Predictors for weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: the trend and associated factors for weight loss.

BACKGROUND: Historically, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been considered the gold standard of bariatric surgery (BS). This procedure acts as a mixed restrictive and malabsorptive operation. METHODS:  This retrospective cohort study included 410 morbidly obese patients (BMI > 40 kg/m2 or BMI > 35 kg/m2 along with at least one major comorbidity) who underwent primary laparoscopic RYGB surgery from 2009 to 2015 by a single surgery team. The patients were 18 years and older with at least 12 months of follow-up. Total weight loss (%TWL) and comorbidity resolution were compared in short-term (12 months) and mid-term (12-60 months) follow-ups. The primary and secondary outcomes were evaluating the effect of Roux-en-Y on weight loss and control of comorbidities, respectively. RESULTS:  The mean ± SD age, weight, and BMI at surgery were 40.1 ± 10.58 years, 123.32 ± 19.88 kg, and 45.78 ± 5.54 kg/m2, respectively, and 329 (80%) were female, and 62 (15%) had T2DM. %TWL was significantly higher in T2DM patients 9 months postoperatively and after that. Patients with lower BMI (< 50 kg/m2) at surgery and non-diabetic patients had a significantly lower %TWL over a short- and long-term follow-up (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: BS remains the most efficacious and durable weight loss treatment. However, a proportion of patients will experience insufficient weight loss following BS.

White matter correlates of cognition: A diffusion magnetic resonance imaging study.

BACKGROUND: Our comprehension of the interplay of cognition and the brain remains constrained. While functional imaging studies have identified cognitive brain regions, structural correlates of cognitive functions remain underexplored. Advanced methods like Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DMRI) facilitate the exploration of brain connectivity and White Matter (WM) tract microstructure. Therefore, we conducted connectometry method on DMRI data, to reveal WM tracts associated with cognition. METHODS: 125 healthy participants from the National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Healthy Volunteer Dataset were recruited. Multiple regression analyses were conducted between DMRI-derived Quantitative Anisotropy (QA) values within WM tracts and scores of participants in Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (attention), Dimensional Change Card Sort (executive function), Picture Sequence Memory Test (episodic memory), and List Sorting Working Memory Test (working memory) tasks from National Institute of Health toolbox. The significance level was set at False Discovery Rate (FDR)<0.05. RESULTS: We identified significant positive correlations between the QA of WM tracts within the left cerebellum and bilateral fornix with attention, executive functioning, and episodic memory (FDR=0.018, 0.0002, and 0.0002, respectively), and a negative correlation between QA of WM tracts within bilateral cerebellum with attention (FDR=0.028). Working memory demonstrated positive correlations with QA of left inferior longitudinal and left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi (FDR=0.0009), while it showed a negative correlation with QA of right cerebellar tracts (FDR=0.0005). CONCLUSION: Our results underscore the intricate link between cognitive performance and WM integrity in frontal, temporal, and cerebellar regions, offering insights into early detection and targeted interventions for cognitive disorders.

The Association between ABO Blood Group and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, studies have investigated the relationship between blood types and cancers. Contradictory results regarding the relationship between blood group type and colorectal cancer(CC) have been reported. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the distribution of ABO blood group frequency and evaluate its relationship with CC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To conduct this systematic meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases using appropriate MESH terms until July 2022. All observational studies which assessed the ABO blood group frequency distribution and the association between ABO and CC were included. The Risk of Bias Assessment tool was used to assess the quality of studies. A random model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR). The Egger test was used to assess the publication bias. RESULTS: Overall,14 studies (413,132 patients) were included. According to the pooled estimation, blood groups A, B, AB, and O frequency in patients with CC were 37%,18%,9%, and 31%, respectively. The OR of CC in people with the A blood group was higher than in the other groups (OR: 1.11, 95% CI:1.03,1.19, P:0.001). In contrast, the OR of CC in people with the O blood group was significantly lower than in other blood groups (OR: 0.93, 95% CI:0.83,0.97, P:0.001). No significant relationship was observed for B and AB blood groups with CC. CONCLUSIONS: This Meta-analysis showed that blood group type A has a greater risk of developing CC, while blood group type O was associated with lower chances of CC.