Importance of premeal injection time in insulin therapy: Humalog Mix25 is convenient for improved post-prandial glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with Italian dietary habits.

We investigated the use, in a short period, of Humalog Mix25 (Mix25) in a twice-daily administration regimen compared to a twice-daily injection therapy with Humulin 30/70 (30/70) in diabetic patients with Italian dietary habits. We studied 33 type 2 diabetic patients aged 59.1 +/- 8.1 years, BMI 29.8 +/- 2.7 kg/m2, duration of diabetes and insulin therapy of 14.4 +/- 9.8 and 4.2 +/- 4.6 years, respectively. After a 4-day lead-in period of twice-daily human insulin 30/70 treatment, patients were randomized to one of two treatment sequences: (1) a twice-daily regimen with Mix25 just 5 minutes before the morning and evening meals for 12 days, followed by a twice-daily therapy with human insulin 30/70 given 30 minutes before the morning and evening meals for an additional 12 days; or (2) the alternate sequence. Each patient underwent a mixed meal test: Humulin 30/70 was administered 30 minutes before the meal, while Mix25 was given 5 minutes before. The 2-hour post-prandial glucose concentration after breakfast was significantly lower during treatment with Mix25 than with Humulin 30/70 (157 +/- 43.2 vs. 180 +/- 43.2 mg/dl, p<0.05). The glycemic excursion after dinner on Mix25 treatment was significantly lower than with Humulin 30/70 (12.2 +/- 48.01 vs. 35.5 +/- 36.92 mg/dl, p<0.05). AUCglucose after Mix25 was lower than after Humulin 30/70. Glycemia after test meal was significantly lower with Mix25 than with Humulin 30/70. Insulin and free insulin concentrations after the test meal were significantly higher with Mix25 in comparison to Humulin 30/70. AUC serum insulin and free insulin curves after Mix25 were significantly higher than after Humulin 30/70 (p=0.028 and p=0.005, respectively). Twice-daily injections of Humalog Mix25, compared to human insulin 30/70 in type 2 diabetic patients with Italian dietary habits, provide improved and lasting post-prandial glycemic control, with the great convenience of the injection just before the meal.

[Effect of calcitonin on human gastric function]. / Effetto della calcitonina sulla funzione gastrica nell'uomo.

The effects of calcitonin on the gastric secretion have been investigated. Five subjects (age 34 and approximately 70 kg on average) have been injected by 0,25 microgram/kg s.c. a decrease of gastric secretion has been detected. The inhibition of pepsin secretion is much larger than the effect on MAO and PAO. This supports the hypothesis that calcitonin inhibits protein synthesis of the gastric mucous.

[Effects of oral glucose load on blood lipids and on platelet function]. / Effetto del carico orale di glucosio sui lipidi ematici e sulla funzione piastrinica.

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been performed on 12 healthy men. Plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids, NEFA, and number, adhesiveness and aggregating of platelets have been measured before and during OGTT (at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 mins). Results demonstrate that OGTT decreases during the 1st hour, increases during the 2nd hour, and brings again to the initial value the platelet aggregation during the 3rd hour. The biphasic trend of platelet aggregation, in comparison with the monophasic OGTT curve, allows us to hypothesize some relationships between platelet aggregation and not only blood glucose concentration but also the activity of some hormones controlling both blood sugar level and platelet function.

[Incidence of peptic ulcer in diabetic disease: a clinic-epidemiological study]. / Incidenza dell'ulcera peptica nella malattia diabetica: studio clinico-epidemiologico.

We have investigated in 400 patients, 159 male and 241 female, mean age 58 years, with type 2 diabetes, the incidence of peptic ulcer and on 127 patients with peptic ulcer, the incidence of diabetes mellitus. In conclusion the incidence of peptic ulcer is no more than 3,9% in diabetic patients. In peptic ulcer the female to male ratio is 1:0,9. The seat of the ulcer is resulted to be in ratio of 1,4:1 more in the duodenal tract than in the gastric tract. The result are attributed to the increased secretion of the gastrointestinal hormones (Bombesin and Somatostatin) in the diabetic patients. However the neuromodulator of gastrointestinal hormones release is mediated of the Dorsal Motor nucleus of the Vagus nerve connected to the endocrine pancreas exclusively via vagal fibers and has a role in neurally mediated insulin release.

[Effects of ketanserin on glucose metabolism in hypertensive diabetic subjects]. / Studi degli effetti della ketanserina sul metabolismo glicidico in soggetti diabetici ipertesi.

In this report the Authors have verified the effects of Ketanserin on glycaemic metabolism of type II diabetic subjects with a moderately high blood pressure. They think that a therapeutic dose of drug is not able to considerably inhibit insulin production. The Authors can assert that the Ketanserin does not influence the glycaemic regulation by therapeutic dose, neither does it increase the diabetic disease, nor disturb the oral hypoglycaemic therapy though it normalizes high blood pressure.

[The effect of dilazep on circulating platelet aggregation in diabetics]. / Studio dell'azione del dilazep sugli aggregati piastrinici circolanti in diabetici.

The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the effect of the 1,4 bis [3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl-oxy) propyl] perhydro-1,4 diazepina (dilazep) on reduction of circulating platelet aggregates in 18 patients with type 2 diabetes, 13 female and 5 male, aged 25-65 years. Dilazep was orally given at 100 mg X 3/day for 8 weeks. The platelet activity has valued before and after the treatment trough the evaluation of circulating platelet aggregates with the method of Wu and Hoak. The results confirmed that the dilazep decreased statistically significant after 8 weeks the circulating aggregates.

[Changes in platelet production of malondialdehyde in diabetics treated with dilazep]. / Variazione della produzione piastrinica di MDA in diabetici trattati con dilazep.

We have investigated the effect of dilazep on the prostaglandin synthesis determined as indicator malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 25-65 years were orally given dilazep at 100 mg X 3/day for 56 daily. The platelet activity has valued before and after the treatment with the production of the MDA. We conclude that the dilazep inhibited statistically significant biosynthesis of prostaglandin endoperoxides from arachidonic acid.

[Evaluation of the effect of picotamide on platelet function in diabetic subjects]. / Valutazione degli effetti della picotamide sulla funzione piastrinica in soggetti diabetici.

In this study the Authors verify the results of Picotamide on platelet aggregation in diabetic subjects. The results suggest that Picotamide has no influence on insulin or oral treatment of diabetic subjects. However, it is certain that platelet aggregation by ADP or collagen decreases due to the effect on thromboxane probably because of the limitation of platelet receptors.