A comparison of the Mediterranean diet and current food consumption patterns in Spain from a nutritional and water perspective.

The promotion of responsible consumption is a key strategy to achieve environmental benefits, sustainable food security, and enhance public health. Countries like Spain are making efforts to reverse growing obesity and promote healthy diets, such as the recommended and traditional Mediterranean, recognized as a key strategy to improve the population's health with locally grown, traditional, and seasonal products like fruits, vegetables, olive oil, and fish. With a view to connecting water, agriculture, food security, nutrition and health, this research aims to investigate and compare the nutritional and water implications of the current food consumption of Spanish households with the recommended Mediterranean diet. Besides, we calculate their nutritional composition, compare their water footprints, and develop a new methodological approach to assess nutritional water productivity (i.e. the nutritional value per unit of embedded water). Results show that the current Spanish diet is shifting away from the recommended Mediterranean towards an alternative one containing three times more meat, dairy and sugar products, and a third fewer fruits, vegetables, and cereals. The Mediterranean diet is also less caloric, as it contains smaller amounts of proteins and fats and is richer in fiber and micronutrients. Due to the high-embedded water content in animal products, a shift towards a Mediterranean diet would reduce the consumptive WF about 750 l/capita day. Additionally, the Mediterranean diet has better water-nutritional efficiency than the current one: it provides more energy, fiber, and nutrients per liter of consumptive water. The study confirms the Mediterranean diet is a healthier and more sustainable diet with strong cultural heritage.

Detección de errores potenciales de prescripción de carboplatino mediante validación farmacéutica / Detection of potential prescription errors of carboplatin by pharmaceutical validation

Las fallas en alguno de los procesos de la farmacoterapéutica podrían ser un riesgo potencial para que se cometan errores que puedan provocar daños en el paciente. Por este motivo todo servicio que aplique terapéutica citostática a sus pacientes debe establecer un procedimiento de validación de sus procesos, comenzando por la prescripción. En el presente trabajo se realizó un análisis del comportamiento de este proceso en las prescripciones que incluyeron el carboplatino, citostático cuyos efectos adversos son en general, frecuentes, moderadamente importantes y cuyas dosis deben ser ajustadas individualmente teniendo en cuenta el aclaramiento estimado y el área bajo la curva. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con el objetivo de identificar las deficiencias en el transcurso de la validación farmacéutica de este fármaco, incluido en los esquemas de tratamientos de quimioterapia en pacientes con cáncer de pulmón. Fueron seleccionadas 45 órdenes médicas de pacientes comprendidos en grupos de edades mayores de 51 años, con comportamiento similar en uno y otro sexo y en los cuales predominó el cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas. Prevalecieron los errores sin daño de tipo B (64), seguidos de los errores sin daño tipo C (21). Los errores potenciales de tipo A se presentaron con una frecuencia de 26 oportunidades, en 8 de ellas no se indicó el área bajo la curva y en 18 no hubo cambio de dosis en los diferentes ciclos. Se concluye que el proceso de validación farmacéutica es vital para prevenir que los errores en la prescripción lleguen al paciente(AU)

All failures in some of the pharmacotherapy processes could be a potential risk to make mistakes that could to provoke damages in the patient. Thus, all service applying a cytostatic therapy to its patients must to establish a validation procedure of processes, beginning by prescription. In present paper an analysis of behavior of this process in the prescriptions was made including the carboplatin, cytostatic agent whose adverse effects are in general frequent, moderately significant and whose doses must to be adjusted taking into account the estimated clearance and the area under curve. The aim of present paper was to conduct a retrospective and descriptive study to identify the deficiencies during the pharmaceutical validation of this drug, included in the schemes of chemotherapy treatment in patients presenting with lung cancer. A total of 45 medical prescriptions were selected from patients aged over 51 with a similar behavior in both sexes where the non-small cells lung cancer was predominant, prevailing the error without type B damage (64) followed by error without type C damage (21). The potential type A errors were present in 26 opportunities; in eight of them the area under the curve was not signaled and in 18 there was not a dose change during the different cycles. We conclude that the pharmaceutical validation process is essential to avoid that the errors in prescription to reach patient(AU)

Detección de errores potenciales de prescripción de carboplatino mediante validación farmacéutica / Detection of potential prescription errors of carboplatin by pharmaceutical validation

Las fallas en alguno de los procesos de la farmacoterapéutica podrían ser un riesgo potencial para que se cometan errores que puedan provocar daños en el paciente. Por este motivo todo servicio que aplique terapéutica citostática a sus pacientes debe establecer un procedimiento de validación de sus procesos, comenzando por la prescripción. En el presente trabajo se realizó un análisis del comportamiento de este proceso en las prescripciones que incluyeron el carboplatino, citostático cuyos efectos adversos son en general, frecuentes, moderadamente importantes y cuyas dosis deben ser ajustadas individualmente teniendo en cuenta el aclaramiento estimado y el área bajo la curva. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con el objetivo de identificar las deficiencias en el transcurso de la validación farmacéutica de este fármaco, incluido en los esquemas de tratamientos de quimioterapia en pacientes con cáncer de pulmón. Fueron seleccionadas 45 órdenes médicas de pacientes comprendidos en grupos de edades mayores de 51 años, con comportamiento similar en uno y otro sexo y en los cuales predominó el cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas. Prevalecieron los errores sin daño de tipo B (64), seguidos de los errores sin daño tipo C (21). Los errores potenciales de tipo A se presentaron con una frecuencia de 26 oportunidades, en 8 de ellas no se indicó el área bajo la curva y en 18 no hubo cambio de dosis en los diferentes ciclos. Se concluye que el proceso de validación farmacéutica es vital para prevenir que los errores en la prescripción lleguen al paciente

All failures in some of the pharmacotherapy processes could be a potential risk to make mistakes that could to provoke damages in the patient. Thus, all service applying a cytostatic therapy to its patients must to establish a validation procedure of processes, beginning by prescription. In present paper an analysis of behavior of this process in the prescriptions was made including the carboplatin, cytostatic agent whose adverse effects are in general frequent, moderately significant and whose doses must to be adjusted taking into account the estimated clearance and the area under curve. The aim of present paper was to conduct a retrospective and descriptive study to identify the deficiencies during the pharmaceutical validation of this drug, included in the schemes of chemotherapy treatment in patients presenting with lung cancer. A total of 45 medical prescriptions were selected from patients aged over 51 with a similar behavior in both sexes where the non-small cells lung cancer was predominant, prevailing the error without type B damage (64) followed by error without type C damage (21). The potential type A errors were present in 26 opportunities; in eight of them the area under the curve was not signaled and in 18 there was not a dose change during the different cycles. We conclude that the pharmaceutical validation process is essential to avoid that the errors in prescription to reach patient