Quantitative proteomic analysis of A549 cells infected with human adenovirus type 2.

Human adenovirus (HAdV-2) is considered a common agent of respiratory tract infection in the human, especially in children. Virus infection is believed to modify host cell expression necessary for its replication and therefore cell proteome can reflect the changes of specific cellular pathways during infection. This study aims to identify differentially expressed proteins of A549 cells in response to HAdV-2 infection using a label-free liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry strategy (LC-MS/MS) at 24 and 48 hpi. A total of 248 and 216 proteins were deregulated by 1.35-fold at 24 and 48 hpi, respectively. Among them, 155 were upregulated at 24 hpi and 86 at 48 hpi, whereas 93 and 130 were downregulated at 24 and 48 hpi, respectively. The identified proteins were involved in different pathways as energy, transcription, protein synthesis, cytoskeleton, rescue and defense, cell cycle, DNA processing, transportation, and metabolism. Glycolytic pathway and histone deregulated proteins were further confirmed by chemical testing and immunofluorescence, respectively. The results suggest that the identified proteins influenced HAdV-2 infection in the context of viral replication and propagation. This study complement proteomic data obtained from previous studies and reinforce the understanding of the relationship between HAdV and host cell.

Proteomic analysis of A-549 cells infected with human adenovirus 40 by LC-MS.

Human Adenoviruses (HAdVs) are etiological agents of different syndromes such as gastroenteritis, cystitis, ocular, and respiratory diseases, and infection by these viruses may cause alterations in cellular homeostasis. The objective of the study was the proteomic analysis of A-549 cells infected with HAdV-40 using LC-MS. At 30 h of infection, the quantitative analysis revealed 336 differentially expressed proteins. From them, 206 were induced (up-regulated) and 130 were suppressed (down-regulated). The majority of up-regulated proteins were related to energy, cellular organization, stress response, and apoptosis pathways. It was observed alteration of cell metabolism with increase of the glycolytic pathway, ß-oxidation, and respiratory chain. Also, the results suggest cytoskeleton reorganization and apoptosis induction. The data can improve knowledge about the replication of HAdV-40 in cell culture considering the proteins related to distinct metabolic pathways induced by viral infection in A-549 cells.

Antiviral Electrospun Polyamide Three-Layered Mask Filter Containing Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Black Seed Oil.

Upon the tremendous spread of coronavirus, there is a need to develop biodegradable, multifunctional, antiviral masks that can be safely used without polluting the environment as conventional surgical masks do. In this study, a three-layered mask filter is designed and fabricated. The first two layers contain electrospun polyamide with dispersed nanoparticles (NPs) of TiO2 and ZnO prepared via breakdown anodization. The third layer is composed of Nigella sativa oil (black seed oil) electrospun with polyamide and blended with chitosan to form an effective antiviral three-layered mask filter. The morphological characterization revealed the nanoscale features of the fabricated nanofibers with the ZnO and TiO2 NPs being embedded in the polymeric matrix. The specimens showed good wettability, which is necessary for virus attachment and its subsequent decay. The assembled mask has shown very good mechanical properties. The cytotoxicity results revealed that the proposed mask filter has less cytotoxic effect on the A549 cell line than the commercial KN95 mask filter with maintaining a cell viability of 65.3%. The antiviral activity test showed a variable virucidal effect against human adenovirus on A549 cells. The proposed mask showed the highest effect on the virus followed by PA-ZnO and PA-TiO2 films, which supports the assumption that the used NPs may have broad and promising effects on viruses when combined with the electrospun films.