Synthesis and evaluation of 2,4,5-trisubstitutedthiazoles as carbonic anhydrase-III inhibitors.

A series of 17 compounds (12-16 b) with 2,4,5-trisubstitutedthiazole scaffold having 5-aryl group, 4-carboxylic acid/ester moiety, and 2-amino/amido/ureido functional groups were synthesised, characterised, and evaluated for their carbonic anhydrase (CA)-III inhibitory activities using the size exclusion Hummel-Dreyer method (HDM) of chromatography. Compound 12a with a free amino group at the 2-position, carboxylic acid moiety at the 4-position, and a phenyl ring at the 5-position of the scaffold was found to be the most potent CA-III inhibitor (Ki = 0.5 µM). The presence of a carboxylic acid group at the 4-position of the scaffold was found to be crucial for the CA-III inhibitory activity. Furthermore, replacement of the free amino group with an amide and urea group resulted in a significant reduction of activity (compounds 13c and 14c, Ki = 174.1 and 186.2 µM, respectively). Thus, compound 12a (2-amino-5-phenylthiazole-4-carboxylic acid) can be considered as the lead molecule for further modification and development of more potent CA-III inhibitors.

Resolving the practical factors in the healthcare system management by considering a combine approach of AHP and ANP methods.

Healthcare System Management (HSM) is a technique for integrating technology in public hospitals. Knowledge of strategies and decision-making issues is crucial for improving hospital services during the HSM implementation since it directly impacts the efficiency of the hospital and the level of the patient healthcare system. To address the research gap, this study presents a hybrid decision making model that combines the Analysis Hierarchical Process (AHP) method and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to select Balanced Scorecard Policy (BSP) indicators for evaluating HSM application in a resource-limited background. The hybrid modeling approach not only assists in allocating resources for the execution of HSM but also in determining the significance of the relationship between each analyzed aspect. The hierarchical structure used in this study's quantitative and qualitative relations assessment can also assist various medical facilities in determining how the evaluation criteria and the resources needed to provide HSM services are related. In addition, the management decision policy is shown by the BSP in a healthcare center by combining the two methods mentioned satisfy the goal of strategy weights and limited resources. Finally, the article results indicate that the proposed method increases the efficiency of decisions and maximizes the can improve the reliability in HSM.

Appointment Scheduling Problem in Complexity Systems of the Healthcare Services: A Comprehensive Review.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of Appointment Scheduling (AS) in healthcare service while we propose appointment scheduling problems and various applications and solution approaches in healthcare systems. For this purpose, more than 150 scientific papers are critically reviewed. The literature and the articles are categorized based on several problem specifications, i.e., the flow of patients, patient preferences, and random arrival time and service. Several methods have been proposed to shorten the patient waiting time resulting in the shortest idle times in healthcare centers. Among existing modeling such as simulation models, mathematical optimization techniques, Markov chain, and artificial intelligence are the most practical approaches to optimizing or improving patient satisfaction in healthcare centers. In this study, various criteria are selected for structuring the recent literature dealing with outpatient scheduling problems at the strategic, tactical, or operational levels. Based on the review papers, some new overviews, problem settings, and hybrid modeling approaches are highlighted.

The electric power supply chain network design and emission reduction policy: a comprehensive review.

Electrical energy is unique because it must sustain a consistent production and consumption balance. This guarantees that the "generation-transmission-distribution-consumption-storage" electric power supply chain (EPSC) continues to be connected and inseparable through the power system's complete operation. This paper is a type of secondary study. According to the nature of the article which is qualitative, the grounded theory (GT) method for reviewing the literature has been used. A systematic review of existing literature is carried out over 12 years (2010-2022) by classifying it based on several dimensions such as phase sources of production, the total fixed cost of the real variable, and criteria of decision-making and emissions. The literature is further divided into categories based on the year of publication and the journals in which it was published. The study shows a direction for future studies in the electric power domain of the supply chain while utilizing an operations strategy approach.

RSDM-AHSnet: Designing a robust stochastic dynamic model to allocating health service network under disturbance situations with limited capacity using algorithms NSGA-II and PSO.

In the present study, health services networks were classified into low-level hospitals (provision of public health services) and high-level hospitals (providing specialized health services), which are at risk of being disrupted. They refer the patients to high-level hospitals for inpatient visits or emergencies by ambulance. In the present case, patients are divided into two categories: high priority (the category in which immediate service delivery is needed) and low priority. A stochastic robust dynamic mathematical model for location and allocation of health network regarding limited capacity and disturbance is developed to reduce the total costs and include the basic features of a real problem such as limited capacity. Regarding limited capacity for hospitals, the health network needs redefinition of different layers in the disturbance situation. In this study, we reduce the total costs by reducing hospital costs and costs such as transportation and service to patients. Two metaheuristic algorithms consisting of Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been applied to solve the model. Taguchi method design minimizes the cost of parameter tuning, including the level of factors related to the proposed. The results showed the method's applicability for large-scale problems that could evaluate different tools for decision-makers to select effective management strategies in constructing a dependable and robust healthcare network. For example, the total cost is minimized in conditions considered in the genetic algorithm, the population parameter at the highest level, 150, the intersection parameters, and the probability of mutation at the lowest level, 0.7 and 0.1.

The impact of artificial intelligence and digital style on industry and energy post-COVID-19 pandemic.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused crises in social, economic, and energy areas and medical life worldwide throughout 2020. This crisis had many direct and indirect effects on all areas of society. In the meantime, the digital and artificial intelligence industry can be used as a professional assistant to manage and control the outbreak of the virus. The present article's objective is to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on each of the various fields of medicine, industry, and energy. What sets this article apart is studying the impact of artificial intelligence and digital style on reducing the damage of this fatal virus. Energy and related industries are of the areas affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The most exciting approach in this article is to encourage countries with economies based on non-renewable energy to develop solar and wind energies. Renewable energies can operate well in the event of another phenomenon such as COVID-19 and reduce the virus's destructive effects and lead to economic prosperity.

Optimization of an appointment scheduling problem for healthcare systems based on the quality of fairness service using whale optimization algorithm and NSGA-II.

Effective appointment scheduling (EAS) is essential for the quality and patient satisfaction in hospital management. Healthcare schedulers typically refer patients to a suitable period of service before the admission call closes. The appointment date can no longer be adjusted. This research presents the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) based on the Pareto archive and NSGA-II algorithm to solve the appointment scheduling model by considering the simulation approach. Based on these two algorithms, this paper has addressed the multi-criteria method in appointment scheduling. This paper computes WOA and NSGA with various hypotheses to meet the analysis and different factors related to patients in the hospital. In the last part of the model, this paper has analyzed NSGA and WOA with three cases. Fairness policy first come first serve (FCFS) considers the most priority factor to obtain from figure to strategies optimized solution for best satisfaction results. In the proposed NSGA, the FCFS approach and the WOA approach are contrasted. Numerical results indicate that both the FCFS and WOA approaches outperform the strategy optimized by the proposed algorithm.

Ethical Attitudes toward COVID-19 Passports: Evidences from Spain.

A so-called COVID-19 passport or Immunity passport (IP) has been proposed to facilitate the mobility of individuals while the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic persists. A COVID-19 passport can play a key role in the control of the pandemic, specifically in areas with a high density of population, and the help of smart city technology could be very useful to successfully implement IPs. This research studies the impact of ethical judgments on user attitudes toward using vaccine passports based on a Multidimensional Ethics Scale (MES) that contains five ethical constructs: moral equity, relativism, egoism, utilitarianism, and contractualism. Regression analysis shows that MES satisfactorily explains attitude (R2 = 87.82%, p < 0.001) and that a positive evaluation in moral equity, egoism and utilitarianism is significant (p < 0.001). The objective of the passport (variable leisure) shows a significant negative moderating effect on moral equity (coefficient = -0.147, p = 0.0302) and a positive one on relativism (coefficient = 0.158, p = 0.0287). Adjustment by means of fsQCA shows that five ethical constructs satisfactorily explain both favorable and unfavorable attitudes toward IPs. Solutions explaining acceptance attain an overall consistency (cons) = 0.871 and coverage (cov) = 0.980. In the case of resistance, we found that cons = 0.979 and cov = 0.775. However, that influence is asymmetrical. To have a positive attitude toward the passport, it is a sufficient condition to attain a positive evaluation on a single ethical factor. On the other hand, when explaining resistance, and with the exception of the recipe ~utilitarianism (cons = 0.911 and cov = 0.859), explanatory prime implications require the interaction of at least two variables. Likewise, the context in which the passport is required is significant to explain rejection.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma in the Emergency Department.

BACKGROUND: Trauma is currently the fourth leading cause of death in developed countries. One of the main objectives in abdominal trauma patients is to develop a rapid and accurate diagnosis. There is a tendency to use emergency abdominal ultrasound with abdominal trauma, therefore, it is recommended in some centers as a diagnostic tool and as a primary choice in abdominal trauma. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sonography for trauma by emergency medicine residents and radiology residents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive and analytical study performed on patients with abdominal blunt trauma who referred to the emergency ward. The diagnostic accuracy of sonography for trauma by emergency medicine residents and radiology residents was evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 380 patients, 296 were males and 84 were females. The mean ages of male and female patients were 34.52 ± 16.38 years and 41.19 ± 21.38 years, respectively (P = 0.009). The sonographies performed by emergency residents were positive in 46 patients, with 22 of these confirmed by CT scans. The sensitivity and specificity of the sonography by emergency residents, as confirmed by CT scans, were 78.5% and 93.2%, respectively. The sonographies performed by radiology residents were positive in 38 patients, with 24 being confirmed by CT scans. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity and specificity of the sonography by radiology residents, as confirmed by CT scans, were 85.7% and 96%, respectively. Sonographies performed by emergency residents were positive in 46 patients with 34 of these being confirmed by sonographies by radiology residents. The sensitivity and specificity of the sonographies by emergency residents, as confirmed by sonographies by radiology residents, were 89.5% and 96.5%, respectively.