A Study of Prevalence of Renal Function Abnormalities and Their Association with the Individual Components of Metabolic Syndrome.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important emerging pandemics of the 21st century and is associated with renal dysfunction in a significant number of subjects, the association of which is shown to be of greater significance in the South Asian population. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of renal dysfunction in patients with MetS is the primary outcome. The secondary outcome is to assess the strength and significance of the association between the individual components of MetS and the presence of renal dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional observational study conducted for 2 years in a tertiary care hospital in India. A total of 100 diagnosed subjects of MetS were taken as cases and underwent relevant blood tests. Data were collected and analyzed in a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v29 sheet. RESULTS: Over a period of 18 months, 100 subjects with MetS were documented, among which 66% had albuminuria, with microalbuminuria being 24% and the rest being macroalbuminuria. Among the same subjects, 30% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/minute/1.73m2. Waist circumference (WC) [measured by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) protocol] had the strongest association with increased albuminuria (r = 0.540; p-value < 0.001) as well as reduced eGFR (r = 0.460; p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION: All the components of MetS, for example, increased WC, hypertension, increased fasting glucose, raised triglyceride (TG), and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), have statistically significant correlations with increased urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and decreased eGFR, signifying glomerular injury and renal dysfunction, respectively.