Effect of insulin degludec versus sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on oral antidiabetic agents.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The efficacy and safety of insulin degludec (IDeg), a new basal insulin with an ultra-long duration of action, was compared to sitagliptin (Sita) in a 26-week, open-label trial. METHODS: Insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes [n = 458, age 56 years, diabetes duration 7.7 years, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 8.9% (74 mmol/mol)] were randomized (1 1) to once-daily IDeg or Sita (100 mg orally) as add-on to stable treatment with 1 or 2 oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). RESULTS: Superiority of IDeg to Sita in improving HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was confirmed [estimated treatment difference (ETD) IDeg-Sita for HbA1c -0.43%-points [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.61; -0.24, p < 0.0001] and for FPG -2.17 mmol/l (95% CI -2.59; -1.74, p < 0.0001)]. HbA1c < 7% (<53 mmol/mol) was achieved by 41% (IDeg) versus 28% (Sita) of patients, estimated odds ratio IDeg/Sita 1.60 (95% CI 1.04; 2.47, p = 0.034). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia between IDeg and Sita [0.52 vs. 0.30 episodes/patient-year, estimated rate ratio (ERR) IDeg/Sita 1.93 (95% CI 0.90; 4.10, p = 0.09)]. Rates of overall confirmed hypoglycaemia were higher with IDeg than with Sita [3.1 vs. 1.3 episodes/patient-year, ERR IDeg/Sita 3.81 (95% CI 2.40; 6.05, p < 0.0001)]. IDeg was associated with a greater change in body weight than Sita [ETD IDeg-Sita 2.75 kg (95% CI 1.97; 3.54, p < 0.0001)]. The overall rates of adverse events were low and similar for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients unable to achieve good glycaemic control on OAD(s), treatment intensification with IDeg offers an effective, well-tolerated alternative to the addition of a second or third OAD.