Immature delivery after intrauterine Candida albicans infection.

The case is presented of a patient who delivered an immature infant after an intrauterine candidial infection in the presence of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). 8 other cases of intrauterine Candida infection leading to immature deliveries were gathered from the literature. On the basis of the pathologic findings, the medium of infection is thought to be the amniotic fluid.

Single intraamniotic injections of prostaglandin F-2-alpha as an abortifacient agent: size of effective dose and effect of parity.

PIP: This report discusses the authors' experience with intraamniotic administration of single doses of the prostaglandin PGF2alpha as an abortifacient agent. 98 healthy women between the 12th and 26th week of pregnancy admitted to the Clinical Research Unit of the North Carolina Memorial Hospital were given a single intraamniotic dose of PGF2a administered through an indwelling polyethelene catheter inserted either transabdominally or transvaginally. The drug was given as Tham salt with the first 5 mg of any dose being given at the rate of 1 mg/minute for 5 minutes, followed by more rapid administration of the balance of the dose. Abortion which did not occur within 48 hours was considered a failure. Each patient received 1 of the following dosages: 25, 40, 50, and 75. 9 (64%) of 14 patients given 25 mg PGF2a aborted within the 48-hour period. The percentages of abortion in the doses 40, 50, and 75 mg were 88.9% (9 patients), 96.7% (60 patients) and 93.3% (15 patients) respectively. As these figures were almost similar, the 84 patients were combined as a single group (84 patients) relative to the injection-abortion time, effect of parity, and stage of gestation at which the abortion was carried out. Half of the patients in this combined group aborted in approximately 21 hours; more than 90% at the end of 32 hours; and 95% at the end of the 48 hours post-injection. For comparison, the cumulative abortion curve of 552 patients who had intraamniotic saline for abortion showed that 50% of the women aborted within 31 hours, 84% within 48 hours, and 97% within 72 hours. Prostaglandin induced abortions thus are shown to reach the 50% level 10 hours before the saline patients, and the 90% level about 21 hours before the saline patients. Significant side effects (presented elsewhere) were observed in all groups, with the incidence increasing at higher dosages. Mean induction-abortion time for nulliparas at all dosages was 17.4 hours; for multiparas, 20.4 hours. There was no clear relationship between gestational age and parity. The study shows that the effective dose for inducing abortion with PGF2a lies within the 40 to 50 mg dose range.^ieng

Changes in human plasma catecholamines and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase produced by prostaglandin F2 alpha.

PIP: Clinical research was conducted into the possible interrelationships between prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha and the human sympathetic nervous system. The study also permitted comparison of the relative sensitivity of 2 indicators of sympatho-adrenal activity: 1) the determination of circulating catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine; and 2) analysis of plasma dopamine-8-hydroxylase activity. Intravenous PGF2alpha infusion was administered to college students 12-18 weeks pregnant to produce abortion; the results were compared to results from nonpregnant controls. Circulating norepinephrine but not plasma epinephrine or dopamine-8-hydroxylase levels were increased in response to the PG. There was no correlation between plasma epinephrine and plasma norepinephrine levels. Plasma dopamine-8-hydroxylase activity was found not to be significantly changed by pregnancy, administration of the analgesic and antiemetic, or the PG infusion. In fact, central venous dopamine-8-hydroxylase activity did not differ significantly from that of arterial blood. The PG did not affect cardiac output or maximal expiratory flow rate. It is suggested that the nausea and diarrhea accompanying PGF2alpha infusion may put stress on the sympathetic nervous activity causing the observed increase in plasma norepinephrine concentration. Since no changes in blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, or cardiac output were observed, it is unlikely that PGF2alpha causes even slight impairment of sympathetic nervous system activity.^ieng