Loss of disability-adjusted life years due to heat-related sleep disturbance in the Japanese.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to quantify the sleep disturbances caused by climate change using disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The revised sleep quality index for daily sleep (SQIDS2), a self-administered questionnaire for daily sleep quality, was developed to assess daily sleep disturbances. This questionnaire referenced and simplified the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). This study was conducted in Nagoya City in August 2011 and 2012. Sleep quality was measured using SQIDS2 and PSQI. A total of 574 participants in 2011 and 710 in 2012 responded to the survey. The sleep disturbance prevalence calculated from the SQIDS2 score was correlated with the daily minimum temperature (p = 0.0067). This score increased when the daily minimum temperature was above 24.8 °C. When correcting for the PSQI score, DALY loss due to heat-related sleep disturbances in Nagoya City (population 2,266,851) was estimated to be 81.8 years in 2012. This value was comparable to the DALY loss due to heatstroke. Sleep disturbance due to climate change was quantified using the DALY based on the PSQI. Legislators must recognize the critical impact of the damage caused by sleep disturbances due to high temperatures at night. Additionally, a daily minimum temperature of 25 °C should be the starting point when establishing a goal or guideline for nighttime temperature.