Moral distress and professors of nursing: A cluster analysis.

BACKGROUND: Professors of nursing sometimes experience specific situations in their daily practice that conflict with their values and ethical principles and may culminate in moral distress. Moral distress occurs when one is prevented from acting according to his or her knowledge or values, or what one considers to be ethically sound. OBJECTIVES: To identify the profile of professors of nursing through grouping sociodemographic characteristics and intensity of moral distress. METHOD: Cross-sectional and exploratory study addressing 373 nurses teaching in Brazilian federal public higher education institutions. Data were collected from June to December 2018 through email, using the Google Docs tool. A moral distress scale directed to nurse educators was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, variance analysis, and cluster analysis. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The Institutional Review Board at the Federal University of Rio Grande approved this study. FINDINGS: Initially, four clusters emerged for each variable predicting the profile of Brazilian professors of nursing: sex; whether the individual worked in a graduate program; age; experience in years in their respective higher education institution; and intensity of moral distress. The profile of Brazilian professors of nursing was represented by the largest cluster, 36.5% (n = 136), composed of women working in graduate programs, aged 37 years old on average, having worked in their respective institutions for approximately 5 years, and presenting a moderate intensity of moral distress. CONCLUSION: Assigning individuals into groups facilitates seeing similarities among the predictors that compose the profile of Brazilian professors of nursing, thus recognizing those workers experiencing moral distress in their daily work routine. In addition, this study's results are expected to encourage reflection on the planning of efficacious interventions directed to the context of education and health.

Sylimarin as hepatic protector and immunomodulator in Nile tilapia during Streptococcus agalactiae infection.

This study investigated the use of silymarin, an extract obtained from the milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and its effects as a possible hepatoprotector in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Silymarin was used as feed additive to the diet at a concentration of 0.1% (1 kg per ton of dry ration) with the commercial product named Di-Heptarine S® (16% silymarin phosphatide). A total of 90 juvenile tilapia with approximately 45 days old and mean weight of 0.72 ±â€¯0.04 g were distributed in two groups, one fed with a diet with the hepatoprotector and the other without the additive. At the end of the assay (55 days after feeding), samples of blood were collected for hematological, immunological, histological (liver, spleen and intestine) and enzymatic analysis such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). After 55 days all fish were challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae serotype Ib to verify the sylimarin effects on the immunological parameters and its protection effect while challenged. During the challenge period another biological material sample was collected for hematological, immunological and histopathological analysis (liver, spleen and intestine). Before the challenge, an increase on the count of thrombocyte was found in the supplemented fish. In the liver, dilation of the sinusoids was observed in unsupplemented fish while supplemented fish the alteration was less severe. No significant alteration was found in SOD, CAT and GST between the groups. Histological changes after the challenge were provoked by bacterial toxins as a result of inflammatory processes. Periacinar degeneration was less intense in unsupplemented fish when compared to supplemented fish. On the other hand, eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltrate did occur in unsupplemented fish differently from supplemented fish which did not show the alteration. The survival was 28% higher in silymarin supplemented fish when compared to unsupplemented fish that presented no survival. Silymarin supplementation in the diet provided a hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effect on Nile tilapia.

Blood biochemical parameters and melanomacrophage centers in Nile tilapia fed essential oils of clove basil and ginger.

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the most farmed freshwater fish in the world, however, disease outbreaks are the main cause of losses in production. Due to this, there is an increasing interest in natural products for enhancing disease resistance, without causing physiological impairment. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of the essential oils of clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on physiological and immunological parameters of nile tilapia. After 35 and 55 days of supplementation (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%), blood collection was performed for determination of metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, serum total protein and immunoglobulins) and lysozyme activity. Spleen tissue was also collected at 55 days for analyzing melanomacrophages centers. At 35 days, cholesterol showed significant reduction in the treatments 0.5% and 1.5 ginger and 1.5% clove basil. The serum triglycerides showed significant reduction in these same treatments, in addition to 1.0% clove basil. At 55 days all the supplemented groups showed significant reduction for both parameters. The lysozyme activity at 35 days was significantly higher in fish supplemented with 1.0% ginger and showed no difference among the treatments at 55 days. Regarding the melanomacrophage centers, at 35 days increased number in fish supplemented with 0.5% clove basil was observed but with no significant difference in the total percent area of spleen occupied by centers. The levels of glucose, total serum protein and immunoglobulins did not show significant differences in both sampling times. The addition of essential oils showed to be useful for improving physiological status of the fish, without excessive activation of defense mechanisms.

Hemato-immunological and biochemical parameters of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen immunized with live theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis.

This study investigated the immunization by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) (assay I) and immersion bath (assay II) with live theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifillis in Rhamdia quelen and its influence on the hemato-immunological and biochemical parameters. Fish were divided in control (non immunized no challenged); non immunized and challenged with 12,000 theronts/fish; non immunized and challenged with 22,000 theronts/fish; immunized and challenged with 12,000 theronts/fish; immunized and challenged with 22,000 theronts/fish. Six days after challenge, either in the assay I or in the assay II the prevalence of I. multifillis in the gills was higher in non immunized fish (33.33% and 27.77%, respectively). In the assay I showed higher numbers of thrombocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes 20 days after injection and lower numbers after challenge. The immunoglobulin values were higher in fish non immunized. Fish immunized by immersion bath (assay II) showed greater values of catalase (CAT) in the liver (1245.49 U/mgprt) when compared to i.p. (198.79 U/mgprt). The levels of CAT in the liver of fish from the assay II were greater (1738.47 U/mgprt) 14 days after immunization than that observed 21 days after (1114.26 U/mgprt). The vaccination by i.p method showed influence on the hematological parameters. On the other hand, the immersion bath vaccination showed greater influence on the catalase activity in the liver. The results showed that new parameters like total protein, immunoglobulin and antioxidant enzymes could be considered in evaluating the host response to infection.

Leukocyte phagocytosis and lysozyme activity in Nile tilapia fed supplemented diet with natural extracts of propolis and Aloe barbadensis.

Although there is evidence on the benefits in the use of immunostimulants in aquaculture, there are few commercial products being used. This study evaluated the use of natural substances as potential sources for the production of immunostimulants. Propolis and Aloe barbadensis have been widely studied and its extracts have different chemical constituents responsible for antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant. Tilapia juveniles were fed for two weeks with diets supplemented mix of propolis extracts and aloe (1:1) in different concentrations: 0.5, 1 e 2%. After the experimental period, fish blood was collected for hematoimmunological as follows : hematocrit, total plasma protein, erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), differential leukocyte count, phagocytic activity, serum lysozyme activity, and serum antimicrobial activity, serum antimicrobial activity (evaluated against Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterococcus durans and Escherichia coli). Except for higher number of thrombocytes in 1%-supplemented fish, the rest did not show significant difference.

Hematological and histopathological changes in silver catfish Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes) exposed to clomazone herbicide in the Madre River, Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil.

This study evaluated the influence of the clomazone herbicide (2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone) contamination on the hematological parameters and histological changes in gills and liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) from Madre River, Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Fish were collected between March 2010 and January 2012 at two different sites of the Madre River, one site receiving residual water (contaminated site) from rice culture (n=49) and another that do not receive residual water (reference site) (n=48). The herbicide clomazone analysis detected 3.40±1.70 µg/L in the contaminated site and 1.1±0.33 µg/L in the reference site. Fish from contaminated site showed increased (P<0.05) number of monocytes suggesting the possible defense response as a result of chronic exposure to clomazone. On the other hand, no difference was found in the hematocrit percentage, red blood cell count, total thrombocyte number, white blood cell count, lymphocytes, and neutrophils number. Fish from both sites showed histopathological changes in gills and liver, possibly caused by chronic exposure to contamination. The influence of herbicide sub doses on fish health is also discussed.

Minor psychiatric disorders among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with the manifestation of Minor Psychiatric Disorders (MPD) among university students in southern Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, conducted in August and September 2020, with 464 university students. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used with a cut-off point ≥ 7, and associated factors were identified through crude and adjusted analyses using logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of MPD was 76.5%. Factors positively associated with the outcome were female gender, job loss during the pandemic, use of psychoactive substances, and difficulties in following online classes. Being in social distancing for seven months or more was negatively associated with the outcome. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of MPD among the studied sample, as well as a relationship between this outcome and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Clustering the engagement of Brazilian nurses in political advocacy.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the level of nurses' engagement in political advocacy by performing cluster analysis. METHODS: observational study, with a quantitative approach. A total of 184 nurses working in primary, secondary, and tertiary care in a city in the south of Brazil completed the Policy Advocacy Engagement Scale. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, and chi2. The Institutional Review Board approved the study. RESULTS: four differentiated clusters were found according to professional experience, level of healthcare complexity, and unit. The cluster analysis revealed that patient advocacy for community-based obtained the highest mean, indicating that political advocacy is effective in organizational environments and that professional qualification favors greater engagement in political advocacy. CONCLUSIONS: the results reveal that nurses play an active role in political advocacy, seeking to promote positive changes in health, especially those working in tertiary care, the nurse group that obtained the highest means.

Workloads in nursing activities performed in university hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the exposure of nursing workers to workloads present in university hospitals located in southern Brazil. METHOD: Cross-sectional quantitative study performed with 361 nursing workers from two University Hospitals between November 2019 and February 2020. An instrument addressing sociodemographic and occupational variables was used together with the previously validated Workloads in Nursing Activities Scale. The distribution of frequencies, measures of location, and variability were identified, and analysis of variance and the Tukey test were performed. RESULTS: The construct that obtained the highest mean was F3 - Biological Loads (3.00), revealing that nursing workers are very intensively exposed to biological loads. Workloads were significantly different between the work units - physiological (p = 0.001), biological (p = 0.007), psychological (p = 0.042), mechanical (p = 0.014), chemical (p = 0.001), and physical (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The workers identified that exposure to workloads varies in intensity, showing aspects of the work performed in health institutions that either aggravate or mitigate workloads through the activities performed by nursing workers.

Relationship between workloads and presenteeism among nursing workers.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the relationship between exposure to workloads and presenteeism among nursing workers in the socio-environmental context of university hospitals. METHOD: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical study with 355 nursing workers from two university hospitals in southern Brazil. Data were collected from November 2019 to February 2020. The Workload Scale in Nursing Activities and the Work Limitations Questionnaire were used. Descriptive statistics, variance analysis and Pearson's correlation test were used. RESULTS: there was a significant correlation between chemical loads and time management; biological loads and time management, physical demand and productivity loss; physiological loads and mental and interpersonal demand, production demand and loss of productivity; psychological loads and production demand. CONCLUSIONS: there is a relationship between workloads and nursing presenteeism, verified by limitations and loss of productivity.

Health impact assessment of air pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Brazilian metropolis.

Studies around the world have revealed reduced levels of atmospheric particulate matter in periods of greatest human mobility restriction to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to carry out a health impact assessment in Recife, Brazil, hypothesizing a scenario in which the levels of PM10 and PM2.5 remained, throughout the year, as in the most restrictive period of human mobility. Particular material data (PM10 and PM2.5) were measured during the pandemic and population and health (mortality, hospital admissions for heart and respiratory problems) data from 2018 were used. We observed a reduction in the concentration of PM2.5 in up to 43.7% and PM10 up to 29.5% during the period of social isolation in the city of Recife. The reduction in PM2.5 would avoid 106 annual deaths from non-external causes and 58 annual deaths from cardiovascular diseases. In this scenario, $ 294.88 million would be saved ($ 114.88 million from heart problems and $ 180 million from non-external causes). When considering hospitalizations avoided by the decrease in PM10, we observed 57 fewer hospitalizations for respiratory diseases, 42 for heart diseases and a reduction of 37 deaths due to non-external causes. The reduction in spending on respiratory and cardiovascular hospitalizations would exceed $ 330,000. Therefore, the reduction of particulate matter could prevent hospital admissions, deaths and consequently there would be a reduction in disease burden in developing countries where economic resources are scarce. In this sense, governments should seek to reduce levels of pollution in order to improve the life quality and health of the population.

Functional health literacy in older adults with hypertension in the Family Health Strategy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess Functional Health Literacy and the associated sociodemographic, health, information sources and health media factors in older adults with hypertension assisted at the Family Health Strategy. METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional study with an exploratory-descriptive approach, carried out with a total of 264 older adults. A sociodemographic and health characterization instrument was used for the data collection, and another one that evaluated the Functional Health Literacy. For the analysis, a descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. RESULTS: Most of the participants in the study had inadequate literacy (59.5% - 157), and the variables education, income, hospital stay and internet as a source of information are related to the averages of Functional Health Literacy. CONCLUSION: Knowing the Functional Health Literacy of older adults with hypertension and its associated factors can provide subsidies for the planning of health education strategies that, in fact, meet their health needs.

Minor psychiatric disorders among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic / Transtornos psiquiátricos menores en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia del COVID-19 / Transtornos psiquiátricos menores em estudantes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with the manifestation of Minor Psychiatric Disorders (MPD) among university students in southern Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Cross-sectional study, conducted in August and September 2020, with 464 university students. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used with a cut-off point ≥ 7, and associated factors were identified through crude and adjusted analyses using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of MPD was 76.5%. Factors positively associated with the outcome were female gender, job loss during the pandemic, use of psychoactive substances, and difficulties in following online classes. Being in social distancing for seven months or more was negatively associated with the outcome. Conclusion: High prevalence of MPD among the studied sample, as well as a relationship between this outcome and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la manifestación de trastornos psiquiátricos menores en estudiantes universitarios del sur de Brasil durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Método: Estudio realizado en 2020, con 464 alumnos vinculados a una disciplina optativa de Salud Mental. Para el resultado se utilizó el Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), con el punto de corte ≥ 7. La identificación de los factores asociados se realizó mediante regresión logística, precedida de selección de factores de confusión. Resultados: Prevalencia de trastornos psiquiátricos menores correspondiente al 76,5% entre los participantes. Factores asociados positivamente con este resultado: sexo femenino, la pérdida de empleo durante la pandemia, el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y las dificultades para seguir las clases en línea. Estar socialmente distante durante siete meses o más se asoció negativamente con el resultado. Conclusión: Alta prevalencia de malestar emocional entre la muestra, así como una relación entre este resultado y la pandemia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à manifestação de Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores (TPM) em estudantes universitários do Sul do Brasil durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2020, com 464 estudantes universitários. Foi utilizado o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) com o ponto de corte ≥ 7, e identificados os fatores associados por meio de análises brutas e ajustadas com emprego de regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência de TPM foi de 76,5%. Os fatores positivamente associados ao desfecho foram as pessoas do sexo feminino, perda de emprego durante a pandemia, uso de substâncias psicoativas e dificuldades para acompanhar as aulas on-line. Esteve negativamente associado ao desfecho, estar em distanciamento social por período igual ou superior a sete meses. Conclusão: O estudo sugere alta prevalência de TPM entre os universitários e a relação entre esse desfecho e os desdobramentos da pandemia da COVID-19.

Repercussões da COVID-19 na saúde mental de trabalhadores nos centros de atenção psicossocial / COVID-19 mental health repercussions in the workforce at community mental health centres / Repercusiones de la COVID-19 en la salud mental de los trabajadores de centros de salud mental

Objetivo: identificar os diferentes perfis de trabalhadores de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) e investigar suas características sociodemográficas e de saúde mental no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: foram convidados os 127 trabalhadores de seis CAPS da cidade de Pelotas ­ RS, dos quais 82 participaram (taxa de resposta de 67%); os questionários PHQ-9 e GHQ-12 foram aplicados para rastreamento de sintomas depressivos e transtornos mentais comuns, sendo realizada uma análise de clusters. Resultados: os agrupamentos exibiram elevada homogeneidade interna e heterogeneidade externa, permitindo observar associações com as variáveis explicativas e diferenças entre os clusters, que revelam potenciais riscos para depressão e transtornos mentais comuns. Conclusão: os trabalhadores da saúde mental estão expostos a riscos para a saúde mental, sendo necessário compreender o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 nestes trabalhadores e dar subsídios para atender às suas necessidades. (AU).

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify different profiles of workers of Community Mental Health Centres and their socio demographic and mental health characteristics in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 127 workers from six Centres in the city of Pelotas, South Brazil, were invited to a survey and 82 applied (67% response rate); PHQ-9 and GHQ-12 questionnaires were used to the screening of depressive symptoms and common mental health problems and a cluster analysis was performed. Results: clusters showed high internal homogeneity and external heterogeneity, with associations between explanatory variables and differences among clusters, which reveal potential risks for depression and common mental disorders. Conclusion: mental health workers are exposed to risks, and it is necessary to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of these workers to support your needs. (AU).

Objetivo: identificar los diferentes perfiles de trabajadores de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial y sus características sociodemográficas y de salud mental en relación con la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: de los 127 trabajadores invitados de los 6 Centros en de Pelotas, Sur de Brasil, 82 contestaron (tasa de respuesta de 67%); los cuestionarios PHQ-9 e GHQ-12 fueron utilizados para rastreo de síntomas depresivos y trastornos mentales comunes y se hizo una análisis de conglomerados. Resultados: los conglomerados exhibieron alta homogeneidad interna y heterogeneidad externa, permitiendo observar asociaciones con variables explicativas y diferencias entre conglomerados, que revelan riesgos de depresión y trastornos mentales comunes. Conclusión: los trabajadores de la salud mental tienen riesgos para la salud mental siendo necesario comprender el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en estos trabajadores y proporcionar subsidios para el apoyo a sus necesidades. (AU).

Clustering the engagement of Brazilian nurses in political advocacy / Agrupando el compromiso de los enfermeros brasileños en la incidencia política / Cluster do engajamento dos enfermeiros brasileiros na advocacia política

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the level of nurses' engagement in political advocacy by performing cluster analysis. Methods: observational study, with a quantitative approach. A total of 184 nurses working in primary, secondary, and tertiary care in a city in the south of Brazil completed the Policy Advocacy Engagement Scale. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, and chi2. The Institutional Review Board approved the study. Results: four differentiated clusters were found according to professional experience, level of healthcare complexity, and unit. The cluster analysis revealed that patient advocacy for community-based obtained the highest mean, indicating that political advocacy is effective in organizational environments and that professional qualification favors greater engagement in political advocacy. Conclusions: the results reveal that nurses play an active role in political advocacy, seeking to promote positive changes in health, especially those working in tertiary care, the nurse group that obtained the highest means.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el nivel de compromiso de los enfermeros en la incidencia política a través del análisis de conglomerados. Métodos: estudio observacional con enfoque cuantitativo. Un total de 184 enfermeras que trabajan en atención primaria, secundaria y terciaria en una ciudad en el sur de Brasil completaron la Escala de Compromiso de Incidencia Política. El análisis de datos consistió en estadística descriptiva, análisis de conglomerados, análisis de varianza y chi2. El Comité de Ética en Investigación aprobó el estudio. Resultados: se encontraron cuatro conglomerados diferenciados según experiencia profesional, nivel de complejidad asistencial y unidad. El análisis de conglomerados reveló que la defensa de los pacientes por la comunidad tuvo el promedio más alto, lo que indica que la defensa política es efectiva en entornos organizacionales y que la calificación profesional favorece una mayor participación en la defensa política. Conclusiones: los resultados revelan que los enfermeros tienen un papel activo en la incidencia política, buscando promover cambios positivos en la salud, especialmente aquellos que actúan en el tercer nivel de atención, grupo de enfermeros que obtuvo los promedios más altos.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o nível de engajamento dos enfermeiros na advocacia política por meio da análise de cluster. Métodos: estudo observacional, com abordagem quantitativa. Um total de 184 enfermeiros que atuam na atenção primária, secundária e terciária em uma cidade do sul do Brasil preencheram a Policy Advocacy Engagement Scale. A análise dos dados consistiu em estatística descritiva, análise de cluster, análise de variância e chi2. O Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa aprovou o estudo. Resultados: foram encontrados quatro clusters diferenciados de acordo com a experiência profissional, nível de complexidade assistencial e unidade. A análise de agrupamento revelou que a advocacia do paciente para a comunidade obteve a maior média, indicando que a advocacia política é efetiva em ambientes organizacionais e que a qualificação profissional favorece maior engajamento na advocacia política. Conclusões: os resultados revelam que os enfermeiros exercem um papel ativo na advocacia política, buscando promover mudanças positivas na saúde, principalmente os que atuam na atenção terciária, grupo de enfermeiros que obteve as maiores médias.

Perfil de trabalhadores da enfermagem de hospitais universitários e as cargas de trabalho: análise por cluster / Perfil de trabajadores de enfermería de hospitales universitarios y las cargas de trabajo: análisis por cluster / The profile of nursing workers at university hospitals and workloads: a cluster analysis

Resumo Objetivo analisar o perfil sociodemográfico, laboral e a intensidade das cargas de trabalho de trabalhadores da enfermagem de hospitais universitários. Método quantitativo e transversal, com 361 trabalhadores de enfermagem, entre novembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, por meio da Escala de Cargas de Trabalho nas Atividades de Enfermagem. Realizou-se análise de cluster. Resultados formaram-se quatro clusters com trabalhadores do sexo feminino (2, 3 e 4) e sexo masculino (1). A exposição às cargas de trabalho foi identificada como intensa (1, 2 e 3) e pouco intensa (4). As unidades de trabalho evidenciadas com mais frequência nos clusters 1, 2 e 3 foram a Rede de Urgência e Emergência, Pediátrica e Clínica Médica, e no cluster 4, a Maternidade e Clínica Cirúrgica. Os clusters 1 e 3 identificaram com mais frequência o período de trabalho de 1 a 5 anos, no cluster 2, foi de 15 a 20 anos, e no cluster 4, inferior a um ano. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a identificação dos quatro clusters possibilitou a análise do perfil de trabalhadores de enfermagem, permitindo o planejamento de intervenções direcionadas a minimizar as cargas de trabalho de acordo com as particularidades de cada grupo.

Resumen Objetivo analizar el perfil sociodemográfico, laboral y la intensidad de las cargas de trabajo de trabajadores de enfermería de hospitales universitarios. Método cuantitativo y transversal con 361 trabajadores de enfermería, entre noviembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020, por medio de la Escala de Cargas de Trabajo en las Actividades de Enfermería. Se realizó el análisis de cluster. Resultados se formaron cuatro clusters, con trabajadores del sexo femenino (2, 3 y 4) y sexo masculino (1), la exposición a las cargas de trabajo fue identificada como intensa (1, 2 y 3) y poco intensa (4). Las unidades de trabajo evidenciadas con más frecuencia en los clusters 1, 2 y 3 fueron la Unidad de Cuidados de Emergencia y Urgencia, Pediatría y Clínica Médica y en el cluster 4, los Servicios de Maternidad y de Clínica Quirúrgica. Los clusters 1 y 3 identificaron con más frecuencia el período de trabajo de 1 a 5 años, en el cluster 2 fue de 15 a 20 años y en el cluster 4, inferior a un año. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica la identificación de los cuatro clusters posibilitó el análisis del perfil de los trabajadores de enfermería, permitiendo la planificación de intervenciones dirigidas a minimizar las cargas de trabajo de acuerdo con las particularidades de cada grupo.

Abstract Objective to analyze the sociodemographic and occupational profile and intensity of workloads among nursing professionals working in university hospitals. Method This quantitative and cross-sectional study addressed 361 nursing workers from November 2019 to February 2020, using the Escala de Cargas de Trabalho nas Atividades de Enfermagem and cluster analysis. Results Four clusters were identified: with female workers (2, 3, and 4) and male workers (1). Exposure to workload was reported to be intense (1, 2, and 3) and a little intense (4). The work units most frequently identified in clusters 1, 2, and 3 were the Emergency and Urgent Care Unit, Pediatrics, and Medical Clinic, whereas Maternity Services and Surgical Clinics were the units most frequently identified in cluster 4. Most workers in clusters 1 and 3 had from 1 to 5 years of experience, cluster 2 from 15 to 20 years, and the workers in cluster 4 had less than one year of work experience. Conclusion and implications for practice the identification of four clusters enabled analyzing the profile of the nursing workers, which favors the planning of interventions intended to minimize workloads according to the specificities of each group.

Perfil de usuários de um serviço de estomaterapia: análise de cluster / Perfil de usuarios de un servicio de estomaterapia: análisis de cluster / Profile of users of a stomatherapy service: cluster analysis

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o perfil das pessoas com estomias intestinais e/ou urinárias acompanhadas em serviço de estomaterapia, conforme variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 90 usuários do serviço de estomaterapia. A coleta foi realizada de janeiro a fevereiro de 2020, por meio de dois instrumentos: COH-QOL-Ostomy, adaptado e traduzido para o contexto brasileiro; e City of Hope Quality of Life - Ostomy Questionnaire, instrumento original com questionário elaborado pelas próprias pesquisadoras, contemplando os aspectos sociodemográfico e clínico. Esses dados foram transferidos e organizados no Software Statistical Package for the Social Science, versão 22. Resultados Foram identificados quatro grupos distintos. No cluster 1, o grupo possui de duas a três complicações associadas ao estoma e 52,9% possuem colostomia. No cluster 2, 45% não apresentam nenhuma complicação e 70% têm urostomia. Já no cluster 3, a totalidade do grupo apresenta uma complicação e colostomia. E no cluster 4, nenhum participante do grupo apresenta complicação e todos têm colostomia. Conclusão e implicações para a prática O estudo proporcionou a geração de dados que podem auxiliar no planejamento do trabalho desenvolvido pelas equipes de saúde junto aos pacientes estomizados.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar el perfil de las personas con ostomías intestinales y/o urinarias seguidas en un servicio de estomaterapia, según variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Método Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con 90 usuarios del servicio de Estomaterapia. La recolección de datos se realizó de enero a febrero de 2020, utilizando dos instrumentos: COH-QOL-Ostomy, adaptado y traducido al contexto brasileño; y City of Hope Quality of Life - Ostomy Questionnaire, instrumento original con cuestionario elaborado por las propias investigadoras, considerando aspectos sociodemográficos y clínicos. Estos datos se transfirieron y organizaron en Software Statistical Package for the Social Science, versión 22. Resultados Se identificaron cuatro clústeres distintos. En el clúster 1, el grupo tiene de dos a tres complicaciones asociadas con estoma y el 52,9% tiene una colostomía. En el grupo 2, el 45% no presenta complicaciones y el 70% tiene urostomía. En el clúster 3, todo el grupo presenta complicación y colostomía. Y en el clúster 4, ninguno de los participantes del grupo tiene complicaciones y todos tienen una colostomía. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica El estudio generó datos que pueden ayudar a planificar el trabajo que desarrollan los equipos de salud con pacientes ostomizados.

Abstract Objective To analyze the profile of people with intestinal and/or urinary ostomies followed up in a stomatherapy service, according to sociodemographic and clinical variables. Method This is a cross-sectional study, carried out with 90 users of the stomatherapy service. Data collection was carried out from January to February 2020, using two instruments: COH-QOL-Ostomy, adapted and translated to the Brazilian context; and City of Hope Quality of Life - Ostomy Questionnaire, an original instrument with a questionnaire prepared by the researchers themselves, considering the sociodemographic and clinical aspects. These data were transferred and organized in the Statistical Package for Social Science Software, version 22. Results Four distinct clusters were identified. In cluster 1, the group has two to three complications associated with the stoma and 52.9% have a colostomy. In cluster 2, 45% have no complications and 70% have urostomy. In cluster 3, the entire group presents a complication and colostomy. And in cluster 4, none of the participants in the group have complications and all have a colostomy. Conclusion and implications for practice The study provided the generation of data that can help in planning the work developed by the health teams with ostomy patients.

Psicotrópicos: uso por estudantes universitários antes e durante a pandemia de doença por coronavírus 2019 / Psicotrópicos: uso por estudiantes universitarios antes y durante la pandemia de enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 / Psychotropics: use by college students before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

Objetivo: descrever a utilização de psicotrópicos por estudantes universitários antes e durante a pandemia de doença por coronavírus 2019. Métodos: estudo transversal com 464 estudantes que frequentaram uma disciplina ofertada durante a pandemia. Utilizou-se um questionário via Google Forms com questões autoaplicáveis. As informações coletadas foram transferidas para o Microsoft Excel 2007 e analisadas no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25.0. Resultado: 37,3% referiram fazer uso de psicotrópicos antes ou durante a pandemia. Destes, mais de 80,0% relataram fazer uso antes e 17,5% iniciaram após o início da pandemia, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino, solteiras e cursando o primeiro ou o último semestre da graduação. Os antidepressivos foram os mais utilizados pelos participantes (64,0%). Conclusões: a prevalência do uso de psicotrópicos entre estudantes pode ter se acentuado na pandemia. O desenvolvimento de programas e políticas voltadas à promoção e cuidado à saúde mental dos universitários é necessário.(AU)

Objective: to describe the use of psychotropic drugs by university students before and during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic. Method: cross-sectional study with 464 students who attended a course offered during the pandemic. A questionnaire was used via Google Forms with self- administered questions. The collected information was transferred to the Microsoft Excel 2007 and analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25.0 software. Result: 37.3% reported using psychotropic drugs before or during the pandemic. Of these, more than 80.0% reported using it before and 17.5% started after the beginning of the pandemic, the majority being female, single, and attending the first or last semester of graduation. Antidepressants were the most used by participants (64.0%). Conclusions: the prevalence of psychotropic use among students may have increased during the pandemic. The development of programs and policies aimed at promoting and caring for the mental health of university students is necessary.(AU)

Objetivo: describir el uso de psicofármacos por parte de estudiantes universitarios antes y durante la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019. Método: estudio transversal con 464 estudiantes que asistieron un curso ofrecido durante la pandemia. Se utilizó un cuestionario en Google Forms con preguntas autoadministradas. La información recolectada fue transferida al Microsoft Excel 2007 y analizada en el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25.0. Resultado: el 37,3% informó usar psicofármacos antes o durante la pandemia. De estos, más del 80,0% reportaron usarlo antes y el 17,5% iniciaron después, siendo la mayoría mujeres, solteras y cursando el primer o último semestre de graduación. Los antidepresivos fueron los más utilizados por los participantes (64,0%). Conclusiones: la prevalencia del consumo de psicotrópicos entre estudiantes puede haber aumentado durante la pandemia. Es necesario el desarrollo de programas y políticas dirigidas a promover y cuidar la salud mental de estudiantes universitarios.(AU)

Segurança do paciente: compreensão de estudantes de enfermagem, medicina e direito acerca do erro assistencial ao paciente / Patient safety: what nursing, medicine and law students understand about patient care errors / Seguridad del paciente: comprensión de los estudiantes de enfermería, medicina y derecho sobre los errores en la atención al paciente

Objetivo: analisar o nível de compreensão dos estudantes de graduação em enfermagem, medicina e direito sobre o erro assistencial e a sua relação com a segurança do paciente. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo com delineamento transversal, realizado com 117 estudantes de uma universidade federal do sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da aplicação da Escala do Erro Assistencial, elaborada e validada pelos autores do estudo. A análise dos dados foi realizada com auxílio de software estatístico, por meio da estatística descritiva e teste Kruskal-Wallis, com realização do post hoc, para verificar diferenciação de respostas dos três grupos de estudantes pesquisados. Resultados: em comparação com os demais cursos do estudo, os estudantes de enfermagem mostraram maior desenvolvimento sobre os pilares que favorecem a cultura de segurança do paciente. Conclusão: faz-se necessário a abordagem das questões referentes ao erro assistencial nos cursos pesquisados visando aprimorar a assistência e realizando um cuidado de qualidade.

Objective: to analyze the level of understanding of undergraduate students in nursing, medicine and law about care errors and their relationship with patient safety. Methods: Quantitative study with a cross-sectional design, conductedwith 117 students from a Federal University of Southern Brazil. Data collection was performed through the application of the Assistance Error Scale, elaborated,and validated by the study authors. Data analysis was performed with the aid of statistical software, using descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis test, with post hoc performance, to verify differentiation of responses of the three groups of students surveyed. Results: In comparison with the other courses in the study, nursing students showed greater development on the pillars that favor the patient safety culture. Conclusion: As a result, it is necessary to address issues related to care errors in the courses surveyed toimprove care and provide quality care.

Objetivo: analizar el nivel de comprensión de los estudiantes de pregrado en enfermería, medicina y derecho sobre los errores asistenciales y su relación con la seguridad del paciente. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo con un diseño transversal, realizado con 117 estudiantes de una Universidad Federal del Sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de la Escala de Error de Asistencia, elaborada y validada por los autores del estudio. El análisis de los datos se realizó con ayuda de software estadístico, utilizando estadística descriptiva y la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, con pruebas post hoc, para verificar la diferenciación en las respuestas de los tres grupos de estudiantes encuestados. Resultados: En comparación con los demás cursos del estudio, los estudiantes de enfermería mostraron un mayor desarrollo en los pilares que favorecen la cultura de seguridad del paciente. Conclusión: Como resultado, es necesario abordar las cuestiones relacionadas con los errores de atención en los cursos encuestados para mejorar la atención y brindar una atención de calidad.

Relationship between workloads and presenteeism among nursing workers / Relación entre cargas de trabajo y presentismo entre trabajadores de enfermería / Relação entre cargas de trabalho e o presenteísmo entre trabalhadores de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the relationship between exposure to workloads and presenteeism among nursing workers in the socio-environmental context of university hospitals. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical study with 355 nursing workers from two university hospitals in southern Brazil. Data were collected from November 2019 to February 2020. The Workload Scale in Nursing Activities and the Work Limitations Questionnaire were used. Descriptive statistics, variance analysis and Pearson's correlation test were used. Results: there was a significant correlation between chemical loads and time management; biological loads and time management, physical demand and productivity loss; physiological loads and mental and interpersonal demand, production demand and loss of productivity; psychological loads and production demand. Conclusions: there is a relationship between workloads and nursing presenteeism, verified by limitations and loss of productivity.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la exposición a la carga de trabajo y el presentismo entre los trabajadores de enfermería en el contexto socioambiental de los hospitales universitarios. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, transversal y analítico con 355 trabajadores de enfermería de dos hospitales universitarios del sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó de noviembre de 2019 a febrero de 2020. Se utilizó la Escala de Carga de Trabajo para Actividades de Enfermería y el Work Limitations Questionnaire. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, análisis de varianza y prueba de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: hubo una correlación significativa entre las cargas químicas y la gestión del tiempo; cargas biológicas y gestión del tiempo, demanda física y pérdida de productividad; cargas fisiológicas y demanda mental e interpersonal, demanda de producción y pérdida de productividad; cargas psíquicas y demanda de producción. Conclusiones: Existe una relación entre cargas de trabajo y presentismo en enfermería, verificada por limitaciones y pérdida de productividad.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a relação entre a exposição às cargas de trabalho e o presenteísmo entre trabalhadores de enfermagem no contexto socioambiental de hospitais universitários. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e analítico, com 355 trabalhadores de enfermagem de dois hospitais universitários no sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de novembro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Utilizou-se a Escala de Cargas de Trabalho nas Atividades de Enfermagem e o Work Limitations Questionnaire. Empregou-se estatística descritiva, análise de variância e teste de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: verificou-se correlação significativa entre as cargas químicas e a gerência de tempo; cargas biológicas e gerência de tempo, demanda física e perda de produtividade; cargas fisiológicas e demanda mental e interpessoal, demanda de produção e perda de produtividade; cargas psíquicas e demanda de produção. Conclusão: existe relação entre as cargas de trabalho e o presenteísmo na enfermagem, verificado por limitações e perda de produtividade.