Systematic surveillance tools to reduce rodent pests in disadvantaged urban areas can empower communities and improve public health.

Rodents are notorious pests, known for transmitting major public health diseases and causing agricultural and economic losses. The lack of site-specific and national standardised rodent surveillance in several disadvantaged communities has rendered interventions targeted towards rodent control as often ineffective. Here, by using the example from a pilot case-study in the Bahamas, we present a unique experience wherein, through multidisciplinary and community engagement, we simultaneously developed a standardised national surveillance protocol, and performed two parallel but integrated activities: (1) eight days of theoretical and practical training of selected participants; and (2) a three-month post-training pilot rodent surveillance in the urban community of Over-the-Hill, Nassau, The Bahamas. To account for social and environmental conditions influencing rodent proliferation in the Bahamas, we engaged selected influential community members through a semi-structured interview and gathered additional site-specific information using a modified Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) exterior and interior rodent evaluation form, along with other validated instruments such as tracking plates and snap trapping, to test and establish a standardised site-specific rodent surveillance protocol tailored for the Bahamas. Our engagement with community members highlighted poor disposal of animal and human food, irregular garbage collection, unapproved refuse storage, lack of accessible dumpsters, poor bulk waste management, ownership problems and structural deficiencies as major factors fuelling rodent proliferation in the study areas. Accordingly, results from our pilot survey using active rodent signs (that is, the presence of rodent runs, burrows, faecal material or gnawed material) as a proxy of rodent infestation in a generalized linear model confirmed that the variables earlier identified during the community engagement program as significantly correlated with rodent activities (and capturing) across the study areas. The successful implementation of the novel site-specific protocol by trained participants, along with the correlation of their findings with those recorded during the community engagement program, underscores its suitability and applicability in disadvantaged urban settings. This experience should serve as a reference for promoting a standardised protocol for monitoring rodent activities in many disadvantaged urban settings of the Global South, while also fostering a holistic understanding of rodent proliferation. Through this pilot case-study, we advocate for the feasibility of developing sustainable rodent control interventions that are acceptable to both local communities and public authorities, particularly through the involvement of a multidisciplinary team of professionals and community members.

Cohort Expansion and Genotype-Phenotype Analysis of RAB11A-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorder.

BACKGROUND: GTPases of the Rab family are important orchestrators of membrane trafficking, and their dysregulation has been linked to a variety of neuropathologies. In 2017, we established a causal link between RAB11A variants and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. In this study, we expand the phenotype of RAB11A-associated neurodevelopmental disorder and explore genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS: We assessed 16 patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic RAB11A variants, generally de novo, heterozygous missense variants. One individual had a homozygous nonsense variant, although concomitant with a pathogenic LAMA2 variant, which made their respective contributions to the phenotype difficult to discriminate. RESULTS: We reinforce the finding that certain RAB11A missense variants lead to intellectual disability and developmental delays. Other clinical features might include gait disturbances, hypotonia, magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, visual anomalies, dysmorphisms, early adrenarche, and obesity. Epilepsy seems to be less common and linked to variants outside the binding sites. Individuals with variants in the binding sites seem to have a more multisystemic, nonepileptic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to other Rab-related disorders, RAB11A-associated neurodevelopmental disorder can also impact gait, tonus, brain anatomy and physiology, vision, adrenarche, and body weight and structure. Epilepsy seems to affect the minority of patients with variants outside the binding sites.

A utilização da brincadeira na educação em saúde como prevenção da anemia ferropriva na infância: atuação do enfermeiro ­ estudo de revisão integrativa / The use of games in health education in order to prevent iron deficiency anemia in infancy: the role of the nurse - literature systematic review / El uso del juego en la educación sanitaria y prevención de la anemia por deficiencia de hierro en la infancia: papel de la enfermera ­ el estudio de revisión integrative

Objetivo: descrever a importância da brincadeira durante as ações de enfermagem, como forma de prevenção da anemia ferropriva. Método: trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica de caráter descritivo, onde foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico de publicações dos últimos dez anos. Resultados: Foram encontrados 118 artigos, e destes foram selecionados treze escolhendo os artigos que responderam ao objetivo da pesquisa, e excluindo aqueles que estavam em inglês, publicados há mais de dez anos e não tratavam do assunto em questão. Conclusão: Devido a isso cabe ao profissional enfermeiro, como educador em saúde, utilizar dinâmicas que favoreçam este processo nos momentos mais oportunos do seu âmbito de trabalho para tentar reduzir o número de novos casos. A brincadeira como forma de prevenção é de bastante valia por ser fundamental para o desenvolvimento infantil, já que é a união do aprender com o ser feliz.(AU)

Objective: to describe the importance of playing during the nursing actions in order to prevent anemia. Method: this is a descriptive review, which had undertaken a literature research of publications of the past ten years. Results: 118 items were found, of which thirteen were selected by choosing items that answered to the purpose of the study, and excluding those that were in English, published for over ten years and that did not address the purpose of the research. . Conclusion: it's responsibility of the nurse as a health educator, used to encourage this dynamic process in the most timely of its scope of work to try to reduce the number of new cases. Playing as a form of prevention is worthy due to its importance to child development, as is the union of learning and being happy.(AU)

Objetivo: describir la importancia del juego en las acciones de enfermería con el fin de prevenir la anemia. Método: se trata de una revisión de carácter descriptivo, que había llevado a cabo un estudio de la bibliografía de las publicaciones de los últimos diez años. Resultados: encontrados 118 artículos, de los cuales trece fueron seleccionados al elegir los elementos que responde a la finalidad del estudio, excluyendo las que estaban en Inglés, publicado hace más de diez años y no aborda el tema en cuestión. Conclusión: a causa de esto es que la enfermera profesional como educador en salud, que sirve para fomentar este proceso dinámico en el más oportuno de su ámbito de trabajo para tratar de reducir el número de nuevos casos. Jugando como una forma de prevención vale mucho para ser crucial para el desarrollo del niño, como es la unión de aprender a ser feliz.(AU)