RESUMEN
The molecular mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain elusive, which limits the management options available in the clinic. Accumulating evidence indicates that the pineal gland/melatonin system is associated with the progression of ASD. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of various mechanisms involving pathological process of ASD, including the abnormal breakdown of melatonin synthesis, the disturbance of intracellular MTNR1A signaling, the effects exerted by melatonin on hippocampal protein serine/threonine kinases, and immune dysregulation/inflammation during ASD. We believe that an in-depth understanding of the interplay between the action of the melatonin system and the onset of autism could promote the development of novel therapeutic strategies against ASD. We anticipate that targeting the neurotransmitters upstream pathway and downstream of melatonin in brain will lead to potential therapeutic treatment for ASD.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno del Espectro Autista/metabolismo , Melatonina/metabolismo , Glándula Pineal/metabolismo , Animales , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/tratamiento farmacológico , Ritmo Circadiano , Humanos , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
A new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, ochroborbone (1), along with five known alkaloids (2-6), were isolated from the stems and leaves of Ochrosia borbonica. Among them, ochroborbone (1) is a rare C17-nor monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, and the known compounds (2-6) were isolated from Ochrosia for the first time-These structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines: HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480 in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory effects with IC50 values comparable with those of cisplatin.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Alcaloides Indólicos/química , Ochrosia/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Alcaloides Indólicos/aislamiento & purificación , Alcaloides Indólicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
A new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, ochroborbone (1), along with five known alkaloids (2-6), were isolated from the stems and leaves of Ochrosia borbonica. Among them, ochroborbone (1) is a rare C17-nor monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, and the known compounds (2-6) were isolated from Ochrosia for the first time. These structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines: HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480 in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory effects with IC50 values comparable with those of cisplatin.