Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure and Childhood Leukemia: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT

Objective: Leukemia is the most prevalent cancer among children and adolescents. This study investigated the potential association between exposure to magnetic fields and the risk of pediatric leukemia. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases, including Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Medline, up to December 15, 2022, to identify relevant studies examining the link between childhood leukemia and magnetic field exposure. Results: The first meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant inverse association between pediatric leukemia and magnetic field strengths ranging from 0.4 µT to 0.2 µT, suggesting a reduced risk associated with this range. The second meta-analysis focused on wiring configuration codes and observed a potential link between residential magnetic field exposure and childhood leukemia. Pooled relative risk estimates were 1.52 (95% CI = 1.05-2.04, P = .021) and 1.58 (95% CI = 1.15-2.23, P = .006) for exposure to 24-hour magnetic field measurements, suggesting a possible causal relationship. In the third meta-analysis, the odds ratios for the exposure groups of 0.1 to 0.2 µT, 0.2 to 0.3 µT, 0.3 to 0.4 µT, and 0.4 µT above 0.2 µT were 1.09 (95% confidence interval = 0.82 to 1.43 µT), 1.14 (95% confidence interval = 0.68 to 1.92 µT), and 1.45 (95% confidence interval = 0.87 to 2.37 µT), respectively. In contrast to the findings of the three meta-analyses, there was no evidence of a statistically significant connection between exposure to 0.2 µT and the risk of juvenile leukemia. A further result showed no discernible difference between the two groups of children who lived less than 100 meters from the source of magnetic fields and those who lived closer (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 0.98-1.73 µT). Conclusions: The collective results of three meta-analyses, encompassing magnetic field strengths ranging from 0.1 µT to 2.38 µT, underscore a statistically significant association between the intensity of magnetic fields and the occurrence of childhood leukemia. However, one specific analysis concluded that no apparent relationship exists between exposure to 0.1 µT and an elevated risk of leukemia development in children.