[SEPARATE ASPECTS OF LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MEDICAL WORKERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINE, GERMANY, FRANCE, THE USA].

The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze the features of the legal responsibility of medical workers for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of their professional duties. General scientific and special methods were used. The logical method of convergence from simple to complex made it possible to determine the main features of the legal responsibility of medical workers in the context of the analysis of the essence of medical activity and legal responsibility. The systemic-structural method made it possible to determine the place of civil responsibility of medical workers in Germany, France, the United States among other types of legal responsibility. Logical-legal and formal-legal methods made it possible to formulate the concepts "legal responsibility of medical workers as an institution of objective law" and "legal responsibility as an element of legal relations." The comparative legal method was used in the analysis of the legislation of foreign countries and Ukraine. We have established that a medical workers are special subjects and are held legally responsibility for failure to perform or improper performance of their professional duties, which are directly related to the nature of their work. A medical professional can potentially be brought to legal responsibility from the moment he begins to engage in his medical activity. The reality of the fact of bringing a medical professional to legal responsibility depends on the availability of the necessary grounds for its occurrence. The grounds for bringing a medical worker to legal responsibility are: the fact of committing a deliberate crime or an unjustified medical error; negative consequences for the life and health of the patient; a causal relationship between the fact of a deliberate crime or unjustified medical error and negative consequences for the patient. The main types of legal liability of medical workers include: criminal law, administrative law, civil law, disciplinary. The relationship between a patient and medical professionals in the USA, France, Germany is private, and is referred to as private law. These relations are mainly governed by the norms of civil law. In this regard, responsibility for "culpable defects" in the provision of medical services by medical workers is reduced to compensation for material and moral harm to the patient. Ukraine needs to develop and carry out a set of actions aimed at ensuring the protection of human rights, life and health in the medical field.

A new quinoline-based chemical probe inhibits the autophagy-related cysteine protease ATG4B.

The cysteine protease ATG4B is a key component of the autophagy machinery, acting to proteolytically prime and recycle its substrate MAP1LC3B. The roles of ATG4B in cancer and other diseases appear to be context dependent but are still not well understood. To help further explore ATG4B functions and potential therapeutic applications, we employed a chemical biology approach to identify ATG4B inhibitors. Here, we describe the discovery of 4-28, a styrylquinoline identified by a combined computational modeling, in silico screening, high content cell-based screening and biochemical assay approach. A structure-activity relationship study led to the development of a more stable and potent compound LV-320. We demonstrated that LV-320 inhibits ATG4B enzymatic activity, blocks autophagic flux in cells, and is stable, non-toxic and active in vivo. These findings suggest that LV-320 will serve as a relevant chemical tool to study the various roles of ATG4B in cancer and other contexts.