Human bocavirus detection and quantification in fecal and serum specimens from recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of human bocavirus (HBoV) and to determine viral loads in samples of patients admitted for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS: Fecal and serum samples were collected from 19 patients, during a 24-month period. Samples were screened by quantitative polymerase chain reaction TaqMan assay, with specific probe and primers targeting the NP1 gene of all HBoVs genotypes (HBoV-1 to - 4), and viral loads were determined using serial dilutions of a recombinant plasmid. RESULTS: HBoV DNA was detected in 42.1% (8 of 19) of the patients in at least one type of sample (feces and/or serum) during the study period, with 75% (6 of 8) of the patients being positive in both types of sample. Viral shedding in feces had a median of 26 days (range, 5 to 121) and viremia was detected in 87.5% (7 of 8) of the patients. The HBoV loads in fecal samples were higher than in sera and, in most cases, HBoV was detected earlier in fecal than in sera samples. In six HBoV-positive patients (6 of 8) diarrhea was observed concomitantly to viral detection in fecal samples. CONCLUSIONS: A high frequency and loads of HBoV in allo-HSCT recipients was observed, especially in fecal samples. Positivity in fecal samples was an early predictor of HBoV presence.

Prospective study on Norovirus infection among allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: prolonged viral excretion and viral RNA in the blood.

BACKGROUND: Human caliciviruses (Norovirus and Sapovirus) are important acute gastroenteritis agents. The Norovirus (NoV) disease is usually self-limited; however, prolonged viral excretion and complications have been reported, mainly in immunosuppressed individuals. OBJECTIVES: In this prospective study, we have monitored allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) patients for human calicivirus infection. STUDY DESIGN: Ten ASCT patients were monitored for NoV and sapoviruses (SaV) infection, for a period of five months to a maximum of one year. Prolonged NoV excretion and long term viral RNA in the blood were assessed by multiplex RT-PCR targeting region C of the viral capsid. Secretor status of the patients was determined by enzyme immunoassay using Ulex Europaeus agglutinin. Partial genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed to characterize the viral genotypes. RESULTS: NoV was detected in six out of ten patients (60%). Prolonged viral excretion in feces (mean of 61.6 days) and long term presence of NoV RNA in the sera (mean of 33.6 days) of the patients were observed. SaV was not detected in any of the samples. All patients had diarrhea, vomiting and fever during NoV positivity. All NoV-positive samples were characterized as GI.3 NoV. Three Nov-infected patients presented with acute intestinal graft versus host disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study brings important information on NoV course of infection in ASCT patients. It also provides evidence for long term viral RNA in the blood highlighting the importance of the inclusion of NoV screening in the routine testing performed before transplantation and during follow-up of these patients.

Thymoma followed by aplastic anemia - two different responses to immunosuppressive therapy.

Aplastic anemia is an uncommon complication of thymoma and is extremely infrequent after the surgical removal of a thymic tumor. Aplastic anemia is a result of marrow failure and is characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and severely depressed marrow cellularity; it may be an autoimmune manifestation of thymoma. As thymoma-associated hematological dyscrasias, which include pure red cell aplasia, aplastic anemia and myasthenia gravis, are supposed to be of immunologic origin, two cases of very severe aplastic anemia following the resection of lymphocytic thymomas treated with immunosuppression are herein presented.

Autologous stem-cell transplantation in Hodgkin's lymphoma: analysis of a therapeutic option.

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical progress of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with autologous transplantation after failure or relapse of first-line treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. METHODS: The results of a retrospective analysis of 31 patients submitted to autologous transplantation as second-line treatment, between April 2000 and December 2008, were analyzed. Fourteen men and seventeen women, with a median age of 27 years, were submitted to autologous transplantation for relapsed (n = 21) or refractory (n = 10) Hodgkin's lymphoma. RESULTS: Mortality related to treatment in the first 100 days after transplant was 3.2%. With a mean follow-up period of 18 months (range: 1 to 88 months), the probability of global survival and progression-free survival in 18 months was 84 and 80%, respectively. The probability of global survival and progression-free survival at 18 months for patients with chemosensitive relapses (n = 21) was 95 and 90%, respectively, versus 60 and 45% for patients with relapses resistant to chemotherapy (n = 10) (p = 0.001 for global survival; p = 0.003 for progression-free survival). In the multivariate analysis, absence of disease or pretransplant disease < 5 cm were favorable factors for global survival (p= 0.02; RR: 0.072; 95%CI: 0.01-0.85) and progression-free survival (p= 0.01; RR: 0.040; 95%CI: 0.007-0.78). CONCLUSION: Autologous transplantation of stem-cells is a therapeutic option for Hodgkin's lymphoma patients after the first relapse. Promising results were observed in patients with a low tumor burden at transplant.

Transplante autólogo de células-tronco em linfoma de Hodgkin: análise de uma opção terapêutica / Autologous stem-cell transplantation in Hodgkin's lymphoma: analysis of a therapeutic option

Objective: To report the clinical progress of patients with Hodgkin’slymphoma treated with autologous transplantation after failure or relapse of first-line treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Methods: The results of a retrospective analysis of 31 patients submitted to autologous transplantation as second-line treatment, between April 2000 and December 2008, were analyzed. Fourteen men and seventeen women, with a median age of 27 years, were submitted to autologous transplantation for relapsed (n = 21)or refractory (n = 10) Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Results: Mortality related to treatment in the first 100 days after transplant was 3.2%. With a mean follow-up period of 18 months (range: 1 to 88 months), the probability of global survival and progression-free survival in 18 months was 84 and 80%, respectively. The probability of global survival and progression-free survival at 18 months for patients withchemosensitive relapses (n = 21) was 95 and 90%, respectively, versus 60 and 45% for patients with relapses resistant to chemotherapy(n = 10) (p = 0.001 for global survival; p = 0.003 for progressionfreesurvival). In the multivariate analysis, absence of disease or pretransplantdisease < 5 cm were favorable factors for global survival (p= 0.02; RR: 0.072; 95%CI: 0.01-0.85) and progression-free survival(p= 0.01; RR: 0.040; 95%CI: 0.007-0.78). Conclusion: Autologoustransplantation of stem-cells is a therapeutic option for Hodgkin’slymphoma patients after the first relapse. Promising results were observed in patients with a low tumor burden at transplant.

Objetivo: Relatar a evolução dos pacientes com linfoma de Hodgkintratados com transplante autólogo após falha ou recidiva do tratamentode primeira escolha com quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia. Métodos: Foram analisados os resultados de uma análise retrospectiva em 31 pacientes submetidos a transplante autólogo como terapia de segunda escolha, entre Abril de 2000 e Dezembro de 2008. Quatorzehomens e dezessete mulheres, com idade mediana de 27 anos, foram submetidos a transplante autólogo por linfoma de Hodgkin após recidiva (n = 21) ou por refratariedade (n = 10). Resultados: A mortalidade relacionada ao tratamento nos primeiros 100 dias pós transplante foi de 3,2%. Com um acompanhamento médio de 18 meses(variação: 1 a 88), a probabilidade de sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de progressão em 18 meses foi de 84 e 80%, respectivamente. A probabilidade de sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de progressão aos 18 meses para pacientes com recidivas quimiossensíveis (n = 21) foi de 95 e 90%, respectivamente, versus 60 e 45% para os pacientes com recidiva resistente à quimioterapia (n = 10) (p = 0,001 para sobrevida global; p = 0,003 para sobrevida livre de progressão). Na análise multivariada, a ausência de doença ou doença pré-transplante < 5 cm foi um fator favorável para a sobrevida global (p= 0,02; RR: 0,072; IC95%: 0,01-0,85) e sobrevida livre de progressão (p= 0,01;RR: 0,040; IC95%: 0,007-0,78). Conclusão: O transplante autólogode células-tronco constitui uma opção terapêutica para pacientes com linfoma de Hodgkin após uma primeira recaída. Resultados promissores foram observados em pacientes com baixa carga tumoral ao transplante.

Thymoma followed by aplastic anemia: two different responses to immunosuppressive therapy

Aplastic anemia is an uncommon complication of thymoma and is extremely infrequent after the surgical removal of a thymic tumor. Aplastic anemia is a result of marrow failure and is characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and severely depressed marrow cellularity; it may be an autoimmune manifestation of thymoma. As thymoma-associated hematological dyscrasias, which include pure red cell aplasia, aplastic anemia and myasthenia gravis, are supposed to be of immunologic origin, two cases of very severe aplastic anemia following the resection of lymphocytic thymomas treated with immunosuppression are herein presented.

Amphotericin B-induced severe hypertension in a young patient: case report and review of the literature.

The description of the association between the use of amphotericin-B (amB) and the development of systemic arterial hypertension was only anecdotal so far. We describe the case of a 19-year-old female patient who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia and developed prolonged neutropenia after reinduction chemotherapy. Candida parapsilosis was isolated from blood cultures, and amB was started. Sustained severe arterial hypertension developed shortly after amB administration and continued for several hours after the infusion. Aldosterone, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels were normal. After clinical improvement, amB was replaced by fluconazole, and blood pressure normalized. Severe hypertension may be an adverse event associated with AmB treatment that requires intensive treatment.