidemiologia , Arsênio/toxicidade , Carvão Mineral/toxicidade , Flúor/toxicidade , Fluorose Dentária/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Intoxicação por Arsênico/etiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , China/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Calefação/efeitos adversos , Calefação/métodos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , População Rural , Distribuição por Sexo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Fluoride is a natural element widely distributed in the environment and plays an important role in the growth of humans and animals. However, in many species, high concentrations of fluoride induce several problems, such as dental, skeletal, and non-skeletal fluorosis. Sheep living in endemic areas are sensitive to the chronic toxicity of fluoride, and they have been found to suffer not only from teeth and bone problems but also from other organs. Studies indicating the chronic harmful effects of fluoride on teeth, bones, blood biochemical parameters, kidney, liver, heart, reproductive system and growth in sheep have been clearly summarized in this review. Besides, this work also includes updated progress in terms of prevention or reduction of fluoride toxicity in this species.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Doenças Ósseas/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais , Doenças Endêmicas/veterinária , Flúor/toxicidade , Fluorose Dentária/veterinária , Minerais/administração & dosagem , Doenças dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Ração Animal , Animais , Doenças Ósseas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Ósseas/diagnóstico , Doenças Ósseas/prevenção & controle , Doenças Endêmicas/prevenção & controle , Fluorose Dentária/diagnóstico , Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Fluorose Dentária/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Proteção , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/induzido quimicamente , Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnósticoRESUMO
It has been reported that sodium fluoride suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in osteoblasts. However, the details about the mechanism at work in bone metabolism are limited. In this study, we further investigated the mechanisms of NaF on proliferation and apoptosis in the primary cultured mouse osteoblasts, which were exposed to different concentration of NaF (10(-6)-5 × 10(-4) M). We examined the effect of NaF on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and the protein level of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in osteoblasts. All the tested NaF inhibited proliferation and arrested cell cycle at S phase in osteoblasts, and further demonstrated to induce apoptosis in osteoblasts. On the other hand, we found that NaF increased oxidative stress and decreased protein expression of IGF-I. Our study herein suggested that NaF caused proliferation suppression, and apoptosis may contribute to decrease IGF-I expression and increased oxidative stress damage by NaF in the primary mouse osteoblasts.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/citologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Animais , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Flúor/metabolismo , Flúor/toxicidade , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A review of the literature of the element fluorine and its bonded-form, fluoride, was undertaken. Generally regarded as safe, an expanding body of literature reveals that fluoride's toxicity has been unappreciated, un-scrutinized, and hidden for over 70 years. The context for the literature search and review was an environmental climate-change study, which demonstrated widespread fluoride contamination by smokestack emissions from coal-fired electricity-generating plants. The objective of this review is to educate and inform regarding the ubiquitous presence and harmful nature of this now ever-present corrosive and reactive toxin. METHODS: Methods include examination of national health agency reviews, primarily the National Research Council (NRC), Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR), standard medical toxicology references, text books, as well as reports and documents from both private and public research as well as consumer-based NGOs. Study criteria were chosen for relevancy to the subject of the toxicity of fluoride. RESULTS: Fluoride is the extreme electron scavenger, the most corrosive of all elements, as well as the most-reactive. Fluoride appears to attack living tissues, via several mechanisms. Fluoride renders strong evidence that it is a non-biological chemical, demonstrating no observed beneficial function or role in organic chemistry, beyond use as a pesticide or insecticide. Fluorine has a strong role to play in industry, having been utilized extensively in metals, plastics, paints, aluminium, steel, and uranium production. CONCLUSION: Due to its insatiable appetite for calcium, fluorine and fluorides likely represent a form of chemistry that is incompatible with biological tissues and organ system functions. Based on an analysis of the affects of fluoride demonstrated consistently in the literature, safe levels have not been determined nor standardized. Mounting evidence presents conflicting value to its presence in biological settings and applications. Evidence examined in this review of the literature, and specifically the recent report by the National Research Council (NRC), offer strong support for an immediate reconsideration concerning risk vs benefit. Consensus recommendations from several sources are presented.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Fluoretos/toxicidade , Flúor/toxicidade , Animais , Cálcio/química , Indústria Química , Feminino , Fluoretos/química , Fluoretos/farmacocinética , Flúor/química , Flúor/farmacocinética , Órgãos Governamentais , Humanos , Masculino , National Academy of Sciences, U.S. , Saúde Pública , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco , Testes de Toxicidade , Estados Unidos , United States Dept. of Health and Human ServicesRESUMO
The presented review summarizes literature data on pathways of the inorganic fluoride intake into the plant, animal, and human organisms, on its metabolism, distribution, and accumulation in the organism, forms of fluoride in biological tissues, toxic effects of fluoride on physiological and reproductive functions of living organisms of various phylogenetic groups, as well as clinical symptoms of deficient and excessive fluoride intake into the human organism.
Assuntos
Flúor/metabolismo , Flúor/toxicidade , Animais , Fluoretação , Flúor/deficiência , Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Fluorose Dentária/metabolismo , Humanos , Filogenia , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To research the effect of fluorine on the expression of Fas protein, then study the mechanism of male reproductive toxicity induced by fluoride on molecular level. METHODS: Thirty Wistar male rats were divided into control group, low-dose group and high-dose group. The NaF dosage for every group were 0,2 and 4g/L. The content of NaF in testis was measured by using fluorine selective electrode. Changes of testosterone and Fas protein were observed using the methods of radioimmunoassay, in situ hybridization. In addition, we observed the quality of spermatozoa. RESULTS: The testis fluoride content of two fluorine treatment groups were higher than that of control group (P < 0.05), and had a dose-dependent effect. The level of testosterone, the number and the livability of the spermatozoon in fluorotic groups were lower than those of control rats (P < 0.05), and the above indexes decreased with the incrase of dosage. The expression of Fas in spermatogenic cells and the sperm aberration of each fluorotic group were higher than control group (P < 0.05), both of them increased with the increase of dosage. CONCLUSION: Fluorin could reduce the level of serum testosterone, then activated the Fas/FasL system, which caused damage to the reprodutive system.
Assuntos
Flúor/toxicidade , Espermatogônias/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Receptor fas/metabolismo , Animais , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espermatogônias/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of fluorine on the transcription level of androgen binding protein (ABP) and inhibin B (INHB) mRNA in testis sertoli cells of Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS: A method was set up the model to culture the Sertoli cells. Use a series of concentrations of NaF solutions of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/L to poison the cells and then, measure the relative expression amount of ABP and INHB mRNA by RT-PCR method. RESULTS: (1) Compare the relative expression amount of ABP mRNA of each group of different concentration with the control group. 2.5 mg/L group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference has the statistical significance (P < 0.05). The 5.0 mg/L group was also higher than that of the control group, and the difference has no statistical significance (P > 0.05). (2) Compare the relative expression amount of INH B mRNA of each group of different concentration with the control group. Both the 2.5 mg/L group and the 5.0 mg/L group were higher than that in the control group, and the difference has the statistical significance (P < 0.05). The rest 2 groups were lower than that in the control group and the difference has no statistical significance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In the range of concentrations between 2.5 and 20.0 mg/L, no distinct influence of fluorine on the expression of androgen binding protein (ABP) and inhibin B (INHB) mRNA in testis sertoli cells of Sprague Dawley rats.
Assuntos
Proteína de Ligação a Androgênios/metabolismo , Flúor/toxicidade , Inibinas/metabolismo , Células de Sertoli/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação a Androgênios/genética , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibinas/genética , Masculino , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Células de Sertoli/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Due to potential adverse effects of excessive fluorine (F), interests regarding considerable accumulation of F in agricultural soils from application of fertilizers are increasing continually. However, less detailed information of hazard and risk of F in fertilizers to human directly by hand-to-mouth pathway can be obtained. Herein, the bioaccessibility of F (Fbio) in fertilizers is determined by Biomimetic Whole Digestion-Plasma in-vitro Method (BWDPM), which is developed to detect the behaviour of bioaccessible F in both the whole digestive system and plasma for the first time. Observations of higher Fbio in small intestinal phases (4.35-56.33%), large intestine (1.01-40.52%) and plasma (8.07-66.70%) yielded them as the major phases which are faced with higher exposure risk of F. Compared with phosphate fertilizer, more bioaccessible F was observed in compound fertilizer. Some studied factors, such as sweat and food, yield insignificant influences on Fbio, whereas can affect the exposure estimations of F considerably. Exposure risks based on Fbio of fertilizers should be highly concerned, especially the occupational exposure to local farmers. In a word, more explicit and realistic information of the potential risk of F on human health could be obtained by the introduction of Fbio.
Assuntos
Biomimética , Fertilizantes , Flúor/toxicidade , Medição de Risco , Administração Oral , Flúor/análise , Flúor/sangue , HumanosRESUMO
A previous study from our team found that continuous exposure to fluorine combined with aluminum (FA) impaired the neurobehavioral reflexes, spatial learning, and memory of offspring rats. To date, the specific mechanisms for these changes are unclear. Here, high-throughput sequencing was utilized to analyze the microRNA (miRNA) profile of the hippocampi in the offspring of rats exposed to FA during the embryonic stage and into adulthood through tap water supplemented with NaF and AlCl3 at concentrations of (0, 0); (60, 600); (120, 600); and (240, 600) mg/L, respectively. qRT-PCR was performed to validate the reliability of the sequence data. Twenty differentially expressed miRNAs were selected for further analysis using bioinformatics tools. Several genes related to neuromodulation were found to be regulated by miR-10a-5p, miR-34b-5p, and miR-182, which might be harmful to normal nerve function. The protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) in hippocampus were markedly downregulated. These data suggest that miR-10a-5p, miR-34b-5p, and miR-182 and BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway are involved in mechanisms of hippocampal damage in the offspring of rats exposed to FA. HIGHLIGHTS: ⢠Multiple miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in offspring rat hippocampus after fluorine combined with aluminum (FA) exposure. ⢠Twenty differentially expressed miRNAs might mediate FA-induced developmental neurotoxicity. ⢠MiR-10a-5p, miR-34b-5p, and miR-182 were closely related to neurotoxic signaling of FA. ⢠The BDNF-TrkB learning and memory-associated pathway was downregulated in the hippocampus after FA exposure.
Assuntos
Alumínio/toxicidade , Flúor/toxicidade , Hipocampo/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Feminino , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Receptor trkB/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Aprendizagem Espacial/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Transplants of the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum were placed under shade, and with an auto irrigation system, at five sites in the surroundings of an aluminium smelter to enable study of the possible effects of F on different physiological parameters after exposure periods of 28 and 56 days. Reference thresholds for the content of Chl a+b and for the pigment indexes of Chl a/b and D665/D665a were established with the data corresponding to 22 transplants of each duration of exposure, at seven sites where there was little or no contamination by F. The highest determination coefficients for the levels of F in moss were those obtained for chlorophyll content (Chl a+b) and the D665/D665a pigment index, with the effects being most evident in the transplants exposed to the contamination for 56 days.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/toxicidade , Briófitas/efeitos dos fármacos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Flúor/toxicidade , Metalurgia , Alumínio , Briófitas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Clorofila/análise , Exposição Ambiental , Fotossíntese , Pigmentação , EspanhaRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the biocompatibility of a group of new potential dental materials and their eluants by assessing cell viability. METHODOLOGY: Calcium sulpho-aluminate cement (CSA), calcium fluoro-aluminate cement (CFA) and glass-ionomer cement (GIC; Ketac Molar), used as the control, were tested for biocompatibility. Using a direct test method cell viability was measured quantitatively using alamarBluetrade mark dye, and an indirect test method where cells were grown on material elutions and cell viability was assessed using methyltetrazolium (MTT) assay as recommended by ISO 10 993-Part 5 for in vitro testing. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance and Tukey multi-comparison test method. RESULTS: Elution collected from the prototype cements and the GIC cured for 1 and 7 days allowed high cell activity after 24 h cell exposure, which reduced after 48 h when compared to the nontoxic glass-ionomer control, but increased significantly after 72 h cell contact. Elutions collected after 28 days revealed reduced cell activity at all cell exposure times. Cells placed in direct contact with the prototype materials showed reduced cell activity when compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS: Cell growth was poor when seeded in direct contact with the prototype cements. GIC encouraged cell growth after 1 day of contact. The eluted species for all the cements tested exhibited adequate cell viability in the early ages with reduced cell activity at 28 days. Changes in the production of calcium hydroxide as a by-product of cement hydration affect the material biocompatibility adversely.