[Psychological dysfunctions and management of cerebral palsy patients]. / Dysfonctionnements et prise en charge psychologiques des patients cérébrolésés.

Cerebrospinal patients are victims of acquired brain lesions of multiple etiologies: head trauma, stroke, brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations, progressive degenerative diseases. Their care requires a combination of neurological, neuropsychological, psychiatric and psychopathological knowledge. Psychological follow-up of patients with cerebral palsy is one of the dimensions of their care.

[The subjective experience of contact with the deceased or necrophany: a widespread and little-known phenomenon]. / Le vécu subjectif de contact avec un défunt ou nécrophanie : un phénomène répandu et peu connu.

The subjective experience of contact with the deceased (VSCD), spontaneous and direct, by people most often in mourning, is neither rare nor new. It's even considered a universal and timeless phenomenon. Yet this psychological and sensory manifestation, which can manifest itself through sight, hearing, smell or touch, remains little known to the general public and health professionals alike. This article is an opportunity for many to discover this phenomenon, also known as necrophany.

[Motivation for physical exercise: the benefits of active transport in the fight against sedentary lifestyles]. / Motivation à la pratique physique : intérêts des transports actifs pour lutter contre la sédentarité.

Our contemporary lifestyles offer little incentive to be physically active, and give us far fewer opportunities to be active than in the past, with many of our tasks being sedentary and most of our transport being motorized. While it's easy to acknowledge a lack of physical activity, putting it into practice is eminently more complex, and many researchers are trying to answer the thorny question: how can we enable people to be more physically active in their daily lives? With this in mind, the aim of this article is to show that active transport is an effective way of getting sedentary people to engage in regular physical activity.

[The benefits of physical activity in the workplace for maintaining employee health]. / Intérêts de l'activité physique au travail pour le maintien de la santé des salariés.

Some jobs, particularly in the service sector, involve little physical activity on the part of employees. To improve their health, several areas or periods could be used to increase the amount of daily physical activity. Active transport to and from work is one such initiative, but physical activity can also be envisaged outside and during working hours. The aim of this article is to provide insights and research perspectives to better measure the importance of physical activity in the workplace.

[Questioning disruptive disorder with emotional dysregulation]. / Questionner le trouble disruptif avec dysrégulation émotionnelle.

Disruptive Emotional Dysregulation Disorder (DEDD) responds to an increase in diagnoses of clastic crises, reactive depression and bipolarity in children and adolescents. Emerging in the 1990s, EDD has become an issue for practitioners, parents and teachers alike, and has become an integral part of the landscape of paediatric and child psychiatric disorders. Its diagnostic complexity is accentuated by criteria that include persistent and disproportionate outbursts of anger, often confused with other pathologies, especially as diagnostic tools are few and far between. Professionals in the field know little about EDD, preferring to diagnose more familiar disorders.

Facing Your Fear of COVID-19: Resilience as a Protective Factor Against Burnout in South African Teachers.

Objective: Frontline workers have been distinctively impacted by the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers, as frontline employees in the educational system, had to contend with unprecedented changes to their work role, as well as new job demands coupled with insufficient resources and the effects of the pandemic on their personal lives. While some teachers struggled to cope and reported intense levels of fear of COVID-19 and burnout, others were able to adapt and experienced a sense of growth and accomplishment. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the role of resilience in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and burnout among South African schoolteachers using a survey design. Materials and methods: Schoolteachers in South Africa (n = 355) were administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10. Results: The results showed a positive relationship between fear of COVID-19 and emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Moreover, structural equation modeling confirmed a health-sustaining role for resilience as it had a significant direct effect on burnout. Resilience also partially mediated the impact of fear of COVID-19 on depersonalization as well as emotional exhaustion, and fully mediated the impact of fear of COVID-19 on personal accomplishment. Conclusions: Our findings underscore that promoting individual- and institutional-level strategies to support teachers is necessary to build resilience, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectifs: Les travailleurs essentiels (ou travailleurs de première ligne) ont été particulièrement touchés par la propagation rapide de la pandémie de COVID-19. Les enseignants, en tant qu'employés clés du système éducatif, ont dû faire face à des changements sans précédent dans leur rôle professionnel, ainsi qu'à de nouvelles exigences professionnelles associées à des ressources insuffisantes et aux effets de la pandémie sur leur vie personnelle. Alors que certains enseignants ont eu du mal à faire face à cette situation et ont signalé des niveaux intenses de peur de la COVID-19 et d'épuisement professionnel, d'autres ont pu s'adapter et ont ressenti un sentiment de croissance et d'accomplissement. Par conséquent, la présente étude vise à examiner le rôle de la résilience dans la relation entre la peur de la COVID-19 et l'épuisement professionnel chez les enseignants sud-africains à l'aide d'une d'enquête spécialement dédiée à cette question. Matériel et méthode: Cette étude a considéré les enseignants d'Afrique du Sud (n = 355) sous l'angle de l'inventaire de burn out de Maslach, de l'échelle de la peur de la COVID-19 et de l'échelle-10 de résilience de Connor­Davidson. Résultats: Les résultats ont montré une relation positive entre la peur de la COVID-19 et l'épuisement émotionnel et la dépersonnalisation. De plus, la modélisation par équation structurelle a confirmé le rôle de la résilience dans le maintien de la bonne santé, car elle a un effet direct significatif sur l'épuisement professionnel. La résilience a également partiellement modéré l'impact de la peur de la COVID-19 sur la dépersonnalisation ainsi que l'épuisement émotionnel et a entièrement réduit l'impact de la peur du COVID-19 sur l'accomplissement personnel. Cette étude a aussi fourni des informations sur les interventions appropriées. Les enseignants qui souffrent de fatigue chronique, de désillusion et de dépersonnalisation courent un risque accru de problèmes physiques et psychologiques. Cela, à son tour, pourrait avoir un impact négatif sur le rendement au travail et entraîner un taux de roulement des personnels enseignants élevé ayant un impact négatif sur les expériences d'apprentissage des étudiants. L'amélioration de la résilience des enseignants face à la COVID-19 nécessite une approche à plusieurs niveaux qui se concentre à la fois sur les réponses individuelles et sur les réponses organisationnelles plus larges. Des interventions, telles que la réduction du stress basée sur la discussion, fondée sur la théorie cognitivo-comportementale et concentrée sur le recadrage cognitif des pensées stressantes, provoquant de l'anxiété, se sont avérées efficaces pour promouvoir la résilience des enseignants au niveau individuel. Conclusions: Dans l'ensemble, les résultats de cette étude confirment que la résilience est un facteur de protection important dans l'association entre épuisement professionnel et peur de la COVID-19 chez les enseignants sud-africains. Nos résultats soulignent que la promotion de stratégies individuelles et institutionnelles pour soutenir les enseignants est nécessaire pour renforcer la résilience, en particulier dans le contexte de la pandémie de la COVID-19.

[Taking care of trans minors]. / Prendre en charge les mineurs trans.

The issue of trans minors is becoming more and more important as a new issue of care, especially in the health field. The nursing world is no stranger to these requests for support, at school or in specialized centers. This is why, through this article, it seemed necessary to go back over some definitions and to deconstruct some prejudices concerning this population.

[The psychopathological dimension of female alcoholism]. / La dimension psychopathologique de l'alcoolisme féminin.

In France, as in other countries, more and more women are affected by alcoholism. Progress needs to be made in the early detection and management of their physical and psychological dependence on alcohol, as well as their psychopathological comorbidities.

[Circumcision and HIV Prevention in Southern Africa: WHO Recommendations Questioned]. / Circoncision et prévention du VIH en Afrique australe : les recommandations de l'OMS en question.

The relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and male circumcision, medical or traditional, remains controversial. Randomized clinical trials indicate that medical circumcision reduces the incidence in the months following surgery. But population-based studies show that the prevalence is the same over the long term. This paper summarizes the results of large population-based surveys conducted in southern African countries, the region most affected by AIDS worldwide. These surveys show that HIV prevalence among men aged 40-59 years is the same regardless of circumcision status and type. These results call into question the recommendations of the World Health Organization.

[Psychological care for combatants psychotraumatized by armed conflict]. / Prises en charge psychologiques des combattants psychotraumatisés par les conflits armés.

The treatment of psychotrauma is based on two main aspects, pharmacological and psychotherapeutic, in accordance with national and international recommendations on psychotherapy, which recommend the use of different techniques, depending on the time frame of the psychotraumatic event or events. The principles of psychological support are based on three phases: immediate, post-medical and long-term. Therapeutic patient education brings added value to the psychological care of psychotraumatized people.

[Depression of the elderly]. / La dépression de la personne âgée.

The aging of the population increases the rate of depressive morbidity. It constitutes a major public health problem. In France, in 2018, people aged 65 or older represented 19.6% of the population. By 2040, they will represent about 25%. According to the World Health Organization, worldwide, among adults aged 60 and over, 15% suffer from a mental health disorder. 6.6% of disabilities are attributed to psychological or neurological disorders, the most common being dementia and depression (7%). A good knowledge of the depressive syndrome of the elderly is and will be essential for health professionals.

[Tuberculosis remains a public health issue in South Africa]. / La tuberculose demeure un enjeu de santé publique en Afrique du Sud.

Tuberculosis is an airborne infectious disease that can damage the lungs and other body organs. Early detection of people infected with Koch's bacillus is important because tuberculosis is a contagious disease. It can be cured. It is still a very common disease in South Africa and is fatal for sixty thousand people per year. Tuberculosis remains a major health problem for which the public authorities must put in place more effective prevention and management policies, particularly by improving the training of nurses and doctors.

[Infant and child mortality in Palestine]. / Mortalité infanto-juvénile en Palestine.

The infant mortality rate (children under five) in Palestine is 21 deaths per 1,000 live births. Palestine has thus successfully reached the threshold set by the Millennium Development Goals for child mortality. However, this rate is higher than in neighboring countries. This indicator is extremely important as it is a highly sensitive indirect measure of population health, poverty and socio-economic development status, as well as the availability and quality of health services in a country. These are all factors that still present challenges in Palestine.

[Substance use among adolescents: Addiction or self-handicap strategy?] / Consommation de substances psychoactives chez les adolescents : addiction ou stratégie d'auto-handicap ?

Self-handicapping strategies consist of creating or declaring obstacles to oneself before a situation of accomplishment that threatens the self, as might be the case during an academic assessment or a sporting competition, in order to protect oneself from a possible failure or to valorise oneself in the event of success. It turns out that beyond the physiological effects sought and the dependence linked to the product, the consumption of psychoactive substances can serve as an excuse for users in the event of failure, thus protecting their sense of competence or enhancing it in the event of success, for having succeeded in spite of their consumption, which is known to have a negative impact on performance.

[Health care workers: the importance of adapted physical activities]. / Santé des personnels soignants : l'importance des activités physiques adaptées.

Adapted physical activities (APA) in the workplace improve workers' health. Paradoxically, APA remains marginal in the very places where improving health is the central objective of health care workers, namely clinics and hospitals. Promoting physical activity in the workplace is a twofold challenge. Not only does PA improve the health and well-being of caregivers, but it also allows them to be more effective in their daily work with patients.

[Isolation and restraint in units for difficult patients and in psychiatric intensive care units]. / Isolement et contention en unités pour malades difficiles et en unités de soins intensifs psychiatriques.

The units for difficult patients (UMD) and the intensive psychiatric care units (Usip) are psychiatric services that are not successively sectorized, created to meet the needs of intensive care in a closed environment and sometimes of a forensic nature. These two systems are used to care for patients whose clinical condition often makes it too complex to maintain them in sector psychiatric units, and many of their operating rules differ. This is not the case for seclusion and restraint measures and the application of the law governing these measures.

[Soothing in units for difficult patients and in psychiatric intensive care units]. / Apaisement en unités pour malades difficiles et en unités de soins intensifs psychiatriques.

In the units for difficult patients (UMD) and the intensive psychiatric care units (Usip), patients whose mental pathologies have or could generate violent acts which can go as far as committing homicide are taken care of. If, during the psychiatric care of these patients, isolation and restraint measures can be put in place as a last resort, in general it is the symptomatological and behavioral appeasement of these persons that is sought in an alternative way.

[Analysis of the psychological causes of early substance use among adolescents in school and university settings]. / Analyse des causes psychologiques des premières consommations de substances psychoactives chez les adolescents en contexte scolaire et universitaire.

Experimentation with psychoactive substances (PAS), such as alcohol, tobacco or cannabis, is common in adolescence, and continues to pose a public health issue that can lead to failure at school and university. Most of the work on these issues focuses on addiction-related aspects, and little on the underlying causes of addiction. This article sheds psycho-social theoretical light on the causes of first-time use of APS, and cannabis in particular. It is particularly aimed at school nurses and university preventive medicine nurses.

[Impact of adapted physical activities on the health and psychological factors involved in the learning of pupils and students]. / Impacts des APA sur les facteurs psychologiques impliqués dans les apprentissages des élèves et des étudiants.

The literature documenting the positive role of adapted physical activities (APA) in academic success is flourishing. It's widely accepted that practicing APA helps you succeed. However, the pathway linking the impact of physical activity on student health to academic success remains unclear, and there is still a great deal of ground to cover. With this in mind, the aim of this article is to review what is known about the health benefits of physical activity and the psychological factors involved in learning in the school and university context.

[Preventing and regulating psychoactive substance use among occasional and regular adolescents]. / Prévenir et réguler la consommation de substances psychoactives chez les adolescents.

The academic success and well-being of young people can be undermined by the use of psychoactive substances (PAS), which is particularly prevalent during adolescence, a period vulnerable to social influences. This article is aimed in particular at school and university preventive medicine nurses. It proposes intervention strategies for adolescents who regularly use such substances. Based on the scientific literature, the aim is to examine how psychological support, coupled with a program of adapted physical activity, could limit the use of APS, a factor in academic failure and health risks.