Myocardial performance index in term appropriate and small for gestational age neonates - a cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: It is known that small for gestational age (SGA) babies may be at an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases during adulthood. There is paucity of literature regarding comparative cardiac functions of SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies in neonatal period. The present study was conceived to compare the cardiac function of term small and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies through a relatively novel echocardiographic index in early neonatal period. OBJECTIVES: To compare values of myocardial performance index (MPI) index (MPI = IVCT + IVRT/ET) at 48-72 hours of age among AGA and SGA babies. METHODS: Morphological and anthropometric assessment of serially born term babies was done at time of birth to recruit hundred each of AGA and SGA babies. Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) was done between 48-72 hours for each enrolled baby to assess both right and left ventricle MPI in each group. RESULTS: Mean±SD values for right ventricular MPI in AGA and SGA groups were 0.268 + 0.007 and 0.30 + 0.026 respectively (p < 0.001). Mean±SD values for left ventricular MPI in AGA and SGA groups were 0.25 + 0.012 and 0.30 + 0.017 respectively (p < 0.001). There was significant negative correlation between MPI values for either ventricles and the birth weight (spearmen's rho of -0.66) (p < 0.001). Mean±SD values for LVET in AGA and SGA group were 0.304 + 0.026 and 0.266 + 0.032 respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: MPI had a higher absolute value in the SGA babies as compared to AGA babies. These observations point towards suboptimal cardiac performance among SGA babies as compared to AGA babies on the basis of myocardial performance index.

Adsorption of nickel on husk of Lathyrus sativus: behavior and binding mechanism.

Husk of Lathyrus sativus (HLS) has been found to be a good sorbent for the removal of nickel(II) from its aqueous solution. The adsorption process depends on pH of the solution with an optimum at 5.0, and follows Langmuir isotherm model (correlation coefficient 0.998). Initial adsorption rate is very fast and reaches equilibrium following pseudo-second order kinetics within 60 min. Amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl and phosphate groups of the biomass are involved in chemical interaction with nickel ions as revealed from SEM-EDX and FTIR studies. Chemical modifications of the functional groups of the biosorbent show that amino groups contribute largely (approximately 57%) for the binding of nickel ions and probably undergo chelation through dative bond formation. HLS biomass has been found to adsorb both nickel and cadmium equally from their mixed solution to the extent of approximately 70% indicating the importance of this sorbent in industrial effluent treatment.

Adsorption of cadmium on husk of Lathyrus sativus: physico-chemical study.

Adsorption of cadmium (II) from aqueous solution by low-cost biosorbents was investigated. Husk of Lathyrus sativus (HLS) was found to be the most efficient in this respect and removed approximately 95% of the metal. The influence of pH, temperature, contact time and metal ion concentration on the adsorption process by HLS was studied. Hydrogen ion concentration of the solution greatly influenced the process with an optimum at pH 5.0-6.0, whereas temperature had no significant effect. The process was very fast and more than 90% of the total adsorption took place within the first 5 min and was found to follow pseudo-second order rate kinetics. The adsorption data can better be explained by Langmuir isotherm model and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 35 mg/g of HLS at pH 5.0 and 30 degrees C. Scanning electron micrographs showed that cadmium was present as micro precipitate on the surface of the adsorbent. Cadmium replaced calcium of the biomass as revealed from the EDX analysis indicating that the adsorption proceeds through ion exchange mechanism. Cadmium could be desorbed from the loaded biomass by lowering pH approximately 1.0 with mineral acid.

Comparison of pulmonary function test abnormalities between stone crushing dust exposed and nonexposed agricultural workers.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of stone crushing in West Bengal, India, by comparing pulmonary functions of stone crushing workers with those of nonexposed agricultural workers. METHODS: Two hundred seventy two stone crushing workers and 123 nonexposed workers were analyzed in terms of occupational and personal histories, radiological findings, and pulmonary function test (PFT) results including slow vital capacity (FVC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Different lung volumes i.e. FEV(1), FEV(1%), and flow rates i.e. FEF(200-1200ml), FEF(25-75%) and FEF(75-85%), were analyzed with regard to sex, smoking habit, work status, age and work duration. RESULTS: Contrary to our expectations, the incidences of suspected (2.94%) and definite (1.84%) pneumoconioses were very low and the results of some PFT such as those for FVC and FEV(1%), in the exposed group were better than those in the nonexposed group, although a gradual decline the performance in PFT was observed with age and work duration. There was a higher prevalence of restrictive impairment among the exposed group and a higher prevalence of obstructive impairment in the nonexposed group. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the results were unexpected. Possible reasons for these include (i) undetectable concentrations of free silica in the stone dust in the work environment of the exposed workers and (ii) factors, such as climate, in the work environment of the nonexposed agricultural workers that could cause pulmonary impairment. Further protective measures should be undertaken to prevent pulmonary impairment in both groups of workers.