[Analysis of clinical features and etiological diagnostic indices of reproductive age women with hyperandrogenism].

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and the value of different diagnostic indices for etiology in reproductive age women with hyperandrogenism. Methods: The medical records of 96 reproductive age women with hyperandrogenism in the multi-disciplinary team of Peking University First Hospital from January 2020 to April 2021 were collected. The patients were divided into four groups based on final diagnosis: congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (n=8), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (n=67), idiopathic hyperandrogenism (n=13) and other specific diseases (n=8), respectively. The indices related to androgens in different groups were compared, and then their efficiency for diagnosis of CAH and PCOS were analyzed with receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve). Results: A total of 96 patients with hyperandrogenism were recruited, with the age of 19-45 (29±6) years old. Overall, 4.2% (4/96) of the patients were with single clinical hyperandrogenism, 56.3% (54/96) were with single laboratory hyperandrogenaemia and 39.6% (38/96) were with both. The breakdown into laboratory hyperandrogenaemia subtypes was as follows: only T elevation 22.8% (21/92), only A2 elevation 7.6% (7/92), none DHEAS elevation, only FAI elevation 5.4% (5/92) and elevation of more than one of the androgen indices mentioned above accounted for 64.1% (59/92). In the reasons of consultation, simple irregular menstruation (36.0%, 32/89) or accompanied by clinical hyperandrogenism with or without infertility (36.0%, 32/89) were the most common. As for primary visiting departments, Obstetrics and Gynecology accounted for 53.2% (51/96), and then Endocrinology as 39.5% (38/96). The 17-OHP level of CAH, PCOS and idiopathic hyperandrogenism group was 20.0 (8.2, 33.1), 1.1 (0.8, 1.4), 0.9 (0.8, 1.3) ng/ml, respectively. The androstenedione level in these groups was 6.3 (4.6, 8.7), 3.8 (2.9, 4.8) and 3.2 (2.7, 3.7) ng/ml, respectively. The 17-OHP and androstenedione levels of CAH group were significantly higher than that in PCOS or idiopathic hyperandrogenism group (all P<0.05). The ratio of LH and FSH in these three groups was 0.8(0.5, 1.0), 1.3(0.6, 1.9) and 0.6(0.3, 0.7), respectively. The ratio of LH and FSH was significantly higher in PCOS than that in idiopathic hyperandrogenism group (P=0.024), but yet there was no significant difference compared with CAH group (P>0.05). The AUC of ROC curve of 17-OHP for CAH diagnosis was 0.94, followed by androstenedione 0.83, whereas LH/FSH for PCOS diagnosis was only 0.63. Conclusions: Among the reasons of consultation in reproductive age women who visited our multi-disciplinary team for female hyperandrogenism, simple irregular menstruation or accompanied by clinical hyperandrogenism with or without infertility are the most common. PCOS accounts for the majority of different androgen excess disorders. 17-OHP is the most valuable parameter for the diagnosis of CAH and secondly androstenedione.

Experimental Evidence of Kinetic Effects in Indirect-Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion Hohlraums.

We present the first experimental evidence supported by simulations of kinetic effects launched in the interpenetration layer between the laser-driven hohlraum plasma bubbles and the corona plasma of the compressed pellet at the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility. Solid plastic capsules were coated with carbon-deuterium layers; as the implosion neutron yield is quenched, DD fusion yield from the corona plasma provides a direct measure of the kinetic effects inside the hohlraum. An anomalous large energy spread of the DD neutron signal (∼282 keV) and anomalous scaling of the neutron yield with the thickness of the carbon-deuterium layers cannot be explained by the hydrodynamic mechanisms. Instead, these results can be attributed to kinetic shocks that arise in the hohlraum-wall-ablator interpenetration region, which result in efficient acceleration of the deuterons (∼28.8 J, 0.45% of the total input laser energy). These studies provide novel insight into the interactions and dynamics of a vacuum hohlraum and near-vacuum hohlraum.

Role of ADH2 and ALDH2 gene polymorphisms in the development of Parkinson's disease in a Chinese population.

In this study, we investigated the role of ADH2 Arg47His and ALDH2 Glu487Lys genetic polymorphisms in the development of Parkinson's disease in a Chinese population. Between January 2013 and May 2014, 115 patients with Parkinson's disease and 214 healthy controls were recruited in our study. Genotyping of ADH2 Arg47His and ALDH2 Glu487Lys polymorphisms was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. In the dominant model, the GA + AA genotype of ALDH2 Glu487Lys was found to be significantly associated with elevated risk of Parkinson's disease when compared with the GG genotype [odds ratio = 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-2.84]. In the recessive model, the AA genotype of ALDH2 Glu487Lys showed a 4.87-fold increase (95%CI = 1.54-18.03) in the risk of Parkinson's disease when compared to the GG and GA genotypes. However, no significant association was found between the ADH2 Arg47His polymorphism and risk of Parkinson's disease in the co-dominant, dominant, or recessive models. In conclusion, our study suggests that the ALDH2 polymorphism could influence the development of Parkinson's disease in the Chinese population studied here.

Risk factors for cervical cancer in China: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus types and investigate the risk factors for cervical cancer in Hubei, China. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study to investigate risk factors. RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 94.55% of patients with cervical carcinoma, and 23.64% of control subjects. The most common HPV type in cervical cancer was HPV type 16 (81.82%), followed by HPV 58 (6.36%). HPV infected patients have a higher risk of developing cervical carcinoma, which is 75.79 times more than non-infected people. The other risks were age at first intercourse (p = 0.017) and number of live births (p = 0.032). A history of previous cytologic screening was associated with a substantial reduction in risk (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The three principal reasons that Hubei has a high rate of women developing cervical carcinoma are HPV infection, age at first sexual intercourse and number of live births. Cervical cytology screening provides efficacious protection.

The role of bowel surgery with cytoreduction for epithelial ovarian cancer.

AIMS: To assess the efficiency and morbidity associated with bowel resection with the initial cytoreduction procedure for advanced ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review was carried of 95 patients with ovarian cancer who underwent cytoreductive surgery between 2000 and 2003. The relationship between dichotomised preoperative, intra-operative and postoperative outcome variables were tested using SPSS software. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to compare survival. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the independent significance of factors after cytoreductive surgery. RESULTS: In patients in whom bowel resection was carried out, the largest residual tumour mass was <1cm in 66.67% of patients, compared with 45.28% of patients undergoing surgery without bowel resection (P=0.038). The median survival in the optimally debulked patients was 50.38 months compared with 37.15 months in the patients who had suboptimal cytoreduction (P=0.0021). The median survival in patients undergoing bowel resection was 50.70 months compared with 44.62 months in the patients who had cytoreduction without bowel resection (P=0.2176). Multivariate analysis showed that optimal cytoreduction (P=0.005) was found to be independently prognostic for overall survival. Major adverse events, such as ileus, intestinal fistulae, urinary tract fistulae, were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION: Bowel resection is a worthwhile endeavour in selected patients with advanced ovarian cancer to increase therapeutic efficiency. The surgical morbidity rate from these procedures is not serious and seems acceptable.

Short term curative effect of video assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility, safety and short term efficacy of video assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy for patients with early-stage lung cancer. METHODS: We reviewed clinical data of 138 consecutive patients with early stage lung cancer who underwent lobectomy in the First People's Hospital of Jining during the January 2010 to May 2012. Of them, 71 cases were performed complete VATS, male 39 cases, female 32 cases, age (57.9 ± 10.6) years old; 67 cases were performed thoracotomy, male 36 cases, female 31 cases, age (60.3 ± 8.2) years old. Clinical features were collected and compared. RESULTS: Operations of two groups were successfully finished. Compared with thoracotomy group, the differences in intraoperative blood loss (147 ± 113 ml vs. 146 ± 91 ml), number of lymph node dissection group (3.1 ± 1.3 vs. 3.4 ± 1.3), the number of lymph node dissection (9.9 ± 3.6 vs. 10.0 ± 3.6), and vision analog score (VAS) of postoperative 1st and 3rd day in VATS group were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Statistical differences were observed in operation time (119 ± 27 min vs. 135 ± 29 min), the thoracic drainage tube time (3.0 ± 0.9 d vs. 3.8 ± 1.2 d), postoperative hospital stay (8.0 ± 2.1 d vs. 10.2 ± 5.4 d), postoperative VAS of 30th day (2.6 ± 0.7 vs. 3.2 ± 1.1), and postoperative complications (8.5% vs. 19.4%) between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Video assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for early lung cancer is safe and effective, with fewer traumas, fewer complications, faster postoperative recovery, milder chronic chest pain, and other advantages. At the same time, the lymph node dissection of VATS lobectomy is similar to that of thoracotomy.

EBV-miR-BART7-3p promotes the EMT and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by suppressing the tumor suppressor PTEN.

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial to cancer progression and metastasis. Although multiple cellular miRNAs have been identified to regulate the EMT and metastasis in cancers, the role of viral miRNAs in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancy typically characterized by its early metastasis. In the present study, we have discovered the involvement of a viral miRNA, EBV-miR-BART7-3p, in the EMT and metastasis of NPC cells. Initially, we observed that EBV-miR-BART7-3p was highly expressed in NPC and positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage of NPC. Subsequently, we demonstrated that EBV-miR-BART7-3p enhanced cell migration/invasion in vitro, cancer metastasis in vivo, and particularly the EMT characterized by loss of epithelial markers and gain of mesenchymal features in NPC cells. Furthermore, mechanistic studies disclosed that EBV-miR-BART7-3p targeted a major human tumor suppressor PTEN, modulating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3ß signaling and eventually leading to the high expression and nuclear accumulation of Snail and ß-catenin, which favor EMT. Knockdown of PTEN could phenocopy the effect of EBV-miR-BART7-3p, whereas re-expression of PTEN resulted in a phenotypic reversion. Moreover, these findings were supported by an observation of an EBV-positive cell model in which silencing of endogenous EBV-miR-BART7-3p partially attenuated cell migration/invasion and altered EMT protein expression pattern via reverting PI3K/Akt, Snail and ß-catenin expression. Thus, this study suggests a novel mechanism by which EBV-miR-BART7-3p modulates the EMT and metastasis of NPC cells, and a clinical implication of EBV-miR-BART7-3p as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target.

[Passive cable properties of relay cells in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rabbit].

We measured the passive membrane properties of 24 relay cells in slice preparation of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rabbit. The resting membrane potential was -62.7 +/- 4.1 mV (mean +/- SD) with an input resistance of 30.4 +/- 11.2 M omega. According to Rall's linear cable model, the electrotonic length (L) of the dendrite was 0.79 +/- 0.13. The voltage attenuation factor (H) was 1.33 +/- 0.11. All these indicated that the relay cells were electrically compact. DC voltage on the distal dendrite could spread to the soma attenuated only by 25%.

[Function of substance-P projection from superior colliculus to lateral geniculate nucleus of rats].

Substance P immunoreactive terminals arising from the superior colliculus have been observed in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat. However, the functional role of this tachykininergic projection is still unknown. We studied the effects of substance P on voltage-dependent ion channels of lateral geniculate neurons in rat's in vitro brain slice with a single-electrode-voltage-clamp technique. It was found that substance P caused a depolarizing shift of membrane potential with a decrease of membrane conductance, suggesting that substance P depressed the linear potassium leak current. In addition, substance P inhibited the slowly inactivated potassium current, low threshold (T-) calcium current and inward rectifier (H- or Q-) current. Probably, the transient potassium (A-) current was also depressed by substance P. Therefore, the effects of substance P were considered to transfer activities of lateral geniculate neurons from burst response mode or oscillatory state to relay response mode, and to facilitate synaptic transmission, so that retinal visual signals could be relayed to the visual cortex with less distortion faithfully.

[Human papillomavirus type 16 and human cytomegalovirus in cervical carcinoma].

Using techniques of DNA-DNA dot blot hybridization, we examined 98 cervical specimens for the presence of human papillomavirus type 16 HPV-16 and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) sequence and analysed the relationship between virus infection and various cervical diseases, age of patients, age at first coitus, age of first child birth, the number of pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives. The results showed that the rate of HPV DNA and HCMV DNA positivity in cervical carcinoma is significantly higher than that of non-carcinomatous tissue. In addition, the positivity correlates with age, at first intercourse, but not with age of first child birth, the number of pregnancy and use of oral contraceptives. These data suggested that HPV-16 and HCMV infection is associated with cervical carcinoma. Some cases of cervical erosion with HPV infection may lead to cervical. The high incidence of cervical carcinoma in women married early in life may be related to virus infection in adolescence. HPV acting with other synergistic factors, such as HCMV is considered to lead to the occurrence of cervical carcinoma.

[Effects of guifu dihuang pills extract on rabbit IgG accelerated mouse nephritis induced by nephrotoxic serum].

The effects of Guifu Dihuang Pills extract were observed in rabbit IgG accelerated mouse nephritis model induced by nephrotoxic serum. The results showed that this preparation could increase serum albumin, reduce urine protein, serum urea nitrogen and total cholesterol in serum, and improve the histological lesions in kidneys. The effects of Guifu Dihuang Pills extract in dosages of 0.3g/kg and 1.2g/kg were similar to those of cyclophosphamide 0.015g/kg.

Efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with FIGO stage IB1 to IIA cervical cancer: an international collaborative meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery (NCS) has not been well-established in FIGO stage IB1 to IIA cervical cancer when compared with primary surgical treatment (PST). Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of NCS in patients with FIGO stage IB1 to IIA cervical cancer when compared with PST. METHODS: We searched Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library between January 1987 and September 2010. Since there was a relative lack of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we included 5 RCTs and 4 observational studies involving 1784 patients among 523 potentially relevant studies. RESULTS: NCS was related with lower rates of large tumor size (≥4 cm) (ORs, 0.22 and 0.10; 95% CI, 0.13-0.39 and 0.02-0.37) and lymph node metastasis (ORs, 0.61 and 0.38; 95% CI, 0.37-0.99 and 0.20-0.73) than PST in all studies and RCTs. Furthermore, NCS reduced the need of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in all studies (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33-0.98), and distant metastasis in all studies and RCTs (ORs, 0.61 and 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42-0.89 and 0.38-0.97). However, overall and loco-regional recurrences and progression-free survival were not different between the 2 treatments. On the other hand, NCS was associated with poorer overall survival in observational studies when compared with PST (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.12-2.53). CONCLUSIONS: Although NCS reduced the need of adjuvant RT by decreasing tumor size and lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis, it failed to improve survival when compared with PST in patients with FIGO stage IB1 to IIA cervical cancer.

Detection of water toxicity using cytochrome P450 transgenic zebrafish as live biosensor: for polychlorinated biphenyls toxicity.

Cytochrome P450 (CYPs) is significant in degradation of endogenous substrates and detoxification of carcinogens, therefore it is a biomarker for assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) level in aquatic environment. In the present study, a transgenic line of zebrafish had been generated using a CYP-green fluorescence protein (CYP-GFP) construct, driven by CYP1A1 promoter. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used as toxicant, in concentrations of 0.02 µg/ml, 0.04 µg/ml, 0.08 µg/ml, 0.4 µg/ml, and 0.8 µg/ml. The transgenic control fish showed low intensity of fluorescence in the liver. After exposed to PCBs, zebrafish had morphological changes such as expansion of yolk, contortion of tails and inflation of pericardial area. Green fluorescence signals were found to express according to concentrations and time. The green fluorescence signal was most intense after treatment with 0.08 µg/ml PCBs. However, the maximum area of green fluorescent signal was found at 0.04 µg/ml PCBs. GFP started to express at 3h exposure to PCBs, increasing its intensity until 6 h exposure, and then level off. Since the GFP expression is fast responding and is sensitive to low PAHs concentrations, transgenic fish is a good tool for live imaging and monitoring of aquatic contamination.

Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 gene variations in Chinese population.

OBJECTIVE: To identify genetic variants in the E6 gene of HPV 16 and to examine the association between these variants and cervical cancer development. METHODS: Cervical samples were collected from 72 patients with cervical cancer and 72 age-matched control subjects, all from Hubei Province, China. HPV 16 sequence was detected with E6 gene-specific polymerase chain reaction, and variants were identified by DNA sequencing. RESULTS: HPV 16 was detected in 81% of the patients and 43% of control subjects, respectively. The rank orders of incidence of HPV 16 prototype and E6 variants were as follows: D25E (62%), the prototype (17%), E113D (9%), L83V (6%) in case subjects; the prototype (71%), D25E (23%), L83V/E113D (7%) in control subjects. The odds ratio of HPV 16 E6 variant was higher than that of prototype (RR=11.73, 95% CI=4.18-32.94, P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: The D25 E variant is the most prevalent E6 genomic variant in Hubei, China. The presence of HPV 16 E6 variant in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions may serve as a useful predictor of clinical outcome of the disease.