Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer. Association with Clinical and Pathological Parameters.

In patients with primary resectable breast cancer, a positive correlation between the age and the count of CD16+ lymphocytes and a negative correlation of this parameter with the number of regulatory CD4+CD25+CD127- cells and proliferative activity of Ki-67 tumor cells were revealed. Higher level of Ki-67 was associated with reduced number of effector lymphocytes (CD8+ and CD16+) and elevated content of regulatory CD8+CD11b-CD28- T cells. The absence of expression of estrogen receptors was associated with reduced cytotoxic potential of CD8+ T cell in comparison with ER+ breast cancer. The percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+ and CD8+CD11b+CD28+) among lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor was higher in PR+ breast cancer than in PR- tumors. With increasing the tumor load, the number of lymphocytes expressing CD16 marker and their cytotoxic potential decreased.

Effect of Herbal Homeopathic Monopreparations on the Rate of Tissue Lymphatic Drainage in Healthy Mice.

We studied the effects of homeopathic monopreparations of plant origin Atropa Belladonna and Rhus toxicodendron in three dilutions (potencies) on interstitial humoral transport in healthy laboratory mice assessed by the rate of excretion of the lymphotropic label from the mesentery according to the Oyvin's method (vital biomicroscopy of intestinal mesentery in small animals). The homeopathic monopreparations exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the interstitial transport and lymphatic drainage in tissues of healthy mice.

[Eribulin in the treatment for metastatic breast cancer].

Eribulin is a novel antimicrotubule drug, which is approved in the second line treatment of advanced breast cancer in patients who received anthracyclines and taxanes. The article presents the results of two huge phase III clinical trials (301, 305) and their pooled analysis. Eribulin monotherapy demonstates staistically significant improved overall survival compared to standart treatments (15.2 mnths vs 12.8 mnths, p = 0.03 in pooled analysis). Certain subgroups of patients--Her2-negative and triple-negative have the most survival benefit. According to own experience with Eribulin inside the clinical trials, presented in the article, the drug is effective and well tolerated even by older patients.

Lipid content and fatty acid composition of Porosira glacialis and Attheya longicornis in response to carbon dioxide (CO2) aeration.

In the current study two novel psychrophilic diatoms Porosira glacialis and Attheya longicornis were tested for suitability to CO2 mitigation coupled with production of the physiologically requisite omega- 3 fatty acids. This study is in line with the worldwide conducted research aimed at applying biorefinery concept to heavy polluting industries. Since the production of algal high value compounds, i.e. essential fatty acids, relies on utilization of residual CO2 emissions coming from industry, the costs of such production maybe substantially reduced. Besides, the ecological benefits of the biorefinery concept being implemented are obvious, since CO2 is one of the major greenhouse gases. The current research has shown that one of the tested microalgal species, the diatom P. glacialis showed good tolerance to high (20-25%) levels of CO2 and maintained growth rates comparable to controls. The total lipid content in the CO2 aerated culture increased from 8.91 to 10.57% in cell dry mass. Additionally, the content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increased from 3.90 to 5.75%, while the concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased from 26.59 to 23.66%. In contrast, A. longicornis did not demonstrate any significant increase in total lipid content. Besides, its growth was hampered by high levels of CO2 aeration.

[State of the brachial artery wall in patients with and without metabolic syndrome].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the condition of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of the brachial artery in patients with metabolic syndrome, as well as to determine the clinical and laboratory factors associated with disordered macrovascular reactivity. The study comprised one hundred and thirty-two 35-to-50-year-old somatically healthy men. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was made in accordance with the WHO criteria. Insulin resistance was assessed according to the HOMA-IR index. To evaluate the interrelationships between the risk factors of atherosclerosis and the pattern of peripheral vascular reactions, the study was carried out in two groups of patients: one comprising patients with metabolic syndrome, and the control group. The increment of the brachial artery's diameter after decompression in the control group turned out reliably more pronounced as compared with that in the study group patients (averagely 11.9+/-0.44 % for the control group subjects vs. 9.0+/-0.37% for the study group patients, p=0.047). In the group of the patients with metabolic syndrome, the diameter of the brachial artery after the test with reactive hyperaemia varied in inverse proportion with the degree of insulin resistance in accordance with the HOMA index (p=0.04, r=-0.25). Also an inverse correlation was observed with the body mass index (r=-0.43, p<0.001), the duration of arterial hypertension (r=-0.29, p=0.014), and the level of triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins (r=-0.28, p=0.02).

[Predictive significance of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome for assessment of the degree of endothelium disfunction and early signs of atherosclerotic lesion].

The contribution of the clinical or laboratory risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome to the changes in peripheral vascular reactions and to the natural history of atherosclerosis has not been established until now. The aim of the work was to study interrelations between the risk factors entering the symptom complex of the metabolic syndrome, to assess their impact on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and constrictor component of vascular reactivity as well as on the change in the thickness of the intima-media complex (TIMC) of the common carotid artery (CCA). The study accrued 122 practically normal men aged 35 to 50 years. Stepwise multiple regression analysis has established interrelations between the disorder of vasoregulating endothelium function and the intensity of atherosclerotic lesion according to the maximal value of the TIMC of the CCA, glucose concentration 120 min after glucose load, IMT, the signs of arterial hypertension. The data have been obtained that confirmed the hypothesis of the role played by endothelium dysfunction manifesting by the disturbance of vasoregulating function, as an early marker of atherosclerosis. Carbohydrate metabolism, tissue sensitivity to insulin and the presence of arterial hypertension were most significant predictive factors of the TIMC of the CCA and disorder of arterial wall function.

[The expression of leukocytic and related antigens on the cells of human breast cancer cells]. / Ekspressiia leikotsitarnykh i rodstvennykh im antigenov na kletkakh raka molochnoi zhelezy cheloveka.

Certain expression regularities of different markers in human breast cancer cells are demonstrated. Monomorphic determinants of HLA class II antigen are detected only in case of HLA class I expression and cancer-embryonal antigen (CEA); the latter is combined with HLA class I and ICO-84 antigens at a significantly higher rate. The expression effect of CEA and HLA-DR on the metastatic spreading rate of regional lymph nodes is marked. A heterogeneity of the single tumour and in patients with malignant breast cancer is determined by the presence of the "leucocytic" antigens and CEA. In parallel studies monoclonal antibodies (MAB) HMFG-1 and a common epithelial antigen are assayed. The antigen interacting with MAB HEA-125 is characterized by the monomorphic expression.

[An effective inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase]. / Effektivnyi ingibitor dekarboksilazy S-adenozilmetionina.

New analogues of cAMP, namely 2'-phosphate of cAMP and its esters, were obtained by direct phosphorylation of N6-benzoyladenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate with 2-cyanoethyl phosphate in the presence of DCC followed by the removal of protecting groups.

[Differences in antimutagenic activity of vitamin preparations in human cells under the effect of various types of mutagens]. / Razlichiia v antimutagennoi aktivnosti vitaminnykh preparatov v kletakh cheloveka pri vozdeistvii mutagenov razlichnoi prirody.

The effect of ascorbic acid, retinol, and their mixture on the survival of human cells treated by mutagens was studied. The results provide evidence about the specific protective activity of each vitamin with respect to specific mutagenic effect. Information about specificity of "antimutagen-mutagen" effect accounting for mutagen cytotoxic properties can be readily obtained with the use of the method of vital cell staining with Tripane Blue.

[The role of epithelial antigens in diagnosis and staging of breast cancer]. / Rol' épitelial'nykh antigenov v diagnostike i stadirovanii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The study of different epithelial antigen expression has been performed in 183 breast cancers. In 73 patients regional lymph nodes were studied as well. Panepithelial antigen Egp-34 (Mab HEA-125) was expressed in 100% of primary tumors and metastases. Antigen MUC-1 (Mab ICO-25) was identified in 93% of breast cancers. Monomorphic type of expression in tumor cells was typical for Egp-34, MUC-1 being in certain cases expressed as a proportion of cells. Additional immunohistochemical study of regional lymph nodes with Mab to Egp34 and MUC-1 provides a 10% increase in the rate of breast cancer metastases detection compared to histological examination alone. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was useful in identification of metastases only in CEA-positive breast cancers.

[Combination of taxotere and doxorubicin in chemotherapy of disseminated breast cancer]. / Kombinatsiia taksotera i doksorubitsina v khimioterapii disseminirovannogo raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Chemotherapy (taxotere + doxorubicin) was given to 46 patients with disseminated breast cancer: first line--27 (group A) and second line (including treatment after anthracycline-containing combinations and taxol--19) (group B). Average effectiveness in group A was 70.4% (10/27); group B--42.1% (8/19). The highest response was shown by metastases to the lung, liver, peripheral lymph nodes and primary tumors; least response--metastases to bones and soft tissues. Remission duration ranged 3-26 months. Median remission duration in group A was significantly longer than in group B (13.3 +/- 1.0 and 7.0 +/- 1.4 months, respectively) (p(0 < 05). Remission is still on in 11 patients (more than 26 months). Toxic poisoning was moderate: neutropenia stage III-IV was reported in 82/225 cycles (36.4%) lasting more than 7 days in 4/225 cycles (1.7%), febrile neutropenia stage 1-II--10/225 cycles (4.4%); stomatitis and diarrhea stage III-IV--1/225 cycles (0.44%). Treatment was suspended because of hypertension in one patient. No other side effects stage III-IV were registered.

[Combination therapy including mutamycin (mitomycin C) in the treatment of advanced colorectal and gastric cancer]. / Kombinatsii s mutamitsinom (mitomitsin C) v lechenii disseminirovannogo raka tolstoi kishki i zheludka.

The paper reports the data on treatment of 57 patients with disseminated gastric and colorectal carcinoma using a combination of mutamycin + 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin + cisplatin. Overall response was 26.3% including complete--7.01 and partial--19.29%. Mean duration of complete and partial remission was 10.88 +/- 5.65 and 5.18 +/- 0.82 months, respectively. Treatment as first-line chemotherapy was significantly more effective (36.1 and 9.5%). The regimens proved relatively low-toxic and therefore, can be recommended for out-patient application.

[Immunocyte subpopulations in histologic sections of breast tumors]. / Subpopuliatsii immunotsitov v gistologicheskikh srezakh raka molochnoi zhelezy.

A study of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was carried out on cryostat sections of breast tumors in 27 patients using 24 monoclonal antibodies. Two types of infiltration--stromal and intraparenchymal--were identified. Certain correlations characteristic of subpopulation levels of immunocompetent cells identifiable by monoclonal antibody clusters CD8, CD22, CD38 and CD7; CD74 and CD4; CD11b and CD22, CD37 were established. The study also established a correlation between levels of immunocompetent cells infiltration (CD4+, CD7+, CD8+ and CD11b+) and tumor size and regional lymph node involvement.

[Combination therapy of patients with locally advanced breast cancer]. / Kombinirovannoe lechenie mestnorasprostranennogo raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The investigation involved 30 patients with locally advanced breast cancer (T3-4N1-2M0). Combination therapy comprised two courses: carboplatin 300 mg/m2, i.v., dropwise, on day 1; doxorubicin 30 mg/m2, i.v., bolus-flow, on days 1 and 8; 5-fluorouracil 350 mg/m2, i.v., bolus-flow, on days 1 and 8, and irradiation of the breast and regional metastasis area (single target dose--2 Gy, total target dose--40 Gy). Overall clinical response was 96.7% (29/30), mammography-wise--83.3% (25/30). All patients were found operable and radical mastectomy was performed in 25. Therapeutic effect stage III-IV was histologically confirmed in 40% (25/30), stage I-II--60% (15/25). Median overall and recurrence-free survival was not reached within 36 months in 24/30, relapse-free survival was been reported in 16/24 (66.6%), tumor progression--8/24 (33.4%). Three-year; host-mastectomy recurrence-free survival--68.8 +/- 16.0%.