Bone substitutes in orthopaedic surgery: from basic science to clinical practice.

Bone substitutes are being increasingly used in surgery as over two millions bone grafting procedures are performed worldwide per year. Autografts still represent the gold standard for bone substitution, though the morbidity and the inherent limited availability are the main limitations. Allografts, i.e. banked bone, are osteoconductive and weakly osteoinductive, though there are still concerns about the residual infective risks, costs and donor availability issues. As an alternative, xenograft substitutes are cheap, but their use provided contrasting results, so far. Ceramic-based synthetic bone substitutes are alternatively based on hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphates, and are widely used in the clinical practice. Indeed, despite being completely resorbable and weaker than cortical bone, they have exhaustively proved to be effective. Biomimetic HAs are the evolution of traditional HA and contains ions (carbonates, Si, Sr, Fl, Mg) that mimic natural HA (biomimetic HA). Injectable cements represent another evolution, enabling mininvasive techniques. Bone morphogenetic proteins (namely BMP2 and 7) are the only bone inducing growth factors approved for human use in spine surgery and for the treatment of tibial nonunion. Demineralized bone matrix and platelet rich plasma did not prove to be effective and their use as bone substitutes remains controversial. Experimental cell-based approaches are considered the best suitable emerging strategies in several regenerative medicine application, including bone regeneration. In some cases, cells have been used as bioactive vehicles delivering osteoinductive genes locally to achieve bone regeneration. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells have been widely exploited for this purpose, being multipotent cells capable of efficient osteogenic potential. Here we intend to review and update the alternative available techniques used for bone fusion, along with some hints on the advancements achieved through the experimental research in this field.

Treatment of distal femur fractures with VA-LCP condylar plate: A single trauma centre experience.

INTRODUCTION: Given the recent criticisms in the literature regarding Synthes Variable Angle Locking Compression Condylar Plate (VA-LCP), the purpose of this study was to evaluate functional outcome, fracture healing, and complications of distal femoral intra-articular fractures using this device. METHODS: Patients with distal femoral fractures treated with 4.5 mm VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plate were included in this retrospective study. Follow-ups were at 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. For the clinical and functional assessment of the knee, WOMAC, Koos Knee Survey, the Knee Score Society and the SF-12 questionnaire were used. Radiographically we assessed the fracture healing and the angles of the operated limb compared to the healthy contralateral limb. Complications have also been described. RESULTS: Forty-two patients with distal femoral fractures were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 8 months. Most cases (57%) reported a type 33-A fracture. Radiological healing was achieved in 33 cases; the mean time required to heal was 13 weeks. Three patients had an early postoperative complication and four cases had a late complication. Five cases required additional surgical procedures. Most patients (47.2%) achieved a complete flexion of 130° or more. WOMAC mean value 27.4%, KSS mean value 77.6 for the clinical part and 60 for the functional part, KOOS mean score 60.1, SF-12 mean score 46.1 for MCS and 35.5 for PCS. DISCUSSION: The results of this retrospective study suggest that VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plates have a good functional outcome and fracture healing similar to other standard distal femoral locking plates. VA technology allows greater versatility in fractures internal fixation regardless of the plate design. Fixation devices or Prosthesis implants previously placed may be avoided, as in periprosthetic fractures. Moreover, we have not recorded any early mechanical damage. CONCLUSIONS: Osteosynthesis with Synthes 4.5 mm VA-LCP Curved Condylar Plate demonstrated to have no early mechanical failure rate with good clinical and radiological results.

Risk factors for failure of two-stage revision arthroplasty for infected hip prosthesis: review of the literature and single centre cohort analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are one of the most dangerous complications in hip surgery. "Two-stage" revision surgery is the treatment of choice. Nevertheless, 5-10% of failures are reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate which factors determine the failure of the two-stage revision in patients affected by hip PJI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 21 patients treated for hip PJI who had undergone two-stage revision surgery. The diagnosis had been made using criteria established by the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) and readapted by the Philadelphia Consensus Conference group. The patients underwent periodic clinical and laboratory controls after the surgical procedure. The two-stage revision treatment was considered unsuccessful in the event of re-infection or in case of severe complications occurring within one year from the treatment. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 23.8 months 57% healed with no complications. The reinfection rate was 19% and, after the 3rd stage, the final failure rate was 9.5%. The study has shown, with statistical significance, that a greater number of previous surgical procedures (p<0.05, OR=22) and BMI>25 (p<0.05, OR=4) represent increased risk factors in predicting the failure of two-stage revision surgery. Age, CRP, ESR and a shorter lapse (<60 days) between 1st and 2nd stage were recorded in the failure cases, and have to be considered, even if not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Knowing the factors responsible for the increased failure of two-stage revision could lead to closer monitoring and more aggressive management in those patients expected to be at greater risk of reinfection. Obesity and multiple surgeries are risk factors for failure.

Resultados de cirugía resectiva colorrectal por Endometriosis Infiltrante Profunda: 6 años de experiencia

Objetivo: Describir los resultados tempranos de la cirugía resectiva colorrectal por Endometriosis Infiltrante Profunda (EIP) en mujeres intervenidas en centro clínico privado, durante los últimos 6 años. Material y Método Estudio transversal que muestra la evolución clínica de pacientes intervenidas quirúrgicamente con resecciones colorrectales por diagnóstico de (EIP), entre los años 2016-2022 en Clínica Indisa. Se agruparon en resecciones discoidales (Grupo I) y segmentarias (Grupo II) Resultados: De los pacientes operados por (EIP) entre los años 2016 al 2022, 160 pacientes fueron sometidas a resecciones colorrectales, 56 en el Grupo I y 104 en el grupo II. Las características demográficas de ambos grupos fueron similares, con excepción del hábito tabáquico que mostró un predominio en el Grupo II. El análisis de las variables quirúrgicas (tipo de abordaje, tasa de conversión, altura de la anastomosis y ostomía de protección) mostró una distribución similar en ambos grupos. En relación a la evolución postoperatoria, el Grupo I presentó una disminución significativa en el tiempo de realimentación con sólidos de 2 vs 3 días (p = 0,001). El inicio del tránsito intestinal, días de hospitalización y presencia de complicaciones Clavien-Dindo > = 3, no presentó diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Discusión: La endometriosis afecta, significativamente, a mujeres en todo el mundo, existiendo escasa evidencia que reporte los resultados de las cirugías colorrectales que comparen ambas técnicas, demostrando que el manejo en centros especializados tiene mejores resultados. Conclusión: Al comparar estas dos técnicas de resección colorrectal en DIE, concluimos que los pacientes operados por resección discoidal tienen una realimentación más temprana sin diferencias significativas en el resto de las variables estudiadas.

Objective: To describe the early outcomes of resective colorectal surgery for Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis (DIE) in women treated at private center over the past 6 years. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study presents the clinical evolution of surgically treated patients with colorectal resections for DIE diagnosis between 2016 and 2022 at Clínica INDISA. They were grouped into discoid resections (Group I) and segmental resections (Group II). Results: Of patients operated for DIE between 2016 and 2022, 160 underwent colorectal resections, with 56 in Group I and 104 in Group II. The demographic characteristics of both groups were similar, except for smoking habits, which showed a predominance in Group II. The analysis of surgical variables (approach type, conversion rate, anastomotic height, and protective ostomy) showed a similar distribution in both groups. Regarding postoperative outcomes, Group I showed a significant decrease in solid food resumption time, 2 vs 3 days (p = 0.001). The initiation of intestinal transit, hospitalization days, and presence of Clavien-Dindo complications >= 3 did not present significant differences between both groups. Discussion: Endometriosis significantly affects women worldwide, with limited evidence reporting colorectal surgery outcomes comparing both techniques, demonstrating that management in specialized centers yields better results. Conclusion: When comparing these two techniques of colorectal resection in DIE, we conclude that patients undergoing discoid resection have an earlier resumption of solid food intake without significant differences in the remaining studied variables.

Evaluación angiográfica de la distribución anatómica de la irrigación sanguínea del ángulo esplénico del colon en población chilena

Objetivo: Identificar los patrones de distribución vascular del ángulo esplénico del colon (AEC) en la población chilena para su comparación con la literatura oriental (Fukuoka). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se caracterizó la irrigación del AEC de imágenes con protocolo Urotac realizadas en Clínica INDISA entre el año 2020 y 2021 (n = 127), clasificándolas dentro de 6 tipos descritos por Fukuoka. Se evaluaron características demográficas y comorbilidades. Las variables fueron analizadas utilizando estadística descriptiva y la significancia mediante la prueba Chi2. Resultados: Existen diferencias en los tipos irrigación del AEC entre la serie local y Fukuoka, la irrigación tipo 3 fue la que presentó mayor variación (p < 0,05). El tipo 1 es la más frecuente (34,7%), sin casos del Tipo 4. No se identificó diferencia entre los distintos tipos de irrigación con relación a las variables demográficas y comorbilidades. Discusión: Al comparar nuestra serie con la oriental se evidenció similar frecuencia en tipos 1 y 6, mayor en tipos 3 y 5, y tipos 2 y 4 con menor representación. Se identificó un mayor aporte en la irrigación del AEC por la arteria cólica izquierda (ACI) en la población estudiada (64,6%). Conclusión: Nuestra población tiene mayor participación de ACI en irrigación del AEC que orientales (64,6% vs 49,6%), los tipos más frecuentes son 1, 3 y 6, el Tipo 1 es la forma más frecuente de irrigación, similar a Fukuoka (34,7% vs 39,7%), Tipo 3 tiene mayor representación en nuestra población que en la oriental (29,9% vs 9,9%).

Objective: To identify the vascular distribution patterns of the splenic flexure of the colon (AEC) in the Chilean population for comparison with the oriental literature (Fukuoka). Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. The irrigation of the AEC of images with the Urotac protocol performed at the INDISA Clinic between 2020 and 2021 (n = 127) was characterized, classifying them into 6 types described by Fukuoka. Demographic characteristics and comorbidities were evaluated. Variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and significance using the Chi2 test. Results: There are differences in the types of irrigation of the AEC between the local series and Fukuoka, irrigation type 3 was the one that presented the greatest variation (p < 0.05). Type 1 is the most frequent (34.7%), with no cases of Type 4. No difference was identified between the different types of irrigation in relation to demographic variables and comorbidities. Discussion: When comparing our series with the eastern one, a similar frequency was found in types 1 and 6, higher in types 3 and 5, and types 2 and 4 with less representation. A greater contribution was identified in the irrigation of the AEC by the left colic artery (ICA) in the population studied (64.6%). Conclusion: Our population has a greater participation of ICA in AEC irrigation than Orientals (64.6% vs 49.6%), the most frequent types are 1, 3 and 6, Type 1 is the most frequent form of irrigation, similar to Fukuoka (34.7% vs 39.7%), Type 3 is more represented in our population than in the eastern one (29.9% vs 9.9%).

Tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad pilonidal sacrocoxígea. Experiencia de un centro en los últimos 4 años

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados a largo plazo en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad pilonidal sacrocoxígea (EPS), comparando las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas utilizadas, complicaciones, tiempo de cicatrización y recidiva. Material y Método: Estudio trasversal retrospectivo. Se revisaron las fichas de los pacientes intervenidos por EPS entre enero 2017 hasta agosto 2021. Para el seguimiento se obtuvo la información desde los registros de los controles periódicos en nuestro centro y aquellos que no continuaron con estos controles se contactaron telefónicamente. Resultados: Se recopilaron 309 casos, con una media de seguimiento de 15,6 meses. Las técnicas más utilizadas para la fase crónica de EPS fueron marsupialización y Karydakis, con tiempo de cicatrización completa de 54,5 y 18,2 días, respectivamente. La presencia de complicaciones prolongó el tiempo de cicatrización en 46,5 días en Karydakis, con mínimo impacto en marsupialización. La tasa de recidiva fue menor en Karydakis y en etapa aguda cuando se realiza destechamiento y legrado. La profilaxis antibiótica no afectó el riesgo de complicaciones postoperatorias. Discusión: El desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias tiene mayor impacto en la cicatrización de la técnica cerrada que en la abierta, siendo esta última más tolerante en cuanto a la cicatrización frente a complicaciones. Conclusión: La intervención con técnica de Karydakis logra la cicatrización de la herida operatorio en menor tiempo que la marsupialización, sin embargo, al desarrollar complicaciones, este tiempo aumenta 3,5 veces más. La recurrencia fue menor en Karydakis. En absceso se recomienda el desteche y legrado por sobre el drenaje exclusivo

Aim: To evaluate long-term results in the surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) comparing the different surgical techniques used, complications, healing time and recurrence. Material and Method: Retrospective cross-sectional study. The files of the patients operated on for EPS between January 2017 and August 2021 were reviewed. For follow-up, information was obtained from the records of the periodic controls in our center; those who did not continue with these controls were contacted by telephone. Results: 309 cases were collected, with a mean follow-up of 15.6 months. The most used techniques for the chronic phase of EPS were marsupialization and Karydakis, achieving complete wound healing in 54.5 and 18.2 days, respectively. The presence of complications prolonged the healing time by 46.5 days in Karydakis, with minimal impact on marsupialization. The recurrence rate was lower in Karydakis and in the acute stage when unroofing and curettage were performed. Antibiotic prophylaxis did not increase the risk of postoperative complications. Discussion: The development of postoperative complications has a greater impact on the healing of the closed technique than in the open technique, the last one seems to be more tolerant in terms of healing in the presence of complications. Conclusion: The intervention with the Karydakis technique achieves healing of the surgical wound in less time than marsupialization, however, when complications develop, this time increases 3.5 times more. Recurrence was lower in Karydakis. In abscess weaning and curettage is recommended over the exclusive drainage.

[Malignant lymphomas presenting as fever of unknown origin]. / Fiebre de origen desconocido. Forma de presentación de los linfomas malignos.

OBJECTIVE: The main cause of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in the diagnostic category of neoplasms are malignant lymphomas. This study was done to describe the clinical features and the investigation results which diagnostic contribution. METHOD: Between 2000 and 2005 a prospective and descriptive study was conducted in 18 patients hospitalized for studying a classical FUO who were diagnosed as having a malignant lymphoma. RESULTS: More than half of all patients (55%) were in stage IV. The weight loss and the peripheral lymphadenopathy were found in 13 (72%) and 9 patients (50%), respectively. Abdominal ultrasonography had a diagnostic contribution in 55% of the patients. The malignant lymphoma diagnostic was made by peripheral or deep lymphadenopathy biopsy in 8 patients (44%). The bone marrow biopsy established diagnostic in 6 patients (33%). In four patients (22%) the diagnosis was made at the autopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Most of patients with malignant lymphomas presenting as FUO had an advanced disease. The weight loss and the peripheral lymphadenopathy were the most frequent clinical features. Abdominal ultrasonography, lymphadenopathy biopsy and bone marrow biopsy were the procedures with more diagnostic utility.

Intususcepción apendicular por foco endometriósico: un caso clínico / Appendiceal intussusception caused by endometriosis: a clinical case

Resumen Objetivo: Reportar el caso de una paciente con intususcepción apendicular (IA), condición infrecuente, secundario a foco de endometriosis, patología que en los últimos años ha presentado un aumento en su incidencia. Material y Método: Historia clínica, imágenes preoperatorias e intraoperatorias obtenidas de la ficha clínica. Resultados: Mujer de 35 años con dolor abdominal crónico de 4 meses de evolución. Se realiza estudio colonoscópico evidenciando lesión de 15 x 8 mm en ostium apendicular intususceptada al lumen cecal, y enteroclisis por tomografía axial computarizada (TC) que confirma IA. Se realiza una resección ileocecal laparoscópica demostrando la invaginación del apéndice con biopsia que muestra un foco de endometrioma. Discusión: La IA es una condición infrecuente con una incidencia cercana al 0,01% en la población general. Las patologías benignas son la principal causa (77%), siendo la endometriosis la causa más frecuente. Conclusión: La IA por endometriosis es anecdótica, con sintomatología poco específica. Los estudios disponibles pueden orientar adecuadamente la presencia de IA, sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones puede confundirse con patologías neoplásicas, donde cobra importancia la cirugía para dilucidar la etiología.

Objective: To report the case of a patient with appendicular intussusception (AI), an infrequent condition secondary to a focus of endometriosis, a pathology that has increased incidence in recent years. Material and Method: Clinical case, history and images obtained from the clinical file and intraoperative records with the consent of the patient. Results: A 35-year-old woman with abdominal pain. Colonoscopy study showing a 15 × 8 mm lesion in the appendicular ostium intussuscepted to the cecal lumen, and a computerized tomography (CT) enteroclysis confirming AI. A laparoscopic ileocecal resection is performed, demonstrating invagination of the appendix secondary to an endometrioma focus. Discussion: AI is a rare condition, with an incidence close to 0.01% in the general population. Benign pathologies are the main cause (77%), endometriosis being the most frequent cause. Conclusion: AI due to endometriosis is anecdotal, with unspecific symptoms. The available studies can adequately guide the presence of AI, however, on some occasions it can be confused with neoplastic pathologies, where surgery is important to elucidate the etiology.

Abordaje quirúrgico y evolución posoperatoria en reintervenciones de complicaciones en cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica, 15 años de experiencia / Surgical approach and postoperative clinical course in reinterventions for complications following laparoscopic colorectal surgery: 15 years of experience

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar tres abordajes quirúrgicos (abierto, laparoscópico y laparoscópico convertido) para el manejo de complicaciones posoperatorias en cirugía colorrectal electiva realizadas primariamente por vía laparoscópica. Materiales y Método: Este estudio de cohorte retrospectivo incluyó pacientes reoperados después de una cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica electiva, agrupándose según la vía de abordaje de reoperación: abierta (RVA), laparoscópica (RVL) y laparoscópica convertida (RVLC). Las variables estudiadas fueron: preoperatorias (edad, sexo, puntuación ASA, IMC, comorbilidades e historia quirúrgica); operatorias (causa de reoperación, latencia para reoperación, tiempo operatorio, cirugía realizada y causa de conversión); y posoperatorias (tránsito intestinal, días de hospitalización, días de UCI, complicaciones médicas, infección del sitio quirúrgico, evisceración, transfusión y mortalidad a los 30 días). Resultados: Sin diferencias significativas para las variables preoperatorias y operatorias. En cuanto a las variables posoperatorias, el grupo de reoperaciones por vía laparoscópica, tuvo menos días de hospitalización (p = 0,012), menos días de UCI (p = 0,001) y un tránsito intestinal más rápido para reaparición de gases, heces y retorno a dieta sólida (p = 0,008, p = 0,029, p = 0,030, respectivamente). No hubo diferencias significativas en la infección del sitio quirúrgico, la evisceración, las complicaciones médicas, la transfusión y la mortalidad. Discusión y Conclusión: Este estudio reveló una mejor evolución clínica posoperatoria en el grupo de reoperación laparoscópica, con menor estancia hospitalaria y en UCI, y reducción del íleo posoperatorio, sin aumento de la morbimortalidad. Por lo tanto, la reoperación laparoscópica en cirugía colorrectal podría ser el abordaje más adecuado en pacientes debidamente seleccionados.

Aim: To compare three approaches (laparoscopic, open, and conversion of laparoscopic approach) for the management of intra-abdominal surgical complications after elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Materials and Method: This was a retrospective cohort study including patients who required reoperation due to an intra-abdominal surgical complication after initial elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Patients were grouped according to the reoperation approach-laparoscopic reoperation, laparoscopic reoperation that required conversion to open surgery, and open reoperation. Pre-operative variables (age, gender, ASA score, BMI, comorbidities, and surgical history), operative variables (cause of reoperation, latency for reoperation, operative time, surgery performed, and cause of conversion), and post-operative variables (intestinal transit, hospital days, ICU days, medical complications, surgical site infection, evisceration, transfusion and 30-day mortality), were compared between groups. Results: There were no significant differences between groups among the pre-operative and operative variables. In terms of post-operative variables, the laparoscopic reoperation group, had fewer hospital days (p = 0.012), fewer ICU days (p = 0.001), and faster intestinal transit regarding gas, stool and return to solid diet (p = 0.008, p = 0.029 and p = 0.030, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in surgical site infection, evisceration, medical complications, transfusion, and mortality. Discussion and Conclusión: This study revealed better post-operative clinical course in the laparoscopic reoperation group, with shorter hospital and ICU stay, and reduced postoperative ileus, without increased morbidity or mortality. Laparoscopic reoperation for complications after elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery may therefore be the preferred approach.

Estudio comparativo en pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal con preparación mecánica exclusiva y preparación mecánica con antibióticos orales

Objetivo: Evaluar las complicaciones posoperatorias y la evolución clínica en pacientes sometidos a colectomías y anastomosis con dos estrategias preoperatorias, preparación mecánica (PMC) y preparación mecánica con antibióticos orales (PMC+AO). Materiales y Método: Estudio retrospectivo, con un total de 216 pacientes, 149 fueron del grupo PMC y 67 del PMC+AO. Variables estudiadas: características demográficas, intervención quirúrgica, localización anastomótica, fuga anastomótica (FA), infección del sitio operatorio (ISO), tránsito intestinal posoperatorio, infección por Clostridium difficile (CD) y estadía hospitalaria. Para el análisis estadístico se realizaron modelos bivariados y multivariados. Resultados: La FA fue más frecuente en el grupo PMC (7,38% vs. 0%, p = 0,011). En colectomías del lado izquierdo, la diferencia más marcada en las FA de ambos grupos fue en anastomosis del recto medio, sin casos en el grupo PMC+AO (0% vs. 50%, p = 0,019). En colectomías derechas, la FA fue similar para ambos grupos. Hubo más ISO en el grupo PMC (4,7% vs. 0%, p = 0,037). La recuperación del tránsito intestinal fue más rápida para el grupo PMC+AO, determinando menor estadía hospitalaria (3,98 días vs. 6,39 días, p = 0,001). El grupo PMC+AO se asoció a mayor tasa de colitis por CD (4,48% vs. 0,67%, p = 0,008). Discusión y Conclusión: El uso de la preparación intestinal con antibióticos orales podría ayudar a prevenir la FA en las colectomías izquierdas y evitar las ISO, favoreciendo la recuperación del tránsito intestinal, reduciendo la estadía hospitalaria. La asociación a CD debe examinarse en estudios más amplios.

Aim: To evaluate postoperative complications and clinical evolution in patients undergoing colectomies and anastomosis with two preoperative strategies, mechanical bowel preparation alone (MBP) and mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics (MBP+OA). Materials and Method: Retrospective study, with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Variables studied: preoperative demographic characteristics, surgical intervention, anastomotic location, anastomotic leakage (AL), surgical site infection (SSI), postoperative intestinal transit, Clostridium difficile (CD) infection and hospital stay. Statistical analysis, bivariate and multivariate models were performed. Results: 216 patients studied, 149 were MBP group and 67 MBP+OA group. The group MBP had higher rates of AL (7.38% vs. 0%, p = 0.011). For left-sided colectomies, AL rate in both groups had a higher difference in the middle rectum, with no cases in the MBP+OA group (0% vs. 50%, p = 0.019). For right colectomies, the AL rates were similar in both groups. SSI was higher in MBP group (4.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.037). The bowel transit recovery was faster for MBP+OA group, determining less hospital stay (3.98 days vs. 6.39 days, p = 0.001). The group MBP+OA had a higher rate of CD colitis, 4.48% (p = 0.008). Discussion and Conclusion: These results suggest that preoperative oral antibiotic with mechanical bowel preparation could help to prevent anastomotic leaks in left-sided colectomies, also avoid surgical site infection, favoring the recovery of postoperative bowel transit, reducing hospital stay. The association to CD should be examined in larger studies.

Quiste pilonidal. Preferencias en su manejo de los cirujanos/as colorrectales de Latinoamérica

Objetivo: Caracterizar las preferencias y frecuencia de las técnicas quirúrgicas para la resolución de la enfermedad pilonidal (EPS) en los cirujanos/as colorrectales de Latinoamérica. Material y Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo analítico mediante encuesta electrónica validada por pares expertos. Distribuida entre los cirujanos/as colorrectales de Latinoamérica. Fueron excluidos los cirujanos/as no subespecialistas en cirugía colorrectal. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 372 respuestas de 15 países latinoamericanos, con media de 18,9 ± 12,5 años como subespecialistas. El 66,7% utiliza técnicas abiertas para EPS crónica, las técnicas más usadas son marsupialización (31,5%), destechamiento (27,7%) y resección con técnica de Karydakis (17,7%), colgajo de Limberg (6,1%), Bascom (5,4%), plastias en Z o V-Y (4%), McFee (3,8%) y Epsit (3,8%). La intervención más utilizada para la resolución de la EPS aguda es el drenaje bajo anestesia formal con curetaje y/o marsupialización (51,1%). El 45,3% de los cirujanos/as cambia de técnica durante su carrera. Discusión: Gracias a la amplia distribución y representatividad de los encuestados se logró plasmar la preferencia de manera realista acerca de las inclinaciones en el manejo de la EPS por parte de los subespecialistas del continente, aportando información de la que no se tiene precedente. Conclusión: Las técnicas abiertas son las preferidas para la resolución de la EPS crónica, las técnicas más utilizadas son marsupialización, destechamiento y Karydakis. Es frecuente el cambio de técnica quirúrgica preferente dentro de los subespecialistas, existiendo una relación entre escoger técnicas abiertas en la medida que los cirujanos/as tienen más años de experiencia.

Aim: To characterize the preferences and frequency of surgical techniques for the resolution of pilonidal disease (PSD) in colorectal surgeons of Latin America. Materials and Method: Cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study using an electronic survey validated by expert peers. Distributed among colorectal surgeons in Latin America. Surgeons who were not subspecialists in colorectal surgery were excluded. Results: 372 responses were obtained from subspecialist surgeons in colorectal surgery from 15 Latin American countries, with a mean of 18.9 ± 12.5 years as subspecialists. 66.7% use open techniques for chronic PSD, the most used techniques: marsupialization (31.5%), unroofing (27.7%) and resection with the Karydakis technique (17.7%), Limberg flap (6, 1%), Bascom (5.4%), Z or VY plasties (4%), McFee (3.8%) and Epsit (3.8%). The most used intervention for the resolution of acute PSD is drainage under formal anesthesia with curettage and/or marsupialization (51.1%). 45.3% of surgeons change techniques during their career. Discussion: Due to the wide distribution and representativeness of the respondents, it was possible to capture the preference in a realistic way about the management of the PSD by the subspecialists of the continent, contributing with information with which there is no precedent. Conclusion: Open techniques are preferred for the resolution of chronic PSD, marsupialization, unroofing and Karydakis were used the most. The change of surgical technique within subspecialists is frequent, there is a relationship between preferring open techniques to the extent that surgeons have more years of experience.

Rendimiento y seguridad de las colonoscopías de screening en dos grupos etarios de pacientes de la tercera edad

Objetivo: Comparar el rendimiento y seguridad de las colonoscopías de screening en el diagnóstico del cáncer colorrectal en dos grupos de pacientes añosos. Materiales y Método: Un análisis retrospectivo de pacientes sometidos a colonoscopías de screening en Clínica INDISA, desde noviembre de 2017 hasta marzo de 2019. Se excluyeron pacientes con síntomas de alarma según criterios de Roma IV, colonoscopías de urgencia y terapéuticas. Se compararon 2 grupos de pacientes: Grupo I entre 70-79 años y Grupo II mayores de 80 años. El objetivo primario fue el rendimiento diagnóstico de la colonoscopía de screening, definida como su capacidad para identificar hallazgos significativos definidos como la presencia de adenomas, displasia de alto grado y cáncer colorrectal. Los resultados secundarios consideraron la morbilidad y mortalidad del procedimiento. Análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: Un total de 125 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión; Grupo I: 70 pacientes y Grupo II: 55 pacientes. Los hallazgos significativos se presentaron en un 27,1% en el Grupo I y en 30,9% en el Grupo II (p = 0,675). No se observaron diferencias en la calidad de la preparación intestinal o las complicaciones relacionadas con el procedimiento. Discusión y Conclusión: Las colonoscopías de screening en el diagnóstico de cáncer colorrectal son bien toleradas en pacientes mayores de 80 años, con un rendimiento equivalente en comparación al grupo más joven. Dado el aumento de la esperanza de vida, se recomienda realizar colonoscopías en octogenarios, especialmente en aquellos con buen estado de salud.

Aim: To compare diagnostic yield of significant findings rate and safety of screening colonoscopies in two groups of elderly patients. Materials and Method: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent screening colonoscopies at INDISA Clinic, from November 2017 to March 2019. Exclusion criteria were those with "alarm" symptoms according to Rome IV criteria, emergencies and therapeutic colonoscopies were excluded. Comparison groups were patients between 70-79 years old (Grupo I), and those over 80 years old (Grupo II). The primary outcome was the diagnostic yield of screening colonoscopy, defined as its capacity to identify adenomas, high-grade dysplasia, and colorectal cancer. Secondary outcomes were morbidity and mortality of the procedure. Statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential. Results: A total of 125 patients met our inclusion criteria; Grupo I: 70 and Grupo II 55 patients. Significant findings were observed in 27.1% in Grupo I and 30.9% in Grupo II (p = 0.675). No differences in bowel prep quality or procedure-related complications were observed between both groups. Discussion and Conclusion: Screening colonoscopies for colorectal cancer are well tolerated in patients over 80 years of age, with equivalent diagnostic rates compared with the younger patient group. Given the increasing life expectancy worldwide, it is recommended to continue checking for colorectal cancer with screening colonoscopies in octogenarians, particularly healthy ones.

Photobiomodulation of pain and inflammation in microcrystalline arthropathies: experimental and clinical results.

OBJECTIVE: This article presents the results of laser therapy in crystal (hydroxyapatite, calcium pyrophosphate, and urates) deposition-induced arthritis in rats and the clinical applications in humans. BACKGROUND DATA: Microcrystalline arthropathies are prevalent among geriatric patients, who are more vulnerable to the side effects of drugs. The effectiveness of laser therapy for pain relief, free of side effects, has been reported in painful conditions. METHODS: Two milligrams of each of the above-mentioned crystals was injected in both joints of the back limbs in three groups of rats; these groups were then treated with laser irradiation. Three other groups received no treatment after the injections. We determined the plasmatic levels of inflammatory markers (fibrinogen, prostaglandin E2, and TNF(alpha)), tissues (prostaglandin E(2)) and conducted anatomopathological studies. Twenty-five patients with acute gout arthritis were randomized into two groups and treated over 5 days: group A, diclofenac 75 mg orally, twice a day; and group B, laser irradiation once a day. Forty-nine patients with knee chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy were randomized into two groups and treated over 21 days; group A, diclofenac 50 mg orally, twice a day; and group B, laser irradiation once a day. Thirty patients with shoulder chronic hydroxyapatite arthropathy were randomized into two groups and treated over 21 days; group A, diclofenac 50 mg orally, twice a day; and group B, laser irradiation once a day. RESULTS: Fibrinogen, prostaglandin E(2), and TNF(alpha) concentrations in the rats injected with crystals and treated with laser decreased significantly as compared with the groups injected with crystals without treatment. Both laser therapy and diclofenac achieved rapid pain relief in patients with acute gouty arthritis without significant differences in efficacy. Laser therapy was more effective than diclofenac in patients with chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy and in patients with chronic apatite deposition disease. CONCLUSION: Laser therapy represents an effective treatment in the therapeutic arsenal of microcrystalline arthropathies.

Evaluación de factores de riesgo asociados a dehiscencia anastomótica en cirugía colorrectal: análisis multivariado de 748 pacientes / Evaluation of the risk factors associated with anastomotic dehiscence in colorectal surgery: multivariate analysis of 748 pacients

INTRODUCCIÓN: La dehiscencia anastomótica (DA) es una complicación severa en cirugía colorrectal con una incidencia que oscila entre 2 y 19%. La literatura internacional muestra numerosos estudios sobre la identificación de factores de riesgo (FR), mientras que en la nacional existen solo dos series que analizan esta complicación. OBJETIVO: Realizar una caracterización descriptiva de resultados institucionales y establecer la tasa de DA, sus factores de riesgo asociados y la mortalidad. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Serie de casos no concurrente, cuya muestra son pacientes consecutivos intervenidos de patología colorrectal con anastomosis primaria con o sin ostoma derivativo entre los años 2004 y 2016. Se realiza modelo de regresión logística univariable y multivariable. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 748 pacientes, 50,5% mujeres, media de edad fue 56,2. Las indicaciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes fueron cáncer colorrectal en 381 (50,9%) pacientes y enfermedad diverticular en 163 (21,8%). La DA fue de 5,6% (42/748) y la mortalidad fue de 2% (15/748), siendo de 1% para los electivos (7/681). En el análisis univariado encontramos que los FR que tuvieron significancia estadística fueron la albúmina (p < 0,001), altura anastomosis (p < 0,001), transfusión (p < 0,001), localización (colon derecho > izquierdo) (p = 0,011), mientras que en el análisis multivariado fueron la albúmina (p = 0,002) con un OR 3,64 (IC 95% 1,58-8,35) y transfusión (p = 0,015) con un OR 7,15 (IC 95% 1,46-34,91). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestra serie es la más grande reportada en Chile, con resultados similares a estudios internacionales y nacionales. Establecemos que la hipoalbuminemia y la presencia de transfusiones intraoperatorias se asocian a alta tasa de DA.

INTRODUCTION: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a severe complication in colorectal surgery, its incidence ranges from 2 to 19%. In international literature, we found numerous studies on the identification of risk factors (RF), while in the national there are only two series that analyze this complication. AIM: Perform a descriptive characterization of institutional results and establish the AL rate, its associated risk factors and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Non-concurrent series of cases, whose sample is consecutive patients operated for colorectal pathology with primary anastomosis with or without a derivative ostoma between 2004 and 2016. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression model was performed. RESULTS: There were 748 patients, 50.5% women, mean age was 56.2. The most frequent surgical indications were colorectal cancer in 381 (50.9%) patients and diverticular disease in 163 (21.8%). The AL was 5.6% (42/748) and the mortality was 2% (15/748), being 1% for the electives (7/681). In the univariate analysis, we found that the RF that had statistical significance were albumin (p < 0.001), anastomosis height (p < 0.001), transfusion (p < 0.001), location (right colon > left) (p = 0.011), while that in the multivariate analysis were albumin (p = 0.002) with an OR 3.64 (IC 95% 1.58-8.35) and transfusion (p = 0.015) with an OR 7.15 (IC 95% 1.46-34.91). CONLUSION: Our series is the largest reported in Chile, with similar results to international and national studies. We establish that hypoalbuminemia and the presence of intraoperative transfusions are associated with a high rate of AL.

Prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en los residentes de cirugía general de Chile y sus factores asociados / Prevalence of Burnout syndrome in general surgery residents of Chile and its associated factors

Introducción: El Síndrome de Burnout (SBO), corresponde a una respuesta al estrés laboral crónico conformado por actitudes y sentimientos negativos. Se caracteriza por la presencia de agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja realización personal. Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia del SBO en residentes de cirugía general en Chile. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de corte transversal, con invitación a responder encuesta anónima online. El instrumento utilizado, fue el Maslach Burnout Inventory de 22 preguntas, que se divide en 3 subescalas, agotamiento emocional (AE), despersonalización (D) y baja realización personal (RP). Éstas a su vez se dividen en grado bajo, moderado o alto. SBO se define por grado alto en AE o D, o grado bajo de RP. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 103 respuestas completas, de las cuales 72,8% cumple criterios de SBO en al menos una subescala. En el modelo de regresión logística multivariado, la edad aparece como un factor protector con un OR 0,8 (IC 95% 0,64-0,99) y el tener hijos como un factor de riesgo con un OR 4,94 (IC 95% 1,03-23,52). En la subescala de AE, las mujeres presentan mayor riesgo de desarrollar SBO RRR 5,32 (IC 95% 1,10-25,66), mientras que en la subescala de RP, hubo un mayor riesgo de desarrollar SBO en quienes realizan la especialidad en Región Metropolitana RRR 5,43 (IC 95% 1,12-26,37). Conclusiones: La prevalencia del SBO en los residentes de cirugía general de Chile es de un 72,8%, principalmente en jóvenes, con hijos, mujeres y de región metropolitana.

Introduction: The Burnout Syndrome (SBO), corresponds to a response to chronic work stress conformed by negative attitudes and feelings. It is characterized by the presence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal fulfillment. Objective: To evaluate the presence of SBO in residents of general surgery in Chile. Patients and Method: Cross-sectional study, with an invitation to answer an anonymous online survey. The instrument used was the Maslach Burnout Inventory of 22 questions, which is divided into 3 subscales, emotional exhaustion (AE), depersonalization (D) and low personal fulfillment (RP). These in turn are divided into low, moderate or high. SBO is defined by high grade in AE or D, or low grade of RP. Results: 103 complete answers were obtained, of which 72.8% met SBO criteria on at least one subscale. In the multivariate logistic regression model, age appears as a protective factor with an OR 0.8 (95% CI 0.64-0.99) and having children as a risk factor with an OR 4.94 (95% CI 1.03-23.52). In the AE subscale, women presented a higher risk of developing SBO RRR 5.32 (95% CI 1.10-25.66), while in the RP subscale, there was an increased risk of developing SBO in those who performed the specialty in metropolitan region RRR 5.43 (95% CI 1.12-26.37). Conclusions: The prevalence of SBO in residents of general surgery in Chile is 72.8%, mainly in young people, with children, women and the metropolitan region.

Análisis de variables relacionadas con la morbimortalidad de la anastomosis ileocólica después de hemicolectomía derecha / Analysis of variables related to morbidity and mortality of the ileocolic anastomosis after right hemicolectomy

Introducción: La hemicolectomía derecha con anastomosis ileocólica es una cirugía frecuentemente realizada para la que existen muchas formas de realizarla. Objetivo: Evaluar cuál es la mejor anastomosis ilecólica en términos de morbimortalidad y realizar una evaluación comparativa de la evolución clínica posoperatoria según el tipo de configuración anastomótica. Pacientes y Método: Estudio observacional analítico, con criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos. Las variables a estudiar las dividimos en dos grupos, las relacionadas a la técnica quirúrgica y su configuración anastomótica, y las variables relacionadas con resultados de la intervención quirúrgica, creando una tabla de contingencia en que se cruzan los datos. Análisis de datos con STATA 13.0. Resultados: 216 pacientes con anastomosis ileocólica, destacando significancia estadística al cruzar: A) reoperación y tipo de sutura (p = 0,044), con un OR 3,4 (IC 95% 0,94-18,6), siendo de mayor riesgo la mecánica; B) mortalidad y urgencia (p = 0,001) con un OR 7,76 (IC 95% 1,56-49,29), siendo de mayor riesgo la cirugía de urgencia. Las anastomosis isoperistálticas possen eliminación de gases (p < 0,001), tránsito intestinal (p = 0,009) e ingesta de sólidos (p = 0,005) más precoz. Hay expulsión de gases antes en el abordaje laparoscópico, sutura manual, configuración término lateral e isoperistáltica de la anastomosis y cirugía electiva. Conclusión: Existe gran variabilidad de técnicas para realizar la anastomosis ileocólica. La anastomosis manual muestra menor probabilidad de necesitar una reintervención quirúrgica, la cirugía electiva tiene menor mortalidad que la realizada de urgencia. Sugerimos realizarla vía laparoscópica, con sutura manual, término lateral, isoperistáltica y de forma electiva, por tener una recuperación más corta.

Introduction: Right hemicolectomy with ileocolic anastomosis is a frequent surgery with many ways to perform it. Objective: To evaluate which is the best ileocolic anastomosis in terms of morbidity and mortality and to make a comparative evaluation of the postoperative clinical evolution according to the type of anastomosis. Patients and Method: Analytical observational study, with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variables to be studied are divided into two groups, those related to the surgical technique and its anastomotic configuration, and the variables related to the results of the surgical intervention, creating a contingency table that crosses the data. Data analysis with STATA 13.0. Results: 216 patients with ileocolic anastomosis, highlighting statistical significance when crossing: A) reoperation and type of suture (p = 0.044), with UN or 3.4 (95% CI 0.94 to 18.6), being of greater risk the mechanics; B) mortality and urgency (p = 0.001) with an OR 7.76 (95% CI 1.56-49.29), with emergency surgery being of greater risk. Isoperistaltic anastomosis with gas elimination (p < 0.001), intestinal transit (p = 0.009) and solid intake (p = 0.005) earlier. There is earlier expulsion of gases in the laparoscopic approach, manual suture, end-to-side and isoperistaltic of the anastomosis and elective surgery. Conclusion: There is great variability of techniques to perform the ileocolic anastomosis. Manual anastomosis is less likely to require surgical reoperation, elective surgery has a lower mortality than that of emergency surgery. We suggest performing it laparoscopically, with manual suture, lateral term, isoperistaltic and electively, for having a shorter recovery.

Aplicabilidad del Colon Leakage Score como predictor de filtración anastomótica en cirugía de cáncer colorrectal / Applicability of the Colon Leakage Score as an anastomotic leakage predictor in colorectal cancer surgery

Introducción: La filtración anastomótica (FA) en cirugía colorrectal aumenta la morbimortalidad. La identificación de factores de riesgo y la creación de un modelo predictivo ayudaría en la decisión de crear un ostoma desfuncionalizante, hecho que, actualmente, recae en el criterio del cirujano. Dekker creó el Colon Leakage Score (CLS) estableciendo criterios objetivos. Objetivo: Establecer el CLS en pacientes intervenidos por cáncer de colon izquierdo y recto en Clínica INDISA, estableciendo valores de corte locales, su sensibilidad y especificidad. Pacientes y Método: Corresponde a un estudio de pruebas diagnósticas, cuya intervención es la aplicación del CLS comparándolo con la presencia de filtración anastomótica (gold standard), definida por criterios clínicos y radiológicos. Se utilizó análisis de curvas ROC, índice de Youden y regresión logística. Resultados: De 180 pacientes, hubo FA en 12 (6,6%). La media de CLS en quienes hubo FA fue de 11,5 y en quienes no hubo FA de 6,9 (p = 0,0001). El área bajo la curva para predicción de FA con el CLS fue de 0,829 (IC 95% 0,69-0,96), con un valor de corte de 11, sensibilidad de 67% y especificidad de 89%. En el análisis de regresión logística, el OR para la predicción de FA utilizando el CLS fue de 1,48 (IC 95% 1,22-1,79 p < 0,001). Conclusión: El CLS es una herramienta que permite predecir el riesgo de FA en pacientes intervenidos por cáncer de colon izquierdo y recto. Ante un valor mayor o igual a 11 se debería crear un ostoma protector, generando un cambio en la práctica clínica.

Introduction: Anastomotic filtration increases morbidity and mortality in colorrectal surgery. Identification of risk factors and creation of a predictive model would help the decision of creating a defunctionalizing ostoma, that currently is taken by the surgeon. Dekker created de Colon Leakege Score (CLS) with objective criteria. Objective: Establish CLS in patients that underwent left colon and rectum surgery with cancer diagnosis in Clinica INDISA, define the local cutting value, it's specificity and sensibility. Patients and Methods: Corresponds to a diagnostic test's study, that intervention is CLS application, comparing with the presence of anastomotic filtration (gold standard), defined by clinical and radiologic criteria. For the analysis, ROC curves, Youden's index and logistic regression. Results: From 180 patients, anastomotic filtration was present in 12 (6.6%). Average CLS score in patients with anastomotic filtration was 11.5 and in those without anastomotic filtration was 6.9 (p = 0.0001). Area under the curve for anastomotic filtration prediction using CLS was 0.829 (CI 95% 0.69-0.96) with a cutting value of 11, 67% of sensibility and 89% of specificity. Logistic regression analysis, OR for anastomotic filtration prediction using CLS was 1.48 (CI 95% 1.22-1.79 p < 0.001). Conclusion: CLS is a tool that permits predicting anastomotic filtration risk in patients that underwent left colon and rectum surgery. With a CLS value equal or more than 11, we should create a protective ostoma, generating a clinical practice local change.

Evaluación comparativa de efectividad y tolerabilidad con polietilenglicol y picosulfato de sodio-citrato de magnesio como agentes de preparación intestinal para colonoscopia / Comparative evaluation of effectiveness and tolerability with polyethylene glycol and sodium picosulfate-magnesium citrate as intestinal preparation agents for colonoscopy

Resumen Introducción La efectividad de la colonoscopia depende de múltiples factores, destacando la calidad de preparación intestinal y la tolerabilidad que tenga el paciente a la preparación administrada. Objetivo Comparar dos agentes de preparación intestinal, el polietilenglicol (PEG) y el picosulfato de sodiocitrato de magnesio (PSCM) en términos de efectividad y tolerabilidad de la preparación. Pacientes y Método Ensayo clínico aleatorizado en pacientes ambulatorios sometidos a colonoscopia en Clínica INDISA. Evaluando efectividad y tolerabilidad con el Boston Bowel Preparation Score (BBPS) y cuestionario de Lawrence [compuesto por escala Likert, dos preguntas cualitativas y escala visual análoga (EVA)], respectivamente. Resultados 189 pacientes, de los cuales 123 se aleatorizaron a PEG y 66 a PSCM. El BBPS en los pacientes que utilizaron PEG, la media fue 7,51 (DS 1,66) y con PSCM fue 7,12 (DS 1,71) (p = 0,111). Al analizar la tolerabilidad con escala Likert, la media con PEG fue 0,94 (DS 0,68) y con PSCM fue 0,63 (DS 0,61) (p = 0,0004). La EVA con PEG tuvo una media de 7,68 (DS 2,4) y con PSCM de 9,04 (DS 1,59) (p < 0,0001). Al preguntar ausentismo laboral, no hubo diferencias significativas en ambos grupos y al preguntar si ocuparía la misma preparación en una futura colonoscopia, hubo significancia estadística a favor del PSCM (p = 0,026). Conclusión No encontramos diferencias en la efectividad de preparación intestinal al comparar PEG y PSCM, sin embargo, el PSCM es mejor tolerado.

Introduction The effectiveness of colonoscopy depends on multiple factors, being two of the most important ones an adequate bowel preparation and the patient's tolerability to the preparation. Objectives Compare effectiveness and tolerability of two bowel preparation agents, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate (SPMC). Patients and Methods Randomized clinical trial on outpatients that went into colonoscopy in INDISA Clinic. We evaluated effectiveness and tolerability with Boston Bowel Preparation Score (BBPS) and Lawrence questionnaire [composed by Likert scale, two qualitative questions and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain], respectively. Results 189 patients, 123 were randomized to PEG and 66 to SPMC. BBPS average in patients in the PEG branch was 7.51 (SD 1.66) and for SPMC 7.12 (SD 1.71) (p = 0.111). Likert scale for evaluating tolerability average for PEG was 0.94 (SD 0.68) and for SPMC 0.63 (SD 0.61) (p = 0.0004). VAS scale for PEG had an average of 7.68 (SD 2.4) and for PSCM 9.04 (SD 1.59) (p < 0.0001). When we asked for workplace absenteeism, there were no significant differences between both groups and when we asked about using the same intestinal preparation in a future colonoscopy there was statistical significance in favor to SPMC (p = 0.026). Conclusions No differences were noted on effectiveness between the PEG and SPMC bowel preparations. Nevertheless, SPMC appeared to be better tolerated by patients.

Fístula colovesical secundaria a enfermedad diverticular: cirugía laparoscópica electiva / Colovesical fistula: laparoscopic surgery

Aim: Colovesical fistula is a severe complication associated to neoplastic or inflammatory colon disease. Most common procedure is open surgery. We report a case of colovesical fistula secondary to diverticular disease treated with a laparoscopic approach. Methods: A 64-year-old man was seen with a known colonic diverticular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and recurrent urinary tract infection. He complained of lower abdominal pain, dysuria, and pneumaturia. A CT scan revealed a sigmoid diverticular perforation into the bladder (colovesical fistula). A left hemicolectomy with partial cystectomy was performed by laparoscopy means. Results: There was no morbidity related to the surgical procedure, and the final pathology confirmed a colonic diverticular disease with bladder compromise. The patient is asymptomatic at 24 months of follow up. Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach is a feasible alternative for the treatment of colovesical fistula with low morbidity.

Objetivos: La fístula colovesical es una complicación relacionada con procesos inflamatorios y neoplá-sicos del colon. El manejo tradicional de esta patología es quirúrgico bajo técnica abierta. Presentamos un caso de fístula colovesical secundaria a enfermedad diverticular con tratamiento quirúrgico laparoscópico. Materiales y Métodos: Paciente masculino de 64 años de edad, portador de enfermedad diverticular de larga data con antecedente de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e infecciones urinarias a repetición, quien consulta por presentar dolor en hipogastrio, disuria y neumaturia. Se realiza tomografía computada que revela perforación diverticular de colon sigmoides a vejiga (fístula colovesical). Se realizó hemicolectomía izquierda más cistectomía parcial, con resección del trayecto fistuloso, y cierre vesical y anastomosis colónica laparoscópica. Resultados: No hubo complicaciones intra ni postoperatorias. El estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza operatoria demostró enfermedad diverticular. El paciente se encuentra asintomático a los 24 meses de seguimiento. Conclusión: El abordaje laparoscópico es una alternativa factible para el tratamiento de fístula colovesical, con baja morbilidad.

Effects of diclofenac sodium and He:Ne laser irradiation on plasmatic fibrinogen levels in inflammatory processes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work was to determine the possible synergic effect on the concentration of plasma fibrinogen (PF) by injecting diclofenac sodium associated with laser therapy postsurgery. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and He:Ne laser irradiation as a therapy were used to inhibit the effects generated by inflammation. Tissue injury produces significant increases in PF levels, which are reduced to normal values by administration of NSAIDs or laser irradiation of the injured zone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rate were divided into groups in which different presurgical and postsurgical treatment were used; the inflammation was induced by laparotomy. RESULTS: Parenteral diclofenac or He:Ne laser irradiation used separately in normal rats did not produce changes in the PF levels. Diclofenac and laser irradiation combined postsurgery produced a significant reduction of PF levels compared with normal values, or with groups that were injected or irradiated postsurgically. CONCLUSION: The inflammatory response could be reduced by the effect of the diclofenac sodium upon the COX-2/COX-1 inhibitory relation associated with the photobiological effect of the He:Ne laser.