Ecotoxic effects of loratadine and its metabolic and light-induced derivatives.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
; 170: 664-672, 2019 Apr 15.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30579167
ABSTRACT
Loratadine and desloratadine are second-generation antihistaminic drugs. Because of human administration, they are continuously released via excreta into wastewater treatment plants and occur in surface waters as residues and transformation products (TPs). Loratadine and desloratadine residues have been found at very low concentrations (ng/L) in the aquatic environment but their toxic effects are still not well known. Both drugs are light-sensitive even under environmentally simulated conditions and some of the photoproducts have been isolated and characterized. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute and chronic ecotoxicity of loratadine, desloratadine and their light-induced transformation products in organisms of the aquatic trophic chain. Bioassays were performed in the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and in two crustaceans, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Ceriodaphnia dubia. Loratadine exerted its acute and chronic toxicity especially on Ceriodaphnia dubia (LC50 600⯵g/L, EC50 28.14⯵g/L) while desloratadine showed similar acute toxicity among the organisms tested and it was the most chronically effective compound in Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Generally, transformation products were less active in both acute and chronic assays.
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Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article