Apoptosis mechanisms induced by parvovirus infections.

Parvoviruses affect both vertebrates and invertebrates, and can be both detrimental and benign to the host. Numerous studies about parvovirus-induced apoptotic cell death have been researched and reported. In most parvovirus infections, cell death heightens the virus dissemination and causes tissue damage, often leading to disease. Cell cycle arrest also induces cytopathic effects in infected cells and is sometimes a prerequisite to apoptotic cell death. Cell death mechanisms caused by parvovirus infections vary depending on the infecting parvovirus strain and the cell lines involved. Apo-ptosis, however, is a frequent form of cell death induced by parvoviruses. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a major contributor to parvovirus infection-induced cell death. However, other proteins such as the 11 kDa, NP1 and viral genome replication can also induce cell death. Understanding the mechanisms involved in parvovirus cell death, and host response is important in the development of treatment for cytopathic parvoviruses. This review article discusses parvovirus-induced apoptotic cell death and the mechanisms involved. Keywords: apoptosis; cell cycle arrest; cell death; parvovirus; viral protein.

Rapid and visual detection of an isolated and identified goose parvovirus (GPV) strain by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.

Gosling plague caused by goose parvovirus (GPV), a highly infectious septic disease with high mortality, has caused substantial loss in the waterfowl industry. A method for the rapid detection of GPV is needed. In this study, we isolated the virus strain of GPV in May 2020 and applied it to the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. We designed five sets of primers for the goose parvovirus VP3 gene by LAMP. The GV-1 primer set was selected to detect GPV sensitively and rapidly. LAMP was more sensitive compared to PCR. In addition, the LAMP method could complete detection within 60 min which was faster than the PCR assay. The LAMP provided a convenient and effective experimental method for detection of GPV for inspection and quarantine departments and health care units in China, and it is expected to become a simple and routine detection method, especially suitable for goose farms.

Advances in Research on Genetic Relationships of Waterfowl Parvoviruses.

Derzsy's disease and Muscovy duck parvovirus disease have become common diseases in waterfowl culture in the world and their potential to cause harm has risen. The causative agents are goose parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), which can provoke similar clinical symptoms and high mortality and morbidity rates. In recent years, duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome has been prevalent in the Cherry Valley duck population in eastern China. It is characterised by the physical signs for which it is named. Although the mortality rate is low, it causes stunting and weight loss, which have caused serious economic losses to the waterfowl industry. The virus that causes this disease was named novel goose parvovirus (NGPV). This article summarises the latest research on the genetic relationships of the three parvoviruses, and reviews the aetiology, epidemiology, and necropsy characteristics in infected ducks, in order to facilitate further study.