RESUMEN
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a late complication of liver cirrhosis and is clearly associated with poor outcomes. Chronic liver insufficiency leads to progressive muscle wasting, impairing ammonia metabolism and thus increasing the risk for HE. Given the association between lean mass and adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT), it has been used to predict outcome and complications in many conditions, but not yet in cirrhotic patients. Therefore, this article aimed to study the association between HE manifestations and measures related to muscle mass and strength. This cross-sectional study included 54 cirrhotic outpatients with HE varying from subclinical to grade II according to the West-Haven criteria, who were submitted to neuropsychometric tests, electroencephalogram, brain Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength (HGS) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry exam (DXA). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between body composition measures and HE grade. Analysis of the area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve revealed the values related to neurological manifestations (HE grades I and II). Reductions in APMT and HGS were associated with higher HE grades, suggesting a big impact caused by the loss of muscle mass and function on HE severity. The link between HE manifestations and anthropometric measures, namely APMT and HGS, point to a significant relation concerning skeletal muscles and the neurological impairment in this population.
Asunto(s)
Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Encefalopatía Hepática/fisiopatología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatología , Anciano , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Estudios Transversales , Electroencefalografía , Femenino , Encefalopatía Hepática/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón ÚnicoRESUMEN
Cryptosporidium parvum has been detected with increasing frequency in the gastrointestinal tract, but involvement of the stomach is rarely reported. Whenever found in the histologic examination of the gastrointestinal mucosa, it should raise the suspicion of an immunocompromised host. We report a case of Cryptosporidium-associated erosive gastritis in a 64-year-old woman, who was found later to have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Gastroduodenoendoscopy and biopsy of the gastric mucosa played an invaluable role in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and to disclose the underlying immunodeficiency state.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/diagnóstico , Criptosporidiosis/diagnóstico , Mucosa Gástrica/parasitología , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/patología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/patología , Animales , Biopsia , Criptosporidiosis/patología , Cryptosporidium parvum/aislamiento & purificación , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadAsunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/cirugía , Glucagón/análisis , Insulina/análisis , Islotes Pancreáticos/citología , Trasplante de Páncreas/fisiología , Trasplante Heterotópico , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Glucagón/sangre , Inmunohistoquímica , Insulina/sangre , Islotes Pancreáticos/patología , Masculino , Trasplante de Páncreas/patología , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas Lew , Programas Informáticos , Trasplante IsogénicoAsunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/cirugía , Neuropatías Diabéticas/epidemiología , Neuropatías Diabéticas/patología , Trasplante de Islotes Pancreáticos/fisiología , Animales , Axones/patología , Axones/ultraestructura , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Glucógeno/análisis , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/patología , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas Lew , Nervio Ciático/patología , Trasplante Isogénico/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Scientific development that has been achieved through decades finds in clinical research a great possibility of translating findings to human health application. Evidence given by clinical trials allows everyone to have access to the best health services. However, the millionaire world of pharmaceutical industries has stained clinical research with doubt and improbability. Study results (fruits of controlled clinical trials) and scientific publications (selective, manipulated and with wrong conclusions) led to an inappropriate clinical practice, favoring the involved economic aspect. In 2005, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), supported by the World Association of Medical Editors, started demanding as a requisite for publication that all clinical trials be registered at the database ClinicalTrials.gov. In 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) created the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP), which gathers several registry centers from all over the world, and required that all researchers and pharmaceutical industries register clinical trials. Such obligatory registration has progressed and will extend to all scientific journals indexed in all worldwide databases. Registration of clinical trials means another step of clinical research towards transparency, ethics and impartiality, resulting in real evidence to the forthcoming changes in clinical practice as well as in the health situation.
Asunto(s)
Ensayos Clínicos Controlados como Asunto , Investigación Biomédica/ética , Industria FarmacéuticaRESUMEN
A hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) continua sendo uma das principais causas de atendimento hospitalar emergencial