RESUMEN
The aquatic environment is the habitat of many microorganisms, including Plesiomonas shigelloides and Aeromonas species which are pathogenic to human and animals. In the present investigation, we evaluated the occurrence of these pathogens from marine mammals beached or accidentally captured by fishing net in southeastern (RJ) and southern (RS) coastal Brazilian regions. A total of 198 swabs from 27 specimens of marine mammals, including 11 different species, were collected by DEENSP and GEMARS-CECLIMAR/ UFRGS Institutes and sent to LRNCEB/IOC/FIOCRUZ. The samples were enriched in Alkaline Peptone Water (APW) added with 1% of sodium chloride (NaCl), APW plus 3% NaCl and incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hours. Following, samples were streaked onto Pseudomonas-Aeromonas Selective Agar Base (GSP Agar) and suspected colonies were biochemically characterized. The results revealed 114 strains, including ten Aeromonas species and P. shigelloides. The main pathogens isolated were A. veronii biogroup veronii (19.3%), A. caviae (12.3%), A. hydrophila (9.6%) and P. shigelloides (7%). The pathogens were isolated in both coastal and offshore marine mammals. These data point the importance of epidemiological surveillance and microbiological monitoring and reinforce the need to implement environmental protection programs, especially related to endangered cetacean species.
RESUMEN
The aquatic environment is the habitat of many microorganisms, including Plesiomonasshigelloides and Aeromonas species which are pathogenic to human and animals. In the present investigation, we evaluated the occurrence of these pathogens from marine mammals beached or accidentally captured by fishing net in southeastern (RJ) and southern (RS) coastal Brazilian regions. A total of 198 swabs from 27 specimens of marine mammals, including 11 different species, were collected by DEENSP and GEMARS-CECLIMAR/UFRGS Institutes and sent to LRNCEB/IOC/FIOCRUZ. The samples were enriched in Alkaline Peptone Water (APW) added with 1 percent of sodium chloride (NaCl), APW plus 3 percent NaCl and incubated at 37ºC for 18-24 hours. Following, samples were streaked onto Pseudomonas-Aeromonas Selective Agar Base (GSP Agar) and suspected colonies were biochemically characterized. The results revealed 114 strains, including ten Aeromonas species and P.shigelloides. The main pathogens isolated were A.veronii biogroup veronii (19.3 percent), A. caviae (12.3 percent), A. hydrophila (9.6 percent) and P.shigelloides (7 percent). The pathogens were isolated in both coastal and offshore marine mammals. These data point the importance of epidemiological surveillance and microbiological monitoring and reinforce the need to implement environmental protection programs, especially related to endangered cetacean species.
O ambiente aquático é o habitat de vários microrganismos, incluindo Plesiomonasshigelloides e espécies de Aeromonas, os quais são patogênicos para o homem e os animais. Na presente investigação, foi avaliada a ocorrência destes patógenos a partir de swabs coletados de mamíferos marinhos encalhados ou capturados acidentalmente em redes de pesca nas regiões costeiras do sudeste (RJ) e sul (RS) do Brasil. O total de 198 swabs de 27 espécimes de mamíferos marinhos, incluindo 11 espécies distintas, foi coletado por profissionais dos institutos DEENSP, GEMARS-CECLIMAR/UFRGS e enviado ao LRNCEB/IOC/FIOCRUZ. Em seguida, as amostras foram submetidas a enriquecimento em Água Peptonada Alcalina (APA) adicionada de 1 por cento de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) e APA com 3 por cento de NaCl (37ºC/18-24 h). Posteriormente, as amostras foram semeadas em meio Agar Seletivo para Pseudomonas-Aeromonas (Agar GSP) e as colônias suspeitas submetidas à caracterização bioquímica. Um total de 114 cepas foram identificadas, incluindo dez espécies de Aeromonas e P.shigelloides. Os principais patógenos isolados foram A.veronii biogrupo veronii (19,3 por cento), A. caviae (12,2 por cento), A. hydrophila (9,6 por cento) e Plesiomonasshigelloides (7 por cento). Os patógenos foram encontrados tanto em espécies de mamíferos marinhos costeiros como oceânicos. Esses dados apontam para a importância da vigilância epidemiológica e monitoramento microbiológico, além de reforçar a necessidade de implantação de programas de proteção ambiental, particularmente relacionados aos mamíferos marinhos ameaçados de extinção.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Aeromonadaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Aeromonadaceae/patogenicidad , Mamíferos , Fauna Marina , Infecciones por Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidad , Ambiente Acuático , Métodos , Métodos , VirulenciaRESUMEN
Avaliou-se a incidência de Vibrio spp. a partir de lesões superficiais em mamíferos marinhos encalhados ou capturados em redes de pesca nas regiões litorâneas do Sudeste (Rio de Janeiro) e Sul (RS) do Brasil. Foram coletadas 198 amostras, pelas instituições de pesquisa DEENSP, GEMARS e Ceclimar, as quais foram enviadas ao Labent/IOC/FIOCruz, onde foram submetidas ao enriquecimento em Agua Peptonada Alcalina (APA) adicionada de 1 por cento e 3 por cento de NaCl e in-cubadas a 37°C por 18-24 horas. Em seqüência foram semeadas em meio Agar Tiossulfato Citrato Bile Sacarose (TCBS) e as colônias suspeitas submetidas à caracterização bioquímica. Foram isoladas 108 cepas bacterianas, destacando-se Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus e V. fluvialis como os principais patógenos isolados. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a necessidade de implementar atividades de vigilância e monitorização bacteriológica, particularmente de espécies selvagens, e reforçar os programas de proteção ambiental em casos de mamíferos marinhos ameaçados de extinção.
In the present investigation was evaluated the incidence of Vibrio spp. from superficial lesions at marine mammals beached or captured by fishing net in the southwestern (RJ) and southern (RS) coastal regions of Brazil. One hundred and ninety eight swabs were collected by DEENSP, GEMARS and Ceclimar institutes and sent to Labent/IOC/FIOCruz where the samples were submitted to enrichment in Alkaline Peptone Water (APW) added with 1 percent and 3 percent of sodium chloride (NaCl) incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hours. After the samples were streaked onto Thiossulfate Citrate Bile Sucrose Agar (TCBS), the suspected colonies were submitted to biochemical characterization. The results showed 108 strains, and Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. fluvialis were the main pathogens isolated. These results appoint the importance of surveillance and microbiological monitoring accomplishment and reinforcement of environmental protective programs applied to marine mammals endangered with extinction.