RESUMEN
The anti-diabetic effects of two variants of Artemisia princeps Pampanini, sajabalssuk (SB) and sajuarissuk (SS), were investigated in type 2 diabetic animal using their ethanol extracts. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice were divided into control, SB ethanol extract (SBE), SS ethanol extract (SSE), or rosiglitazone (RG) groups and their age-matched littermates (db/+) were used. Supplementation of the SBE (0.171 g/100g diet), SSE (0.154 g/100g diet), and RG (0.005 g/100g diet) improved glucose and insulin tolerance and significantly lowered blood glycosylated hemoglobin levels, as compared to the control group. Plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon levels in db/db mice were higher in the db/+ mice, however these values were significantly lowered by SBE, SSE or RG-supplement. Hepatic GK activity was significantly lower in the db/db mice than in the db/+ mice, while hepatic G6Pase activity was vice versa. Supplementation of SBE, SSE and RG reversed these hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities. In addition, SBE and SSE markedly increased the hepatic glycogen content and muscle ratio as compared to the control group, but they did not alter the food intake, body weight and plasma leptin level. The RG group, however, showed a significant increase in the food intake, body weight and plasma leptin. These results suggest that SBE and SSE exert an anti-diabetic effect in type 2 diabetic mice.
Asunto(s)
Artemisia/química , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Animales , Biomarcadores/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Etanol , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Insulina/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Glucógeno Hepático/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Rosiglitazona , Solventes , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Tiazolidinedionas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Three tocopherol analogues methoxytocopherol (1), α-tocopherol (2) and γ-tocopherol (3) were isolated from the peels of Citrus unshiu Marcovich. The protective effects of the isolated compounds against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced hepatotoxicity in human liver-derived HepG2 cells and glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22-immortalised hippocampal cells were evaluated. Compounds 1-3 were significantly protective in HepG2 cells with EC50 values of 21.22 ± 2.01, 25.21 ± 2.11 and 25.25 ± 1.21 µM, respectively, and in HT22 cells, compounds 1-3 had EC50 values of 20.62 ± 1.36, 6.44 ± 1.65 and 9.52 ± 1.54 µM, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Citrus/química , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Tocoferoles/química , Animales , Línea Celular , Frutas/química , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Ratones , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/química , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Tocoferoles/farmacología , terc-ButilhidroperóxidoRESUMEN
In the present study, the distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) isoforms in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil and its association with different sequelae of spontaneous seizure were investigated to identify the roles of balance of GAD isoforms in the epileptogenesis and the recovery mechanisms in these animals. The GAD67/GAD65 ratio in the hippocampus of pre-seizure seizure sensitive (SS) gerbil was approximately 3.5-fold higher as compared to seizure resistant (SR) gerbil. Following seizure, this ratio shifted to the level of SR gerbils up to 12 h postical. Therefore, the mismatched GAD67/GAD65 ratio (imbalance of GAD isoform expressions) in the hippocampus of SS gerbil implies that GABAergic neurons may be highly activated in order to regulate the increased neuronal excitability. In addition, the alteration in this ratio after seizure may be the compensatory response for reduction of epileptic activity in this animal.
Asunto(s)
Glutamato Descarboxilasa/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Convulsiones/metabolismo , Animales , Giro Dentado/metabolismo , Gerbillinae , Inmunohistoquímica , Terminaciones Nerviosas/efectos de los fármacos , Terminaciones Nerviosas/metabolismo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Glycosylation of 12beta-acetoxy-dammar-24-en-3beta,20(S)-diol (4), with hepta-O-acetyl-alpha-sophorosyl bromide (5) under catalysis by Ag2CO3 or Ag2O afforded a chromatographically unseparated mixture of the alpha- and beta-linked octaacetates 6 and 7 in an approximately 2.5:1 ratio. After deprotection and chromatographic purification, the free alpha- (8) and beta-glycosides (9) were obtained. Sophoroside 9 was identical in all respects with ginsenoside Rg3, the minor component of Ginseng Radix rubra. All compounds were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Asunto(s)
Ginsenósidos , Panax/química , Plantas Medicinales , Saponinas/síntesis química , Acetilación , Glicosilación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura Molecular , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Kuwanon G was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of Morus alba and its structure was elucidated by 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and FAB-MS. Antibacterial activity of kuwanon G was investigated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test and the viable cell count method. MIC of kuwanon G against Streptococcus mutans causing dental caries was determined to be 8.0 microg/ml. The bactericidal test showed that kuwanon G completely inactivated S. mutans at the concentration 20 microg/ml in 1 min. Kuwanon G also significantly inhibited the growth of other cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus sanguis, and Porpyromonas gingivalis causing periodontitis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of kuwanon G treated cells demonstrated remarkable morphological damage of the cell wall and condensation of the cytoplasm.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Flavonoides/farmacología , Morus/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/ultraestructura , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Microscopía Electrónica , Corteza de la Planta/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , SolventesRESUMEN
This study investigated the effect that some polyacetylenes and protopanaxatriol, which were isolated from heated ginseng (family Araliaceae), have on inhibiting Helicobacter pylori (HP) growth. Among the compounds tested, panaxytriol was quite effective in inhibiting HP growth with an MIC of 50 microg/ml. Ginsenoside Rh1 and protopanaxatriol weakly inhibited H+/K+-ATPase from a rat stomach.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Alcoholes Grasos/farmacología , Helicobacter pylori/efectos de los fármacos , Panax/química , Alquinos , Animales , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Enediinos , Alcoholes Grasos/aislamiento & purificación , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Hidrógeno-Potásio/metabolismo , Helicobacter pylori/enzimología , Helicobacter pylori/crecimiento & desarrollo , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estómago/efectos de los fármacos , Estómago/enzimología , Estómago/microbiología , Ureasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Five furanocoumarins including a new one were isolated from the root of Angelica dahurica by repeated silica gel column chromatography. Their chemical structures were determined to be isoimperatorin (1), oxypeucedanin hydrate-3"-butyl ether (2), imperatorin (3), knidilin (4), and oxypeucedanin hydrate (5). This represents the first study in which the compound 2 has been isolated and identified. The long-range coupling (5J) in the 1H-NMR spectrum observed in the linear furanocoumarin skeleton was also investigated in detail.
Asunto(s)
Cumarinas/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , ChinaRESUMEN
A very high content (at least 0.23%) of ergosterol peroxide was isolated fromNaematoloma fasciculare Karst. Not only ergosterol peroxide but also ergosterol showed very strong anticomplementary activity on the classical pathway, the IC(50) values being 5.0 muM and 1.0 muM, respectively. The(1)H and(13)C NMR data of ergosterol peroxide were revised and completely assigned by DEPT,(1)H-(1)H COSY, HMQC and HMBC correlations.
RESUMEN
A genuine dammarane-glycoside, named as ginsenoside Rs(3), was isolated from the MeOH extracts of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) through repeated silica gel column chromatographies and its chemical structure was determined as (20S)-protopanaxadiol 3-O-[6''-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of several spectral and physical evidences including HMBC and FAB-MS.
RESUMEN
In our search for the anticonvulsant constituent of Gastrodia elata repeated column chromatographies guided by activity assay led to isolation of an active compound, which was identified as gastrodin on the basis of spectral data. Brain succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) was inactivated by preincubation with gastrodin in a time-dependent manner and the reaction was monitored by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. The inactivation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with the second-rate order constant of 1.2 x 10(3) M-1min-1. The time course of the reaction was significantly affected by the coenzyme NAD+, which affected complete protection against the loss of the catalytic activity, whereas substrate succinic semialdehyde failed to prevent the inactivation of the enzyme. It is postulated that the gastrodin is able to elevate the neurotransmitter GABA levels in central nervous system by inhibitory action on one of the GABA degradative enzymes, SSADH.
Asunto(s)
Aldehído Oxidorreductasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Anticonvulsivantes/aislamiento & purificación , Alcoholes Bencílicos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales/química , Animales , Bovinos , Succionato-Semialdehído Deshidrogenasa , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/metabolismoRESUMEN
80% Aqueous MeOH extracts from the wood of Caesalpinia sappan, which showed remarkable anticonvulsant activity, were fractionated using EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H2O. Among them, the EtOAc fraction significantly inhibited the activities of two GABA degradative enzymes, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) and succinic semialdehyde reductase (SSAR). Repeated column chromatographies for the fraction guided by activity test led to the isolation of the two active principal components. Their chemical structures were determined to be sappanchalcone and brazilin based on spectral data. The pure compounds, sappanchalcone (1) and brazilin (2), inactivated the SSAR activities in a dose dependent manner, whereas SSADH was inhibited partially by sappanchalcone and not by brazilin.
Asunto(s)
Anticonvulsivantes/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales/química , Aldehído Oxidorreductasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Bovinos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Hidroxibutirato Deshidrogenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Succionato-Semialdehído Deshidrogenasa , MaderaRESUMEN
Three new butanolides, 2-(1-methoxy-11-dodecenyl)-penta-2,4-dien-4-olide (1), (2Z,3S,4S)-2-(11-dodecenylidene)-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutano lide (2) and (2E,3R,4R)-2-(11-dodecenylidene)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4-methylbu tanolide (3), were isolated from the stems of Lindera obtusiloba BLUME. Their chemical structures were assigned by spectroscopic evidence. They exhibited cytotoxicity against cultured human tumor cell lines with their ED50 values ranging from 3.19 to 14.63 microg/ml.
Asunto(s)
4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , 4-Butirolactona/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , 4-Butirolactona/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Hexagalloylglucose (3-O-digalloyl-1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-beta-D- glucose), which was isolated from the methanol extract of the galls of Quercus infectoria, significantly inhibited alpha-glycosidases such as sucrase, maltase and isomaltase. Its inhibitory activity was comparable to acarbose being used as a hypoglycemic agent, while the inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase was approximately 10 times lower than that of acarbose. The results indicate that, when compared to acarbose, hexagalloylglucose might reduce the side effects by reducing inhibition of alpha-amylase.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Ácido Gálico/análogos & derivados , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glicósido Hidrolasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Ácido Gálico/química , Ácido Gálico/farmacología , Glucósidos/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
Four new resin-glycosides, named mammosides A (10), B (11), H1 (12), and H2 (13), were isolated from the tuber of Merremia mammosa (Convolvulaceae), a Jamu raw material. Their chemical structures have been elucidated on the bases of chemical and physicochemical evidence, including synthesis of a glycosidic acid designated as mammoside I.
Asunto(s)
Glicósidos/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Fenómenos Químicos , Química Física , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Glicósidos/farmacología , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Indonesia , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Datos de Secuencia MolecularRESUMEN
Four new resin-glycosides named merremosides f (6), g (7), h1 (8), and h2 (9) were isolated from the tuber of Merremia mammosa (Lour.) Hallier f. (Convolvulaceae), an Indonesian medicinal plant. Their chemical structures have been elucidated on the bases of their chemical and physicochemical properties.
Asunto(s)
Glicósidos/química , Oligosacáridos/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Glicósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Oligosacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Resinas de Plantas/químicaRESUMEN
There is a definite relationship between the dietary consumption of sucrose and the incidence of dental caries. Noncaloric sucrose substitutes for use in the sweetening of foods, beverages, and medicines may be either synthetic compounds or natural products. In the United States, four potently sweet artificial sweeteners are approved, namely, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose. Highly sweet plant constituents are used in Japan and some other countries, including the diterpene glycoside stevioside and the protein thaumatin. Recent progress in a research project oriented towards the discovery and evaluation of novel potentially noncariogenic sweeteners from plants has focused on substances in the sesquiterpenoid, diterpenoid, triterpenoid, steroidal saponin, and proanthocyanidin structural classes. The feasibility of using Mongolian gerbil electrophysiological and behavioral assays to monitor the sweetness of plant extracts, chromatographic fractions, and pure isolates has been investigated. An in vivo cariogenicity study on the commercially available natural sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A has been carried out.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental , Edulcorantes , Animales , Conformación de Carbohidratos , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Plantas/química , Edulcorantes/química , Edulcorantes/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Two phenanthrenes were isolated from the aerial part of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. and their structures were identified to be 4,7-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (1) and denbinobin (2), among which the former has been first isolated from this plant. These two compounds were found to be cytotoxic against A549 (human lung carcinoma), SK-OV-3 (human ovary adenocarcinoma), and HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) cell lines. Compound 1 also showed antitumor activity on the life span of ICR mice intraperitoneally implanted with 1 x 10(6) cells of sarcoma 180.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Fenantrenos/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Fenantrenos/química , Análisis Espectral , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
A new cytotoxic cardenolide glycoside, euonymoside A (1), was isolated from the bark of Euonymus sieboldianus. The structure of 1 was elucidated as acovenosigenin A-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside. The IC50 values of 1 against A549 (human lung carcinoma) and SK-OV-3 (human ovary adenocarcinoma) were 0.06 and 0.4 micrograms/ml, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Digitoxigenina/análogos & derivados , Plantas Medicinales/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Digitoxigenina/química , Digitoxigenina/aislamiento & purificación , Digitoxigenina/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico) , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura Molecular , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Two new oxypregnane-oligoglycosides named calotroposides A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from the root of Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae), an Indonesian medicinal plant, and their chemical structures have been elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods as 12-O-benzoyllineolon 3-O-beta-D-cymaropyranosyl(1----4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl( 1----4)- beta-D-oleandropyranosyl(1----4)-beta-D-cymaropyranosyl(1--- -4)-beta-D- cymaropyranoside and 12-O-benzoyldeacetylmetaplexigenin 3-O-beta-D-cymaropyranosyl(1---4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl(- ---4)- beta-D-oleandropyranosyl(1----4)-beta-D-cymaropyranosyl(1--- -4)- beta-D-cymaropyranoside, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Parasimpaticomiméticos/síntesis química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Pregnanos , Saponinas/síntesis química , Parasimpaticomiméticos/farmacología , Saponinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
In a bioassay-guided search for cytotoxic compounds from higher plants of South Korea, four new sesquiterpenes of the germacranolide type, named cardivins A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), have been isolated from the aerial parts of Carpesium divaricatum. Structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 showed cytotoxicity to the human tumor cells, A-549 (nonsmall cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (skin), XF-498 (central nervous system), and HCT-15 (colon).