The relationship between food addiction and emotional eating in individuals at risk for anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anorexia nervosa, food addiction, and emotional eating. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was carried out with 395 university students. The Eating Attitude Test (EAT)-26 was used to determine the risk of anorexia nervosa in individuals. Yale Eating Addiction Scale (YFAS) and The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) were used to determine the eating behaviors that may be effective in anorexia nervosa. Digital scales were used for weight measurement, and a non-stretchable tape measure according to standard techniques was used for measuring height, waist, and hip circumferences. RESULTS: In this study, in which individuals at (high and medium) risk of anorexia nervosa were examined, 62.03% were females, and the mean age was 25.21±4.33 years. The mean BMI value was 22.25±3.48 kg/cm2. In the study, 8.35% of people with both anorexia nervosa (AN) risk and food addiction made up 19.75% of the food addict population (p=0.023). The distribution of DEBQ scores by sub-dimension shows that AN risk decreases as external eating score decreases. The group at the highest risk for AN also had the highest emotional eating score (p=0.029). In the multiple linear regression analyses, emotional eating behavior, gender, and BMI were predictive factors for eating attitude or anorexia nervosa risk. CONCLUSIONS: Food addiction increases the risk of eating disorders and the most important factor affecting them is BMI. Women were more likely than men to have anorexia nervosa and food addiction. This study informed young adults about food addiction, eating disorders, and anorexia nervosa.

Multiple factors influencing mortality in hemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: Both decreased food intake and elevated inflammation contribute to malnutrition in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Malnutrition, inflammation, anthropometric measurements, and other comorbidity factors were investigated in this study as potential indicators of mortality in HD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: By measuring geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), malnutrition inflammation score (MIS), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), 334 HD patients' nutritional status was assessed. Through the use of four different models and logistic regression analysis, the predictors of each individual's survival status were examined. The models were matched using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. On the survival of patients, the effects of malnutrition indices in Model 1, anthropometric measurements in Model 2, blood parameters in Model 3, and sociodemographic characteristics in Model 4 were investigated. RESULTS: Five years later, 286 individuals were still on hemodialysis. Patients who had a high GNRI value had a lower mortality rate in Model 1. The body mass index (BMI) value of the patients was found to be the best predictor of mortality in Model 2, and it was found that patients with high muscle percentage had a lower mortality risk. The difference in urea level measured at the beginning and end of hemodialysis was found to be the most potent predictor of mortality in Model 3, although C-reactive protein (CRP) level was also discovered to be one of the best predictors for this model. The final model, Model 4, revealed that mortality was lower in women than in men and that income status was a reliable predictor of mortality estimation. CONCLUSIONS: The best indicator of mortality in hemodialysis patients is the malnutrition index.

Rational solitons in deep nonlinear optical Bragg grating.

We have examined the rational solitons in the Generalized Coupled Mode model for a deep nonlinear Bragg grating. These solitons are the degenerate forms of the ordinary solitons and appear at the transition lines in the parameter plane. A simple formulation is presented for the investigation of the bifurcations induced by detuning the carrier wave frequency. The analysis yields among others the appearance of in-gap dark and antidark rational solitons unknown in the nonlinear shallow grating. The exact expressions for the corresponding rational solitons are also derived in the process, which are characterized by rational algebraic functions. It is further demonstrated that certain effects in the soliton energy variations are to be expected when the frequency is varied across the values where the rational solitons appear.

Anharmonic oscillation effect on the Davydov-Scott monomer in a thermal bath.

The dynamics of Davydov-Scott monomer in a thermal bath with higher order amide-site's displacement leads to anharmonic oscillation effect is investigated using full-quantum approach and the Lindblad formulation of master equation. The specific heat is calculated based on the thermodynamic partition function using the path integral method. The temperature dependence of the specific heat is studied. In the model the specific heat anomaly as pointed out in recent works by Ingold [Phys. Rev. E 79, 061105 (2009)] is also observed. However, it is found that the anomaly occurs at high-temperature region, and the anharmonic oscillation restores the positivity of specific heat.

[The treatment of renal hypertension with verapamil in childhood (author's transl]. / Die Behandlung der renalen Hypertension mit Verapamil im Kindesalter.

Twenty children with severe renal hypertension caused by renovacular lesions or chronic renal failure were treated with verapamil. The application of the drug as a single intravenous injection (0.1 mg/kg) during hypertensive crisis was followed by a drop of the systolic blood pressure which was highest 30 min after injection (--25% of the original value). In order to normalize the blood pressure during prolonged hypertensive crisis verapamil was used successfully as an intravenous infusion. For the long-term treatment of renal hypertension verapamil was given orally with success, alone or combined with other antihypertensive drugs. Verapamil has a lowering effect on the blood pressure even in the presence of advanced renal failure. Prolongation of atrioventricular conduction time is the most important side effect of the drug when given in high doses and, especially, when combined with digitalis.

Spectrum of chronic renal failure in children at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.

The aim of this paper is to report the hospital prevalence of chronic renal failure, the spectrum of the various underlying diseases and the outcome of these patients managed with conservative treatment. The diagnosis of chronic renal failure was established either on the first hospital admission or during the course of the disease. During the period of three years (1986-1988), 489 cases of various renal diseases were admitted to the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta. Twenty-one cases (4.3%) with chronic renal failure were diagnosed and in 18 out of them (85.7%) the underlying diseases could be established while in the remaining three cases (14.3%) the primary renal diseases were uncertain. All patients were managed conservatively and none of them were treated either by regular dialysis or renal transplantation. Eight patients (38.0%) died during follow up, another five cases (23.8%) were still under routine control, while the remaining eight (38.0%) were lost on follow up.

Determination of glomerular function in advanced renal failure.

In 15 children with advanced chronic renal failure, glomerular filtration rate was determined by different methods. Inulin clearance correlated well with the mean of creatinine and urea clearance, and also with 51-chromium edetic acid (EDTA) clearance measured over 24 hours. The absolute values of creatinine clearance and of 51Cr-EDTA clearance measured up to 8 hours were higher than inulin clearance. In advanced renal failure both the 51Cr-EDTA clearance measured over 24 hours, and the mean of creatinine and urea clearance, provide acceptable estimates of true glomerular filtration rate.