RESUMEN
The allele HLA-C*07:02:60 differs from HLA-C*07:02:01:01 by a silent nucleotide substitution in exon 4.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Secuencia de Bases , Codón , Exones , Antígenos HLA-C/clasificación , Antígenos HLA-C/inmunología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Isoformas de Proteínas/clasificación , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/inmunología , Alineación de Secuencia , Donante no EmparentadoRESUMEN
The novel DRB1*01:16 allele differs for G to T substitution at position 595 from DRB3*01:01P.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Cadenas HLA-DRB3/genética , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Mutación Puntual , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Niño , Clonación Molecular , Codón , Exones , Familia , Genotipo , Cadenas HLA-DRB3/inmunología , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Italia , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Receptores de TrasplantesRESUMEN
The simultaneous typing of five-HLA loci at high resolution and the availability of pedigree data allowed us to characterize extended five-locus phased haplotypes in 124 Nigerian families and to compare the observed frequencies with those expected by an expectation-maximization algorithm for unphased data. Despite the occurrence of some frequent alleles at each locus (e.g. B*53:01, which is assumed to protect against Plasmodium falciparum), as many as 82% of the sampled individuals carry two unique five-locus haplotypes and only three extended haplotypes with frequency above 1% exhibit significant linkage disequilibrium. Although preliminary, these results reveal an extreme level of HLA diversity in the Nigerian population, which reflects both its multi-ethnic composition and the very ancient demographic history of African populations.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Cadenas beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Haplotipos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Alelos , Familia , Expresión Génica , Frecuencia de los Genes , Variación Genética , Genética de Población , Antígenos HLA-A/inmunología , Antígenos HLA-B/inmunología , Antígenos HLA-C/inmunología , Cadenas beta de HLA-DQ/inmunología , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/inmunología , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Nigeria , LinajeRESUMEN
Mixed chimerism (MC), the simultaneous presence of both host- and donor-derived cells in the recipient, is observed in a large proportion of patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) to treat haemoglobinopathies. Detected early after transplantation, MC often moves towards complete chimerism, although sometimes it may evolve into graft rejection, especially if the proportion of donor cells is very low. However, some patients develop stable MC, defined as persistent when donor- and host-derived cells coexist for periods longer than 2 years after HSCT. Patients with persistent mixed chimerism (PMC) do not require additional red blood cell support and, regardless of the presence in some cases of an extremely low percentage of donor-derived nucleated cells in the bone marrow, their condition is clinically controlled by an incomplete but functional graft, as they express a two- to fivefold enrichment of donor-derived mature erythrocytes in the peripheral blood. These findings have tremendous implications not only in the context of allogeneic HSCT but also in the design of gene therapy trials based on the autologous transplantation of genetically modified CD34+ cells. Recent studies have shown that durable allograft tolerance has been achieved by induction of haematopoietic chimerism in clinical kidney transplantation, showing the involvement of regulatory T cells. Similarly, it has been shown that the regulatory T cells play a pivotal role in promoting and maintaining immune tolerance in patients that develop a status of PMC after HSCT for Thalassemia.
Asunto(s)
Quimerismo , Rechazo de Injerto/inmunología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Hemoglobinopatías/inmunología , Tolerancia Inmunológica/inmunología , Humanos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The information regarding the probability of finding a matched unrelated donor (MUD) within a relatively short time is crucial for the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly in patients with malignancies. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 315 Italian patients who started a search for a MUD, in order to assess the distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and haplotypes in this population of patients and to evaluate the probability of finding a donor. Comparing two groups of patients based on whether or not a 10/10 HLA-matched donor was available, we found that patients who had a fully-matched MUD possessed at least one frequent haplotype more often than the others (45.6% vs 14.3%; P = 0.000003). In addition, analysis of data pertaining to the HLA class I alleles distribution showed that, in the first group of patients, less common alleles were under-represented (20.2% vs 40.0%; P = 0.006). Therefore, the presence of less frequent alleles represents a negative factor for the search for a potential compatible donor being successful, whereas the presence of one frequent haplotype represents a positive predictive factor. Antigenic differences between patient and donor observed at C and DQB1 loci, were mostly represented by particular B/C or DRB1/DQB1 allelic associations. Thus, having a particular B or DRB1 allele, linked to multiple C or DQB1 alleles, respectively, might be considered to be associated with a lower probability of a successful search. Taken together, these data may help determine in advance the probability of finding a suitable unrelated donor for an Italian patient.
Asunto(s)
Selección de Donante , Antígenos HLA/genética , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Donantes de Tejidos , Alelos , Frecuencia de los Genes/genética , Sitios Genéticos/genética , Haplotipos/genética , Humanos , Italia , Donante no EmparentadoAsunto(s)
Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapéutico , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ustekinumab/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Alelos , Femenino , Antígenos HLA-C/inmunología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psoriasis/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The novel HLA-DPA1*01:130 allele differs from HLA-DPA1*01:03:01:03 by one nucleotide substitution in Exon 3.
Asunto(s)
Cadenas alfa de HLA-DP , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Alelos , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Cadenas alfa de HLA-DP/genéticaRESUMEN
The novel HLA-C*07:1132 allele differs from HLA-C*07:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in Exon 5.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Exones , Antígenos HLA-C , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad/métodos , Secuencia de Bases , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , Alineación de Secuencia , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , CodónRESUMEN
The novel allele HLA-DQB1*04:09 differs from DQB1*04:02:01 by three nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions in exon 2.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Cadenas beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Exones , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Italia , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/inmunología , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
The novel allele human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DQB1*06:04:04 differs from HLA-DQB1*06:04:01 by a silent nucleotide substitution at codon 75 (TTG â CTG).
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Cadenas beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Exones/genética , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Alineación de SecuenciaRESUMEN
The new allele, officially named HLA DRB1*14:129, differs from HLA DRB1*14:54 in exon 2.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Mutación Puntual , Secuencia de Bases , Exones , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/inmunología , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Trasplante de Células Madre , Donantes de TejidosRESUMEN
We present here the results of the Analysis of HLA Population Data (AHPD) project of the 16th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop (16IHIW) held in Liverpool in May-June 2012. Thanks to the collaboration of 25 laboratories from 18 different countries, HLA genotypic data for 59 new population samples (either well-defined populations or donor registry samples) were gathered and 55 were analysed statistically following HLA-NET recommendations. The new data included, among others, large sets of well-defined populations from north-east Europe and West Asia, as well as many donor registry data from European countries. The Gene[rate] computer tools were combined to create a Gene[rate] computer pipeline to automatically (i) estimate allele frequencies by an expectation-maximization algorithm accommodating ambiguities, (ii) estimate heterozygosity, (iii) test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), (iv) test for selective neutrality, (v) generate frequency graphs and summary statistics for each sample at each locus and (vi) plot multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses comparing the new samples with previous IHIW data. Intrapopulation analyses show that HWE is rarely rejected, while neutrality tests often indicate a significant excess of heterozygotes compared with neutral expectations. The comparison of the 16IHIW AHPD data with data collected during previous workshops (12th-15th) shows that geography is an excellent predictor of HLA genetic differentiations for HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 loci but not for HLA-DQ, whose patterns are probably more influenced by natural selection. In Europe, HLA genetic variation clearly follows a north to south-east axis despite a low level of differentiation between European, North African and West Asian populations. Pacific populations are genetically close to Austronesian-speaking South-East Asian and Taiwanese populations, in agreement with current theories on the peopling of Oceania. Thanks to this project, HLA genetic variation is more clearly defined worldwide and better interpreted in relation to human peopling history and HLA molecular evolution.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-DP/genética , Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Asia , Etnicidad , Europa (Continente) , Frecuencia de los Genes , Variación Genética , Genética de Población , Genotipo , Haplotipos , Humanos , Oceanía , Grupos de PoblaciónRESUMEN
DQB1*05:304 allele was identical to DQB1*05:02:01 except for a single nucleotide substitution.
Asunto(s)
Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Nucleótidos , Humanos , Secuencia de Bases , Alelos , Cadenas beta de HLA-DQ/genéticaRESUMEN
The new allele differs from HLA-DPB1*23:01 in exon 3.
Asunto(s)
Cadenas beta de HLA-DP/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Alelos , Secuencia de Bases , Cromosomas Humanos Par 6 , Exones , Cadenas beta de HLA-DP/inmunología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Donantes de TejidosRESUMEN
The new allele shows one nucleotide change from C*07:02:01:01 at 351 nt from C to A, resulting in an amino acid change at codon 93 of exon 3 from H to Q.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Exones/genética , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Mutación/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Sondas de ADN de HLA/genética , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Italia , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Donantes de TejidosRESUMEN
The novel HLA-C allele C*06:58 shows one nucleotide change from C*06:02:01:01 at nt 366 from G to A, resulting in an amino acid change at codon 98 of exon 3 from Met to Ile.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Exones/genética , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Italia , Masculino , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
The novel allele HLA-C*16:07:02 differs from HLA-C* 16:07:01 by a silent nucleotide substitution at codon 220 (TAC â TAT).
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Alelos , Secuencia de Bases , Benin/etnología , Cartilla de ADN , Exones , Femenino , Antígenos HLA-C/inmunología , Haplotipos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Nucleótidos/genética , Mutación Puntual , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/inmunología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , HermanosRESUMEN
HLA-A*03:143 has one nucleotide change from A*03:01: 01:01 at nt 406 from G to C, resulting in an amino acid change at codon 112 of exon 3 from Gly to Arg.
Asunto(s)
Antígeno HLA-A3/genética , Alelos , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , ADN/genética , Exones , Femenino , Técnicas de Genotipaje , Haplotipos , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Italia , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Linaje , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
Polymorphisms in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of HLA-G, an important player in immunological tolerance, could be involved in post-transcriptional expression control, and their association with different clinical immune-related conditions including autoimmunity and transplantation is of mounting interest. Most studies have focused on a 14 base pair (bp) insertion/deletion (ins/del), while additional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HLA-G 3'UTR have been described but not extensively investigated for their clinical relevance. Here we have comparatively studied the association between 3'UTR haplotypes of HLA-G, or the 14 bp ins/del, with clinical outcome of HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in 147 Middle Eastern beta-thalassemia patients. Sequence based typing of 3'UTR HLA-G polymorphisms in the patients and in 102 healthy Italian blood donors showed strong linkage disequilibrium between the 14 bp ins/del and five 3'UTR SNPs, which together could be arranged into eight distinct haplotypes based on expectation-maximization studies, with four predominant haplotypes (UTRs1-4). After HSCT, we found a moderate though not significant association between the presence of UTR-2 in double dose and protection from acute graft versus host disease (hazard ratio (HR) 0.45, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.14-1.45; P = 0.18), an effect that was also seen when the corresponding 14 bp ins/ins genotype was considered alone (HR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.16-1.06; P = 0.07). No association was found with rejection or survival. Taken together, our data show that there is no apparent added value of considering entire 3'UTR HLA-G haplotypes for risk prediction after allogeneic HSCT for beta-thalassemia.