The evaluation of apicectomy without retrograde filling in terms of lesion size localization and approximation to the anatomic structures.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate of the patients who underwent apical resection. Besides assess the classification of resection side, localization, lesion size, approximation of anatomic structures and the purpose of the apical surgery retrospectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this stutdy 782 patients and 1191 apical resection applied tooth evaluated. 504 of the patients were famale and 278 were male. Patients age was between 13 and 76 years old and operated between January 2016 and January 2017. The study includes incisor, canine and premolar teeth which had the apical resection as the first time. Operation side evaluated from orthopantomograph and periapical radiographs. RESULTS: There were 1191 teeth operated and 966 of them in maxilla and 225 of them in mandible. The number of the incisor teeth were 871, 177 were canine, 129 were premolar and one of them was molar. The total amount of 468 patients had operated by just 1 tooth, 454 of the operated teeth had cyst on the operation side. Premolar and molar side 21 of the 93 lesion had approximation with maxillar sinus. On the other hand in maxilla 39 of 569 lesion had approximation with nasal cavity. In mandibula 1 of the 15 lesion, which involved mandibular premolar teeth, had approximation with mental foramen. CONCLUSIONS: Apical resection operation mostly done for one tooth, and the lesion size was less than 10 milimeters. Furthermore apical resection mostly done for incisors cause of odontogenic cyst.

Prescription patterns in patients with systolic heart failure at hospital discharge: why beta blockers are underprescribed or prescribed at low dose in real life?

Systolic heart failure (SHF) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Beta-blockers (BB) were shown to provide mortality benefit in patients with SHF, and currently indicated in all stages of patients with SHF. We evaluated the factors influencing the prescription of BBs at discharge in patients hospitalised with HF. Hospital discharge records of consecutive 1418 patients (996 men, 422 women) with a mean age of 57 +/- 15 years, hospitalised and treated for SHF (EF < 45%), were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age of female (n = 422) and male patients (n = 996) was similar (58 +/- 15 years vs. 58 +/- 14 years, p = 0.654). Mean EF was 33 +/- 7%, and not different for each sex (p = 0.288). BBs were present in 47.4% of patients at hospital discharge, and female patients were more frequently prescribed than men (51.7% vs. 45.7%, p = 0.036). Patients who were prescribed BBs at discharge were younger than those who were not (p = 0.034). Patients who were prescribed BBs at discharge had significantly higher EF than those who were not (p = 0.019). Older patients were prescribed low-dose BBs. Besides, creatinine level was significantly higher in the group who were prescribed low-dose BBs than those who were prescribed high dose. However, EF was significantly lower in the group, who were prescribed low-dose BBs than in those prescribed moderate-high dose (33 +/- 7% vs. 35 +/- 7%, p = 0.023). There exist several factors associated with underuse of this highly recommended medication in patients with HF.

The neuropsychological dimensions of postinfectious neuromyasthenia (chronic fatigue syndrome): a preliminary report.

Postinfectious neuromyasthenia (PIN) is a clinical syndrome of protracted and incomplete recovery after an apparent viral-like illness. Medical investigation yields few abnormalities which might account for the symptomatology. A substantial number of PIN patients complain of cognitive changes. Specific complaints include impaired attention, concentration and abstraction skills. This study was designed to systematically investigate whether the aforementioned subjective complaints could be quantified objectively using standard neuropsychological instruments. Results indicated that on all tests but one, the subjects' performances were significantly higher than those of their age matched groups in the normative data. Specifically, PIN patients scored significantly better than their age matched norms on tests of concentration, attention and abstraction. What is most striking is the discrepancy between the subjective complaints of cognitive impairment and the objective results of the subjects' performances on all tests. These findings suggest that psychological factors may play an important role in the cognitive functioning of individuals diagnosed with postinfectious neuromyasthenia.