Association between coronary dominance pattern and left ventricular mass index: Is there a gender disparity?

BACKGROUND: Increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are independent predictors of adverse cardiovascular events. However, little is known regarding the association between coronary circulation and LVMI. We aimed to investigate the association between coronary dominance and LVMI, and to demonstrate the impact of coronary dominance pattern on the emergence of LVH. METHODS: In total, 367 consecutive patients without known cardiovascular disease and significant obstructive coronary artery disease who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography were prospectively included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups according to coronary dominance pattern. Patients with right dominance (RD), co-dominance (CD) and left dominance (LD) patterns were compared regarding echocardiographically detected LVMI. Additionally, the association between coronary dominance pattern and LVH was investigated. RESULTS: The frequency of RD, CD and LD patterns was 70.3%, 19.1% and 10.6%, respectively. LVMI was significantly higher in patients with CD pattern compared with those with RD and LD patterns (P < .001, for both comparisons). LVH was present in 71 (19.3%) patients. Importantly, the CD pattern was more frequent in patients with LVH compared with those without LVH (P < .001). No significant difference was found between women and men regarding the type of coronary dominance pattern. However, while the presence of CD pattern was found to be an independent predictor of LVH in women (OR:1.221, 95%CI:1.048-1.872, P < .001), no association was observed between coronary dominance pattern and LVH in men. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary dominance pattern may significantly affect the LVMI, and it may be useful in the further risk stratification of female patients.

The effect of dapagliflozin therapy on ventricular repolarization parameters in electrocardiography in patients with diabetic cardiovascular disease.

BACKGROUND: Dapagliflozin is an agent that has both antihyperglycemic effects and is significantly associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, there is insufficient data and information about the effect of dapagliflozin on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters. AIM: The effects of dapagliflozin on ventricular repolarization parameters have not been fully elucidated yet. This study aimed to investigate whether dapagliflozin has a positive effect on ventricular repolarization heterogeneity parameters in patients with type 2 DM. METHOD: We retrospectively enrolled 140 patients with a known diagnosis of type 2 DM who were newly prescribed dapagliflozin in addition to standard anti-diabetic therapy. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had cardiovascular disease (CVD). The effect of dapagliflozin treatment on ventricular repolarization parameters (frontal plane QRST angle, Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QTc, QTc, and QTc dispersion) was investigated, patient groups were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS: Among 140 patients, 70 (50 %) had CVD and 70 (50 %) did not have CVD. Dapagliflozin treatment resulted in significant reductions in ventricular repolarization parameters over the study period in the CVD group with diabetes. Mean fQRST angle, Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QTc, QTc, and QTc dispersion were significantly lower than baseline values at 6-month follow-up visits in the CVD group (61.61 ± 9.22° vs 52.55 ± 8.31°, 74.45 ± 16.06 msec vs 63.27 ± 13.99 msec, 0.19 ± 0.03 vs 0.16 ± 0.03, 384.12 ± 47.93 msec vs 356.15 ± 43.31 mesc, 55.28 ± 5.50 msec vs 48.08 ± 6.48 msec for all pairwise comparisons p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Similar antihyperglycemic effects were found with dapagliflozin treatment in patients with and without CVD. However, significant reductions in ventricular repolarization parameters were observed only in patients with CVD.

Electrocardiographic differences in patients with true and pseudo-resistant hypertension.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in hypertensives, and patients with true resistant hypertension have an increased risk for premature cardiovascular events. Electrocardiography (ECG) has an essential role in the monitoring of hypertensive heart disease; however, little is known about the importance of ECG parameters in patients with resistant hypertension. We aimed to investigate whether fragmented QRS (fQRS) and frontal plane QRS-T angle, which are novel ECG parameters indicating myocardial damage, predict true resistant hypertension in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure. Four hundred six hypertensive patients with resistant hypertension were prospectively enrolled for the study. Patients were divided into two groups as 'true resistant' or 'pseudo-resistant' hypertensives and compared regarding the ECG parameters. While 73 (18%) patients had true resistant hypertension, 333 (82%) patients had pseudo-resistant hypertension. The frequency of fQRS (47.9% vs. 20.1%, p < 0.001) and average frontal plane QRS-T angle (93.0° ± 19.7° vs. 53.8° ± 10.2°, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with true resistant hypertension compared to those with pseudo-resistant hypertension. Also, fQRS in anterior leads was significantly more frequent in patients with true resistant hypertension (57.1% vs. 23.8%, p < 0.001). Moreover, ROC curve analysis demonstrated that an increased frontal plane QRS-T angle > 90.75° predicted true resistant hypertension with a sensitivity 96% and specificity 61% (AUC:0.874, p < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that fQRS in anterior leads (OR: 1.251, 95% CI: 1.174-1.778, p = 0.002) and frontal plane QRS-T angle (OR: 1.388, 95% CI: 1.073-1.912, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of true resistant hypertension. In conclusion, fQRS and frontal plane QRS-T angle may be useful to predict true resistant hypertension in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure.

The relationship between radial artery spasm and adropin levels in patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography.

Introduction: Transradial coronary angiography (TRA) is associated with a lower incidence of bleeding rate and access site complications and is associated with better outcomes compared to transfemoral angiography. However, radial artery spasm (RAS) is an important limitation of TRA procedures. Little is known regarding the relationship of serum vasodilator and inflammatory markers with RAS. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between serum adropin level and RAS in patients undergoing TRA. Methods: From February 2020 to January 2021, 39 consecutive patients who underwent elective daiagnostic TRA and experienced RAS during the procedure, and 42 age and sex matched controls who did not experience RAS were prospectively included into the study. The groups were compared regarding serum adropin levels and inflammatory markers. Results: Although adropin levels were found to be lower in the RAS group, this difference was not statistically significant between the the patients with RAS and controls (14.9 vs. 16.1, P=0.105). However, inflammatory parameters monocyte count and MHR (monocyte/HDL cholesterol ratio) were found to be statistically significantly higher in the RAS group compared to controls (P=0.001 and P=0.010, respectively). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between the monocyte count and RAS (r:0.360, P<0.001), and between MHR and RAS (r:0.288, P=0.009). Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that monocyte count (OR:1.671, 95%CI:1.312-2.094, P=0.001) and MHR (OR:1.116, 95%CI:1.054-1.448, P=0.022) were found to be independent predictors of RAS. Conclusion: Serum vasodilator and inflammatory markers may be useful in the prediction of RAS in patients undergoing TRA procedures.