RESUMEN
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic condition characterized by inflammation of the central nervous system. Besides multiple sclerosis, optic neuropathy, acute transverse myelitis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, ADEM is a primary inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. It is estimated that approximately three-quarters of cases of encephalomyelitis occur after an infection or immunization, where the onset of neurological disease is coincident with a febrile event. Here, we report an 80-year-old woman with coronavirus disease pneumonia who developed sudden onset of decreased level of consciousness, focal seizure, and right-side weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a multifocal hemorrhagic lesion with surrounding edema, suggesting ADEM. An electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed moderate generalized encephalopathy. The patient received alternating pulse steroids with plasma exchange for five days. Subsequently, her Glasgow coma scale score continued to decrease, and thus, she required inotropic support until she expired.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To identify the knowledge gap and misconceptions about osteoarthritis (OA) and its risk factors among the general population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between 11-13 April, 2019. The study was approved by King Abdullah International Medical Research Center. A representative sample of the public in well-known mall was asked to complete the questionnaire to assess their knowledge regarding OA. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts: 1) demographic data, 2) general knowledge regarding OA, and 3) a quiz of 20 questions. A descriptive analysis was carried out with t-test and F-test-based method. RESULTS: The study had 1238 respondents. Approximately 55% of them were females, with 51.8% between the ages of 18 to 29. Approximately 62% held a bachelor's degree and 63% had a family member or a friend afflicted with OA. Relatives and friends were the main source of information regarding OA. Only 37% correctly identified the mechanism behind OA. The mean score for the 20-item quiz was 9.84. No significant differences were found when comparing scores of males and females or those of age groups. However, significant differences in scores were identified between respondents of varying educational levels (p less than 0.001), participants' knowledge of the mechanism leading to OA (p less than 0.001), information sources (p less than 0.001), and knowing someone with it (p less than 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest a low level of knowledge regarding OA among Jeddah population. Many misconceptions regarding OA were identified, so more information be brought to the public.