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Based on the correlation between Qi and blood in traditional Chinese medicine， the collateral disease theory puts forward that the Qi-collateral go hand in hand with the vessel-collateral of the brain， and to be as close as lips to teeth in structure and function， which is an important basis for the function of brain governing mind. And this theory proposes that deficiency/stagnancy of collateral-Qi， stagnation of collaterals and loss of consciousness are the main pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease（AD）， which is different from the research strategy of modern medicine focusing on neurons. It is suggested that it is necessary to treat AD from two aspects， including neuronal protection（elimination of pathological products such as β-amyloid and phosphorylated tau protein） and cerebral microvascular protection（protection of cerebral microvascular structure and function， promotion of therapeutic angiogenesis and increase of cerebral blood flow. Tongxinluo capsules is a representative drug for dredging collaterals developed under the guidance of the therapeutic principle of collaterals need circulation， it can protect microvessels and play a neuroprotective role mediated by vascular protection. Clinical studies have confirmed that Tongxinluo capsules can effectively treat AD， vascular dementia and cognitive impairment related diseases， which can provide new ideas and effective treatment ways to prevent and treat AD from neurovascular protection in a comprehensive manner.
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Objective:To evaluate the application of a medical image software (RadiAnt) in anatomical measurements and precision craniotomy via suboccipital retrosigmoid sinus approach.Methods:A total of 43 inpatients who underwent craniocerebral CT venography (CTV) in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected for the study; the CTV data of 35 patients was used to measure the spatial relations between transverse sigmoid sinus junction (TSSJ) and asterion; the preoperative planning in suboccipital retrosigmoid sinus craniotomy with the software was performed in the left 8 patients. Craniotomy time (subjected to exposure of venous sinus margin), venous sinus injury and incidence of complications within 2 weeks of craniotomy in these 8 patients were recorded.Results:(1) Anatomic measurement: for the left side, TSSJ was located at (0.89±0.33) cm lateral and (0.63±0.46) cm inferior to the asterion, and their direct distance was (1.15±0.42) cm; TSSJ was located at (0.76±0.49) cm interior and (1.97±0.52) cm superior to the starting point of the mastoid notch, and their direct distance was (2.18±0.49) cm; about 29% asterion were located superior to the transverse sinus, 37% were located on the surface of the transverse sinus, and 34% were located inferior to the transverse sinus. For the right side, TSSJ was located at (0.88±0.39) cm lateral and (0.64±0.43) cm inferior to the asterion, and their direct distance was (1.12±0.54) cm; TSSJ was located at (0.74±0.40) cm interior and (1.93±0.45) cm superior to the starting point of the mastoid notch, and their direct distance was (2.16±0.43) cm; about 26% asterion were located superior to the transverse sinus, 40% were located on the surface of the transverse sinus, and 34% were located inferior to the transverse sinus. (2) Preoperative planning and surgeries: in these 8 patients, the key-hole was located at (0.96±0.49) cm lateral and (0.53±0.18) cm inferior to the asterion, and (0.46±0.35) cm interior and (1.76±0.47) superior to the starting point of mastoid notch. The interior of sigmoid sinus was located (0.13±0.51) cm interior and (0.21±0.46) cm superior to the starting point of mastoid notch. The inferior of the transverse sinus was located (2.17±0.45) cm interior and (0.53±0.35) cm inferior to the asterion. An accurate localization of the real position of TSSJ, inferior of transverse sinus and interior of sigmoid sinus was performed in all 8 surgical patients. The distance between the margin of the bone window and the interior of sigmoid sinus was (3.5±1.0) mm, and the craniotomy time was (25.7±4.1) min; no sinus injury was noted. Post-operative CT showed good reposition of the bone flaps and less bone defect. There was no cerebrospinal fluid leakage or subcutaneous effusion during the 2 weeks of follow-up.Conclusion:Anatomical measurements and preoperative planning can be quickly finished with low cost with Radiant ?, which provides an efficient and safe method for accurate craniotomy via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach.
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Objective To investigate the effect of PM2. 5 exposure on the thyroid function in male SD rats. Methods Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into " filtered air" ( FA) and " PM2.5" groups. These rats exposed to the 2 kinds of air for 12 weeks were killed and their plasma and thyroid tissues were taken for investigation. The morphological status and pathological changes of thyroid tissue were observed after H&E staining. The levels of triiodothyronine ( T3 ) , free triiodothyronine ( FT3 ) , thyroxine( T4 ) , free thyroxine ( FT4 ) , anti-thyroglobulin antibody ( TGAb ) , anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody ( TPOAb ) , thyrotropin ( TSH ) , tumor necrosis factor α ( TNF-α), and interleukin-6 ( IL-6) in rats were measured by ELISA. Results The results showed that there was no significant difference in body weight between two groups after 12 weeks of exposure to either filtered air or PM2.5. No pathological changes and significant differences were observed in the thyroid tissues of two groups after HE staining. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of T4 , T3 , FT3 , TNF-α, and IL-6 between two groups. However, compared with rats exposed to filtered air, rats exposed to PM2.5 had significantly lower plasma FT4[ (3.81 ± 1.23) vs (6.02 ± 2.40) pmol/L, P＜0.01] and higher TSH [ (5.63 ± 1.74) vs (4.29 ± 1.37) mU/L, P＜0. 05 ] levels. Conclusion The exposure to PM2. 5 for a period of 12 weeks may lead to hypothyroidism in rats.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of PM2.5 exposure on the thyroid function in male SD rats.@*Methods@#Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into " filtered air" (FA) and " PM2.5" groups. These rats exposed to the 2 kinds of air for 12 weeks were killed and their plasma and thyroid tissues were taken for investigation. The morphological status and pathological changes of thyroid tissue were observed after H&E staining. The levels of triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine(T4), free thyroxine (FT4), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyrotropin (TSH), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats were measured by ELISA.@*Results@#The results showed that there was no significant difference in body weight between two groups after 12 weeks of exposure to either filtered air or PM2.5. No pathological changes and significant differences were observed in the thyroid tissues of two groups after HE staining. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of T4, T3, FT3, TNF-α, and IL-6 between two groups. However, compared with rats exposed to filtered air, rats exposed to PM2.5 had significantly lower plasma FT4[(3.81±1.23) vs (6.02±2.40)pmol/L, P<0.01] and higher TSH [(5.63±1.74) vs (4.29±1.37) mU/L, P<0.05] levels.@*Conclusion@#The exposure to PM2.5 for a period of 12 weeks may lead to the decrease of FT4 and increase of TSH in rats.
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Brachythrapy is a technique to implant radioactive isotype into or near tumors.The obvious properties of brachytherapy are a very high dose distribution of center,and rapid dose attenuation with the increasing of distance.Brachytherapy generally includes three major categories:low dose rate,high dose rate and pulse dose rate.The most significant clinical value of brachytherapy is that it could create dose distribution to tumor tissues,but decreased radiation injury of normal tissues close to tumor.The development of the clinical brachytherapy technique is always involved in the radiobiological characteristics.The basic concepts involving clinical brachytherapy radiobiology mainly includes:dose-rate effect,repair of radiation injury,re-oxygenation,cell cycle redistribution and repopulation.An amount of translational medical approach is needed to guide the application of clinical brachytherapy by exploring the interaction between brachytherapy radiobiology and clinical brachytherapy effect,as well as taking advantage of brachytherapy radiobiological characteristics.The ultimate goal is to improve tumor local control rate,reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions,and improve patients' overall survival.
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Objective To investigate and evaluate the clinical value of full endoscopic transnasal transphenoidal approach for the surgery of pituitary adenomas.Methods Seventy-two patients,who underwent full endoscopic transnasal transphenoidal approach for the surgery of pituitary adenomas,were selected from the Medical Center of Pituitary Adenomas of our hospital from January 2009 to March 2012.To retrospectively investigate pre- and post-operation symptoms,hormone levels,images information,operation information,complications,following-up information and so on.Results Among the 72 consecutive patients,there were 22 nonfunctioning adenomas,twenty-four prolactin secreting adenomas,seven somatotropin secreting adenomas,five adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting adenomas,one thyrotropin secreting adenomas,and 13 multi-secreting adenomas.The tumor removal was total in 56(77.8％),subtotal 13(18.0％),and partial 3(4.2％).Five cases had CSF leaks,and 6 diabetes insipidus.After 3-24 months of follow-up,the levels of increasing-hormone declined to normal levels in most patients.Conclusion Full endoscopic transnasal transphenoidal approach for the surgery of pituitary adenomas is a kind of technique which is safe,minimally invasive,having less complications and fast recovery.However,it is necessary for surgeons to accept systematic and specialized training,and own advanced equipments.
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Objective To study the opportunity and the clinical features of systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) in children diseases.Methods A retrospective analysis was made for the clinical data of 1857 cases who was hospitalized in pediateics from January 2005 to December 2006 in this hospital.Results 169 cases (9.10%) was diagnosed as SIRS and 26 cases(15.38%) died of SIRS.There were 91 cases(53.85%) out of which died 7 cases(7.69%) of infectious disease and 78 cases(46.15%) out of which died 19 cases(24.36%) of non-in- fectious disease in 169 cases with SIRS.The mortality rate was higher in non-infectious disease than that of infec- tious disease.There was highly significant statistical difference( P
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To investigate the effects of brachial plexus block(BPB) and satellite ganglion block(SGB) on the blood flow of upper limb, 22 patients were randomly divided into two groups,and given BPB(group A,n=11) or SGB(group B,n=11) with 1% lidocaine 10 ml every other day for 5 times. Ulnar-radial artery blood flow was measured by using a TCD 30 minutes before and after the block. Finger pulse amplitude was measured by pulse oximeter 5,10,15,20,30 minutes after the block.The average increase in ulnar-radial artery blood flow was 13 cm/s in group A and 5 cm/s in group B. Finger pulse amplitude increased by (904?212)mm in group A and(354?142)mm in group B.A significant difference was observed between the two groups (P
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To investigate the effects of brachial plexus block(BPB) and satellite ganglion block(SGB) on the blood flow of upper limb, 22 patients were randomly divided into two groups,and given BPB(group A,n=11) or SGB(group B,n=11) with 1% lidocaine 10 ml every other day for 5 times. Ulnar-radial artery blood flow was measured by using a TCD 30 minutes before and after the block. Finger pulse amplitude was measured by pulse oximeter 5,10,15,20,30 minutes after the block.The average increase in ulnar-radial artery blood flow was 13 cm/s in group A and 5 cm/s in group B. Finger pulse amplitude increased by (9.04±2.12)mm in group A and(3.54±1.42)mm in group B.A significant difference was observed between the two groups (P＜0.01).It suggested that BPB could induce more increase in blood flow of the upper limb than SGB.