Translation, Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity Evidence of the Feeding/Swallowing Impact Survey (FS-IS) to Brazilian Portuguese.

The purpose of this study was to translate and adapt the Feeding/Swallowing Impact Survey (FS-IS) into Brazilian Portuguese and provide a validated instrument for caregivers of children with feeding/swallowing disorders. This cross-cultural study involved initial translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, Committee of Experts, and pre-test. The sample consisted of 95 primary caregivers of children with feeding/swallowing disorders classified by Pediatric Dysphagia Evaluation Protocol (PDEP) in mild (n = 9), moderate-severe (n = 40), or profound (n = 46) dysphagia. Reliability and evidence of validity based on test content, response processes, internal structure and the relations to other variables were investigated. Internal consistency, test-retest, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed, in addition to the correlation with PedsQL™ Family Impact Module (PedsQLTMFIM). The pre-test participants did not report any difficulties in understanding the translated version. The Brazilian Portuguese version of FS-IS (Pt-Br-FS-IS) presented Cronbach's Alpha of 0.83, Exploratory Factor Analysis verified that the instrument would not be unifactorial (KMO = 0.74 and Bartlett's sphericity test p < 0.001) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the original model in three subscales with χ2/df = 1.23, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.90, RMSEA (90% CI) 0.049 (0.011-0.073) adjustment indexes and the ICC was excellent in all subscales and total score. The correlation with PedsQL™FIM was significant in the total score and subscales. This study successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted the FS-IS instrument to the Brazilian Portuguese language and the investigation of its reliability and validity evidence suggests that the Pt-Br-FS-IS is a reliable and valid tool to measure the impact of feeding/swallowing disorders on the quality of life of caregivers of affected children.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression after electroconvulsive shocks in rat brain.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in rat brain. METHODS: Rats were given either a single (acute) or a series of eight (chronic) ECS. Brain regions were isolated and levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the brain tissue (cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum) were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: We showed that GFAP expression is reduced in the hippocampus within 48 h and 7 days after acute ECS. GFAP levels are increased in the cerebellum immediately after acute and chronic ECS. No changes were observed in the cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed a differential effect of acute and chronic ECS in the astroglial response in the brain of rats.