Therapeutic inertia during isotretinoin treatment of juvenile acne by dermatologists, paediatricians and general practitioners.

BACKGROUND: Isotretinoin is an effective treatment for severe juvenile acne, but it appears to be underused in relation to the recommendations. Therapeutic inertia is defined as a failure to initiate or intensify treatment even when warranted by the recommendations. The aim of this study was to investigate therapeutic inertia among dermatologists (D), paediatricians (P), and general practitioners (GPs) in initiating isotretinoin for moderate-to-very severe juvenile acne. METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to French physicians through medical societies via Internet. The questions explored the role in inertia of factors related to physicians, patients, parents, and the healthcare system, and evaluated barriers and facilitators to prescribing isotretinoin. RESULTS: In all, 768 physicians responded to the survey (528 D, 178P, and 61 GPs; mean age: 51 years; women: 78 %). Their responses revealed that 99 % of dermatologists felt comfortable prescribing isotretinoin, compared with 8 % and 15 % of paediatricians and GPs (p < 0.05); 93 % of dermatologists were aware of the current guidelines compared with 37 % of paediatricians and GPs. Under 50 % of the physicians had received training on acne in the previous 3 years, regardless of specialty. The most frequently identified factors for inertia were concerns over the psychological consequences of the treatment in adolescents, exclusive requests from parents, and patient unavailability. Paediatricians reported having insufficient knowledge of current recommendations, a lack of training, and a tendency to anticipate poor compliance. Paediatricians and GPs considered that access to first-time prescriptions and peer-to-peer exchanges would constitute facilitating factors in their use of isotretinoin. DISCUSSION: Concerns over the psychiatric consequences of isotretinoin in adolescents, the need for frequent follow-up, and lack of continuing medical education were identified as factors favouring inertia in the initiation of isotretinoin treatment in patients with moderate-to-very severe juvenile acne, particularly among paediatricians and GPs. Potential strategies to overcome these barriers include regular training, simplified recommendations in French, and access to first-time prescription for paediatricians and GPs.

Counselling on sun protection, a survey of French paediatricians.

BACKGROUND: High sun exposure during childhood is an important risk factor for skin cancers at adulthood. Paediatricians are first in line to provide sun protection (SP) information. OBJECTIVE: To describe paediatricians' attitudes towards SP counselling and compare French and American paediatricians' behaviours. METHODS: Methodology used by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2001. Validation of the French version of the questionnaire. Survey of all 1108 paediatrician members of the Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA) RESULTS More than 90% of paediatricians agreed that skin cancers are a Public Health concern, that preventing episodic high sun exposures during childhood would reduce the risk of adult melanoma, and that it is a paediatrician's role to educate parents/patients on SP. Three quarters reported counselling all of their patients. The most important SP recommendation was to avoid sun during peak hours, followed by sunscreen use. Only 48.3% of paediatricians rated SP as very important to their patients' health, at the 8th rank among selected preventive care topics. The most frequently identified barrier to SP counselling was cost of sunscreens followed by lack of sufficient time. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of paediatricians believe that prevention of skin cancers is a worthy issue and it is their role to educate patients, but less than half of them consider SP as an important topic among selected preventive care issues. Although paediatricians seem to know SP measures well, their (counselling?) seems to respond to patients' preoccupations more than to expert recommendations. French and American behaviours show some major differences.

Children and screens: A survey by French pediatricians.

INTRODUCTION: Screens are increasingly prevalent within families. The excessive use of screens by children has negative consequences. To measure the use of screens, we undertook an investigation among children being followed by pediatricians. METHODS: An invitation to participate was sent electronically to 1460 private practice pediatricians. They were asked to complete the questionnaire on screen use by children under 12 years of age during a consultation, according to statements made by parents. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-four pediatricians submitted completed questionnaires involving 428 children. Among the 197 children under 3 years of age, 92 had played with an interactive screen for a median duration of 30min during the preceding week; 29% of the children were alone at the time. One hundred and thirty-nine children had watched television for a median weekly duration of 75min. Of the 231 children 3-11 years of age, 108 had played with an interactive screen for a median time of 30min the day before the consultation, and 50% of them were alone at the time. One hundred and seventy-two children watched television for a median daily duration of 45min. There was a correlation between these children's screen time and their mother's (r=0.36). The television was on during meals and continuously in 35% and 21% of the families, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Children start looking at screens early, too often watching unsuitable programs, and too often without a parent's present. Regardless of the child's age, pediatricians must ask parents how much time their children are viewing screens, advise them accordingly, and warn them of the consequences of excessive use.

Children and screens: Groupe de Pédiatrie Générale (Société française de pédiatrie) guidelines for pediatricians and families.

The Groupe de Pédiatrie Générale (General Pediatrics Group), a member of the Société française de pédiatrie (French Pediatrics Society), has proposed guidelines for families and doctors regarding children's use of digital screens. A number of guidelines have already been published, in particular by the French Academy of Sciences in 2013 and the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2016. These new guidelines were preceded by an investigation into the location of digital screen use by young children in France, a survey of medical concerns on the misuse of digital devices, and a review of their documented benefits. The Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel (Higher Council on Audiovisual Technology) and the Union Nationale de Associations Familiales (National Union of Family Associations) have taken part in the preparation of this document. Five simple messages are proposed: understanding without demonizing; screen use in common living areas, but not in bedrooms; preserve time with no digital devices (morning, meals, sleep, etc.); provide parental guidance for screen use; and prevent social isolation.

[The private pediatrician in the clinical care pathway for children affected by specific learning disorders in France]. / Le pédiatre libéral dans le parcours de soins des enfants présentant des troubles « dys ¼.

The clinical care pathway for children presenting specific learning disorders, including language, motor coordination, and attention disorders is based on different levels of assessment by the professionals involved. In France, a first step of organization was established in 2002 by founding of a network of structures devoted to clinical assessment of complex cases, research, and teaching for the professionals involved. Although this organization proved to contribute an essential service, the demand largely exceeded the availability of access. A three-level organization was therefore suggested in 2013 including a first-level devoted to clinical analysis of simple cases, together with the professionals involved in rehabilitation (i.e., speech therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists), a second-level in charge of analyzing complex situations, involving comorbidities and failure of first-level care, together with the already structured third level of assessment devoted to genetic disorders, severe situations, and association with neurological conditions. To plan the practical application of these different levels, we assessed the situation of ambulatory pediatricians working in private practice, because this network appeared to be the most available in France to play these roles. A survey was therefore conducted among the main representative association of pediatricians (Association française de pédiatrie ambulatoire), including 1565 members of the 2700 in activity in France, on their level of knowledge and clinical expertise, and the drawbacks encountered in their practice in this field. Of the 481 respondents (36%), 25% were not yet in 2016 self-confident in assuming a first-level role, while 56% were ready to participate in a first-level response and 18% in a second-level response. In the 5 upcoming years, the vast majority of pediatricians intended to progress in their involvement, which should provide all regions in France with a network of professionals able to respond to the specific needs of children (48% in the first-level and 43.5% in the second-level of expertise). Specific obstacles have already been encountered by professionals who wish to play a full role in this domain: insufficient funding for medical evaluations and lack of access to specialized evaluations. This survey emphasizes the need for obtaining access to both practical and theoretical professional development programs (77.5%), funding of clinical assessment time (76%), all of which need to be answered by the French health authorities. To date, very few nationwide programs of clinical care pathways in these fields have been developed, but examples are available in France on Alzheimer disease and elderly populations, providing a model for children affected by specific development and learning difficulties. Setting up a clinical care pathway by the French Ministry of Health (Haute Autorité de santé) assumes that the needs expressed by ambulatory pediatricians will be taken into account, including the design and implementation of Medical Education programs according to the level of expertise, together with the adequate funding of diagnosis, follow-up, and care pathway coordination time.

[Early discharge from the maternity ward: telephone survey about the availability of private-practice and public health pediatricians in Ile-de-France]. / Disponibilité des pédiatres libéraux et communautaires en Ile-de-France après une sortie précoce de maternité.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the possibility and time period within which a mother and her newborn can consult a pediatrician after their early discharge from the maternity ward. METHODS: In May 2004, 2 investigators presenting themselves as mothers just discharged from the maternity ward, called pediatricians' offices and public infant cliniques (PMI centers) in the Paris metropolitan region, to request appointments. RESULTS: Of 99 pediatricians' offices contacted, 89 (89%) offered appointments, for an average of 4.4 days later. Of the 93 PMI centers contacted, 55 (59%) offered appointments by telephone, with a mean waiting time of 18 days. CONCLUSION: This study, conducted in the spring of 2004 in the Paris metropolitan region, showed that private-practice pediatricians are capable of taking over management of newborns rapidly after early discharge from the maternity ward. It is more difficult to make appointments by telephone with PMI centers, which operate differently, and the delay is substantially longer. We underline that these results observed in a region with a high density of pediatricians and during a favourable period for managing appointments. Further studies are needed in other regions and at different periods. The management of newborns after early discharge from the maternity ward should be actually throught the arising development of health networks.

[The pediatrician's waiting room: a place for health education?]. / La salle d'attente du pédiatre: lieu d'éducation pour la santé?

OBJECTIVES: To assess the presence and impact of health education messages in pediatricians' waiting rooms. METHODS: In September 2001, 81 pediatricians completed a questionnaire about the furnishings and equipment in their waiting rooms. They also distributed a questionnaire about waiting room health education messages to parents, to be completed at home. RESULTS: The analysis considered 1830 questionnaires. Health education messages were posted in 91% of the waiting rooms and most frequently concerned children's accidents, vaccines, hygiene and nutrition. The best topics that the parents remembered involved child neglect, antibiotic therapy, AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, and nutrition. Although memorization of the messages was not influenced by duration of the wait, it was higher among parents who had previously visited the pediatrician. These messages led 14% of the parents to discuss them spontaneously with their pediatrician. CONCLUSION: Health education messages are posted in nearly all the waiting rooms studied; parents remember them in a variable and rather inexplicable order. Posting these messages demonstrates the pediatricians' willingness to be involved - beyond the simple consultation - in the health education of children and families. Identifying the real impact of these messages would require further study.

[Unscheduled pediatrician office visits: A national survey]. / Enquête nationale sur les consultations non programmées en pédiatrie de ville.

INTRODUCTION: Unscheduled visits (UV) are defined as visits to the family pediatrician (FP) without an appointment or when the appointment was made less than 24h before. Because the number of FPs has decreased since the 2000s, the FP might be less available for UVs and that might be one of the reasons for the increase in emergency department visits. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the proportion of UVs among visits with a FP. The secondary objective was to describe the daily activity of FPs. METHODS: In February 2012, e-mail requests were sent to 1022 FPs, asking them to complete an anonymous questionnaire online at the website of the French Association of Pediatricians in Outpatient Practice (AFPA). The questionnaire was about 1 day of activity. RESULTS: A total of 434 FPs participated in the study (42.5%). Among the 10,263 visits a day conducted by these FPs, 4574 were UVs (44.6% [95% CI: 43.6-45.5]). Two hundred and fifty FPs (59.5%) could not conduct one or more UVs because of a lack of availability. The number of children who were not treated on the same day because of a lack of availability was 959, i.e., 2.2 children per day and pediatrician. An absence of off-hour pediatricians in outpatient practice during weekends and during the night was reported by 61% (266) and 90% (391) of the FPs, respectively. CONCLUSION: FPs' activity includes a considerable number of UVs. However, a large number of UVs could not be made because of a lack of pediatricians' availability.

Radiation sensitivity of Bloom's syndrome lymphocytes during S and G2 phases.

In order to study chromosome sensitivity of Bloom's syndrome (BS) cells in relation to the replication stage, gamma-ray irradiation was performed immediately before adding bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to lymphocyte cultures of one BS patient and of one control. It was found that BS cells are much more sensitive to the irradiation than control cells at the end of S and at G2 phases. The rate of induction of chromosome breaks is significantly increased and that of chromatid breaks and exchanges is also increased, though to a lesser degree. Our results also favor the existence of a cell subpopulation in BS characterized by a slow cycle, a high spontaneous chromosome aberration rate, and a high radiation sensitivity.

[Office-based pediatricians' knowledge and adherence to a consensus statement on acute rhinopharyngitis in the child]. / Connaissance et application par des pédiatres de ville de la conférence de consensus sur les rhinopharyngites aiguës de l'enfant. Groupe AREPEGE.

AIM: To assess the impact on community-based pediatricians of the conclusions of the 10th Conférence de Consensus en Thérapeutique Anti-Infectieuse (CCTAI) on the antibiotic treatment in acute nasopharyngitis (ANP). METHODS: Fifty-six pediatricians took part in the study. Over a period of 15 days in October 1998, all the children (n = 997) presenting an ANP were prospectively included. The prescription of an antibiotic treatment as well as the clinical criteria authorizing it, according to the conclusions of the 10th CCTAI, were recorded. The participants were not told the purpose of the study. RESULT: Sixty percent of the pediatricians questioned were familiar with the 10th CCTAI. Forty-five percent said they complied with it, but only 7% stated it had changed their day-to-day clinical practice. Based on the conclusions of the 10th CCTAI, an antibiotic treatment would have been discussed for 38% of the children. Twenty-four percent of them were given one. For 54% of the children that were given an antibiotic, such treatment was disapproved by the 10th CCTAI. No significant association has been established between familiarity with the 10th CCTAI and the following criteria: gender, age, hospital activity, years of practice, medical journals read, and belief in the existence of a license for one or more antibiotics for ANP in children. However, this last criterion was significantly (P = 0.03) associated with an increase in the percentage of antibiotics prescribed: 29% vs 16%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The 10th CCTAI has had a moderate impact on the day-to-day practice of the pediatricians who took part in our study. Several explanations are discussed. The authors emphasize the virtual lack of indications of antibiotics in ANP.

[Telephone activity in outpatient pediatric practice]. / Activité téléphonique en pédiatrie ambulatoire.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the amount of telephone activity in outpatient pediatric practice. METHODS: Seventy-nine pediatricians belonging to a continuing medical education group (Arepege) prospectively recorded data about all the telephone calls they took personally for 3 days, from 4 to 6 December 2000. They noted the number of calls each day and their duration, the caller, the reason for and the response to each call. RESULTS: In 3 days, the 79 pediatricians received 4413 calls, for a mean of 19 calls daily for each practitioner. The calls were brief, 86% of them lasting less than 2 min; each pediatrician spent an average of 26 min a day on the telephone; most calls (82%) came from children's mothers. The reasons for the calls were: request for appointment (1035 calls, 23.5%), request for advice not associated with an acute disease (1416 calls, 32%), the onset of acute symptoms (1961 calls, 44.5%). An appointment was made in 26% of the cases for which the reason for the call was illness. CONCLUSION: Pediatric private practice involves substantial telephone activity, which generates no healthcare costs, but does present risks that might be attenuated by the use of appropriate algorithms for conducting these telephone interviews.

[Mucolytic agents for acute respiratory tract infections in infants: a pharmacoepidemiologic problem?]. / Fluidifiants bronchiques dans les infections respiratoires aiguës du nourrisson: un problème pharmacoépidémiologique?

OBJECTIVE: To study the use of mucolytics agents, i.e. acetylcystein and carbocystein, in infants. To evaluate their efficacy and safety for their main indications. METHODS: A prospective one-day survey of prescriptions among 95 office-based pediatricians. A systematic review of the literature. RESULTS: Among 1327 prescriptions regarding infants, 4.3% were mucolytics agents. Main indications were rhinopharyngitis, isolated cough, and acute bronchitis. Our review did not identify any study of rigorous methodological quality that supported the efficacy or safety of mucolytics agents in infants for their in-label (isolated cough, acute bronchitis) and off-label (rhinopharyngitis) indications. Six cases of infants, aged less than eight months, presenting paradoxical bronchial congestion during a treatment with mucolytics agents, have been reported to the French pharmacovigilance system. No causal relationship was established from these cases because of a possible protopathic bias. DISCUSSION: Our results concerning mucolytics agents use are similar to those reported by the French Health Care Funds. In addition to the lack of studies on efficacy, no studies on the dose-response relationship were available, leading to suggested dose regimens in the French license of acetylcystein ranging from 44.4 to 16.4 mg kg-1 j-1 between one to 24 months. These dose regimens could predispose to overdosing in the youngest infants as it seems observed in the six reported cases. CONCLUSION: In infants, mucolytics agents efficacy has never been demonstrated and some elements suggest poor safety (paradoxical bronchial congestion).

[Information recorded by maternity ward staff in permanent pediatric health records]. / Informations portées dans les carnets de santé en maternité.

OBJECTIVES: To study the frequency with which maternity ward staff complete the perinatal information section of infants' permanent pediatric health records. METHODS: In 2000, 71 pediatricians in private practice and on staff in a general pediatric ward in a tertiary hospital in Paris carried out an observational study to assess which indicators were reported at what rates. Pediatricians were also asked which information about the perinatal admission they would find helpful in these records. RESULTS: One thousand seven hundred and eighty-five pediatric health records were studied. The frequency of completed information varied from 5 to 100%, depending on the item. Of the items reported rarely, some, such as thoracic circumference, were obsolete, while others were very important (response to noise, light reflex). The new information desired by office-based pediatricians involved mainly risk factors for vertical infections (maternal fever during delivery, prolonged rupture of the membranes). CONCLUSION: Although the rate of completion of information in the pediatric health record was globally good, some important data should be reported more often (sensorial screening), while other items could be deleted. New information about the pregnancy and delivery would be useful.

[Written personalized action plan for atopic dermatitis: a patient education tool]. / Dermatite atopique : évaluation de la perception d'un plan d'action personnalisé auprès de pédiatres libéraux.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most frequent children's chronic skin disease. Management of AD can be difficult because local treatments must be adapted to the skin's condition. Between consultations, sudden changes in the state of the disease can make it difficult to manage local treatment. Parents and children need information that will help them adapt their treatment to the course of their disease. Aiming to enable parents to better treat their atopic child by themselves, we have developed a personalized action plan in order to simplify, personalize, and adapt the medical prescription to the state of the disease. The Personalized Written Action Plan for Atopics (PA2P) is based on the model used in the treatment of asthma, with integrated specificities for AD in children. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and pertinence of the PA2P for pediatricians to use in private practice. A total of 479 pediatricians answered a questionnaire sent by e-mail. The vast majority of the respondents gave positive reviews of the tool: 99% of the pediatricians declared the tool to be pertinent, qualifying it as clear and logical. The PA2P appeared to be appropriate for the atopic patient because it improves the families' involvement in the application of local treatment by offering personalized care and by simplifying the doctor's prescription. Finally, 72% of doctors responding to the questionnaire were willing to take part in future studies involving parents. More than a gadget, the PA2P could become a useful tool for therapeutic patient education.

Congenital dislocation of the hip: optimal screening strategies in 2014.

A prospective multi-centre nationwide study of patients with congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) diagnosed after 3 months of age was conducted with support from the French Society for Paediatric Orthopaedics (Société Française d'Orthopédie Pédiatrique [SoFOP]), French Organisation for Outpatient Paediatrics (Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire [AFPA]), and French-Speaking Society for Paediatric and Pre-Natal Imaging (Société Francophone d'Imagerie Pédiatrique et Prénatale [SFIPP]). The results showed inadequacies in clinical screening for CDH that were patent when assessed quantitatively and probably also present qualitatively. These findings indicate a need for a communication and educational campaign aimed at highlighting good clinical practice guidelines in the field of CDH screening. The usefulness of routine ultrasound screening has not been established. The findings from this study have been used by the authors and French National Health Authority (Haute Autorité de Santé [HAS]) to develop recommendations about CDH screening. There is an urgent need for a prospective randomised multi-centre nationwide study, which should involve primary-care physicians.

[Treatment of acute gastroenteritis in private practice: a survey of 641 pediatricians]. / Pratiques de prise en charge des gastro-entérites aiguës : enquête auprès de 641 pédiatres libéraux.

UNLABELLED: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a very common reason for pediatric consultations. Various expert committees have issued guidelines for its management, based on systematic use of an oral rehydration solution (ORS), early appropriate nutrition (most recent previous diet), and avoiding routine treatment with medication. The aim of the study was to assess the application of these guidelines by pediatricians in outpatient practice for mild to moderate AGE. A secondary objective was to question pediatricians about their practices for vaccination against rotavirus. METHODS: In June 2012, e-mail requests were sent to 1187 pediatricians in private practice, asking them to complete an anonymous questionnaire online at the website of the French Association of Pediatricians in Outpatient Practice. RESULTS: A total of 641 (54%) responses could be analyzed. Nearly all the pediatricians recommended early resumption of nutrition after administration of ORS. Depending on the child's age, 16 to 23% reported they would recommend resuming feeding with lactose-free milk, and 80% would advise an antidiarrhea diet for children older than 6 months. The drugs prescribed most often were, in decreasing order, racecadotril (acetorphan), diosmectite, and probiotics. Although 90% of the pediatricians prescribed vaccination against rotavirus, 65% estimated that it was performed in more than half of all children. CONCLUSION: This study of the management of moderate acute gastroenteritis shows variable adhesion to guidelines by pediatricians treating outpatients. Although ORS, maintenance of breastfeeding, and early nutrition after ORS are now widely applied, the type of nutrition recommended often failed to meet guidelines. Drug prescription is still too frequent. Anti-rotavirus vaccine is prescribed often but is administered much less frequently.