A test of basic psychological needs theory in young soccer players: time-lagged design at the individual and team levels.

Within the framework of basic psychological needs theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000), multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) with a time-lagged design was used to test a mediation model examining the relationship between perceptions of coaches' interpersonal styles (autonomy supportive and controlling), athletes' basic psychological needs (satisfaction and thwarting), and indicators of well-being (subjective vitality) and ill-being (burnout), estimating separately between and within effects. The participants were 597 Spanish male soccer players aged between 11 and 14 years (M = 12.57, SD = 0.54) from 40 teams who completed a questionnaire package at two time points in a competitive season. Results revealed that at the individual level, athletes' perceptions of autonomy support positively predicted athletes' need satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), whereas athletes' perceptions of controlling style positively predicted athletes' need thwarting (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). In turn, all three athletes' need satisfaction dimensions predicted athletes' subjective vitality and burnout (positively and negatively, respectively), whereas competence thwarting negatively predicted subjective vitality and competence and relatedness positively predicted burnout. At the team level, team perceptions of autonomy supportive style positively predicted team autonomy and relatedness satisfaction. Mediation effects only appeared at the individual level.

Factor analysis and reliability of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire.

The purpose of this work was to analyze the factor structure, estimate reliability of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire of Hall and Pongrac, and examine differences between men and women on factor scores. The results for 63 men and 47 women supported the bifactorial structure and reliability of this self-report and its adequacy in comparisons of visual and kinesthetic imagery scores.

Video modeling and imaging training on performance of tennis service of 9- to 12-year-old children.

The purpose of this work is to analyze, in a pilot study, the effects of video modeling and imagery training over 24 weeks on tennis service performance. Three groups of 9- to 12-yr.-old tennis players participated: (a) a physical practice group, who received physical training, (b) a physical practice + video group who received physical training plus watched a video modeling mental training, and (c) a physical practice + video + imagery group who received physical training plus video modeling and imagery mental training. The results for the intragroup pre-post-test comparisons showed that tennis performance did not significantly improve for the physical training group. The groups given mental training showed improvement from pre- to postintervention. Finally, the posttest comparison between groups indicated that there were significant differences between the group given physical training only compared to the groups given mental training but that the latter two did not differ significantly from each other.

Satisfaction with life scale: analysis of factorial invariance for adolescents and elderly persons.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the factorial invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale across samples of adolescents and elderly persons. Data from 266 subjects were analyzed. Half were Spanish junior high-school students (65 girls and 68 boys) and the other half were Spanish elderly people (68 women and 65 men). Single-group analyses showed an acceptable one-factor model for both adolescent and elderly groups. Sequential multigroup analyses to test the equivalence of factor structures for adolescent and elderly groups showed that factor loadings and variances are not invariant. The scale is sensitive to age in these groups.

Is the breadth of individualized ranges of optimal anxiety (IZOF) equal for all athletes? A graphical method for establishing IZOF.

Recall and direct methods to determine the individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF) cannot account for potential individual differences in the span of optimal anxiety. Accordingly, an attempt was made to test a graphical technique that could establish the span of optimal anxiety ranges for individuals. State anxiety (STAI; Spielberger, Gorusch, & Lushene, 1970; and CSAI-2; Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) was assessed before competitions (10 to 20) in six Spanish golfers during a season. Performance in each match was determined using golf scores and self-ratings. Optimal anxiety ranges were established graphically by plotting individual scores of precompetition anxiety against individual performance values. Optimal ranges were also determined using Hanin's (1986, 1989) direct and recall methods. The efficacy of each method was contrasted by comparing performance between cases in which the golfers possessed optimal or non-optimal anxiety according to each method. More of the golfers performed better when competing within an IZOF established with the graphic procedures than with the other methods.

Motivational climate and goal orientations as predictors of perceptions of improvement, satisfaction and coach ratings among tennis players.

One purpose of this work was to study the relationship of goal orientations and the perceived motivational climate created by the coach in relation to 219 competitive Spanish tennis players': a) perceived improvement in different facets of the game, b) satisfaction with their competitive results, overall level of play, and coach, and c) ratings of their coach. The second purpose was to examine whether the dependent variables were best predicted by the perceived situationally emphasized goal structure created by the coach and/or the athletes' dispositional goal perspective. Intermediate (N=70), advanced (N=124), and professional (N=25) level players completed Spanish versions of the TEOSQ and the PMCSQ-2 and items assessing perceived improvement specific to tennis, satisfaction and coach ratings. The results were consistent with the tenets of goal perspective theory and provide further support for the promotion of a task involving atmosphere in sport.

El perfil de autopercepciones para niños: análisis de la validez factorial y la fiabilidad en la versión castellana / Self-perception profile for children: factorial validity and reliability in the Spanish version

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en estudiar la validez factorial y fiabilidad del PErfil de Autopercepciones para Niños -SPPC- (Harter, 1985). Se administró una traducción del mismo a una muestra representativa de estudiantes de la Comunidad Valenciana (N= 785) de 6º de E.G.B., 8º de E.G.B. y 2º B.U.P./4º E.S.O. Se analizó la validez factorial de las subescalas de autopercepciones específicas y la subescala de autovalía global, las correlaciones entre las subescalas específicas y la fiabilidad de sus ítems y subescalas. Los principales resultados van en la línea de los obtenidos por trabajos previos, mostrando que la versión en castellano de este instrumento presenta propiedades psicométricas aceptables, si bien se señala la necesidad de tener en cuenta algunas consideraciones en relación a la mejora de su fiabilidad y rango de edad de aplicación (AU)

In this work, we study the factorial validity and reliability of Self-Perceptions Profile for Children -SPPC- (Harter, 1985). A Spanish version of SPPC was administered to a representative sample of students from the Valencian Community (N= 785) in 6th (6º de E.G.B), 8th ( 8º de E.G.B.) and 10th (2º B.U.P./4º E.S.O) grade. The factorial validity of the specific self-perceptions subscales, the self-worth subscale, the correlations among specific subscales and the reliability of their items and their subscales were analyzed. Our principal results are in accordance with previous works. The Spanish version of SPPC presents acceptable psychometric properties. We also point out the convenience of some considerations with regard to the improvement of its reliability and the ages to which this questionnaire should be administered (AU)

Estudio sobre el abordaje de la incontinencia urinaria en atención primaria e instituciones cerradas en Almería, desde el punto de vista de los profesionales sanitarios / Study on the approach to urinary incontínence in primary health care and closed institutions in Almeria from the health care clinician's point of víew

Con este trabajo hacemos un estudio sobre el abordaje de la incontinencia urinaria pretendiendo: 1) Evaluar la actuación del profesional sanitario ante la Incontinencia Urinaria (IU) en el mayor. 2) Recoger como enfoca y vive, el paciente y familia la IU. 3) Comparar la actuación de los profesionales sanitarios en Instituciones cerradas (IC) y Atención Primaria (AP). Estudio Descriptivo, se realizaron dos encuestas dirigidas a profesionales sanitarios de I.C. (Médicos, DUE, Aux. de Enf.), y Atención Primaria (Médicos, DUE), constando de 13 y 11 preguntas con respuesta múltiple respectivamente. Muestra Total: 107 encuestados en AP y 113 en IC. Se han analizado las siguientes cuestiones. ¿Quién detecta la IU?, ¿Qué terapéutica usarías?, ¿Comunica el Paciente o familiar la Incontinencia?, ¿Qué solución demanda el paciente/familiar?, ¿Cuál es la dificultad más frecuente para establecer una pauta de actuación?, ¿Existen protocolos de actuación?, ¿Existe un seguimiento al alta hospitalaria (médica y de enfermería)?, ¿Cuál es la repercusión más frecuente de la IU en el paciente?, ¿Cómo vive el paciente/familiar la IU? Conclusiones: 1) La IU es un problema oculto en un 84 por ciento de los casos en Instituciones Cerradas, existiendo rechazo y dificultad de abordaje terapéutico. Sin embargo en AP se solicita tratamiento en un 64 por ciento. 2) Es necesario fomentar la formación continuada, haciendo partícipe a todos los miembros del equipo sanitario, para actualizar los conocimientos y motivar al personal para que se implique de una forma más activa en la terapia de la IU. 3) Es imprescindible la elaboración y puesta en funcionamiento de protocolos sobre IU que contemplen la valoración inicial al ingreso y seguimiento de la misma. 4) No se suele reflejar el Diagnóstico de IU en el alta hospitalaria de enfermería, interrumpiéndose el seguimiento del paciente, que vuelve a su domicilio. 5) El tratamiento terapéutico más demandado por los pacientes como por sus familiares sigue siendo el absorbente, utilizándose a pesar de no ser la mejor alternativa. 6) Dependiendo el entorno, donde se encuentre el anciano, nos hará establecer una pauta de actuación diferente, según los casos (AU)