Nasal endoscopy and paranasal sinus computerised tomography (CT) findings in an Irish cystic fibrosis adult patient group.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common inherited disorder in Caucasians in Ireland having the highest reported incidence. CF has well-recognised clinical sequelae in several physiological systems. Its' impact on the sinonasal system is less well established. We evaluated symptoms, endoscopic and computerised tomographic (CT) findings in an Irish adult CF group with the aim of characterising the relationship between these clinical features in an Irish CF group. Adult CF patients attending a specialist clinic underwent prospective evaluation of sinonasal symptoms using a specifically designed questionnaire. They subsequently underwent nasoendoscopy and CT scanning of their paranasal sinuses. Abnormalities identified were quantified using established radiological (Lund-Mackay) and endoscopic (Lund-Kennedy) scoring systems. The relationship between symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), endoscopic findings and CT abnormalities were then compared. Sixty-three CF patients (n = 63) were studied. 29 patients had a CT scan. Thirty-three CF patients (52%) had no symptoms of CRS. Fifty CF patients (80% of CF group) had evidence of CRS on nasoendoscopy including thirteen patients (20%) with nasal polyposis. 98% of patients scanned have positive findings on CT scan. There was no significant difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic CF groups with respect to their Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score or their Lund-Mackay CT score. 86% demonstrated one or more hypoplastic sinus. There was no increased incidence of hypoplastic sinuses amongst Δf508 homozygotes than other mutation groups.

'Case reporting of rare adverse events in otolaryngology': can we defend the case report?

The study of errors in medicine has proliferated since the publication of The Institute of Medicine Report 'TO ERR IS HUMAN' in 2000. Case nuances and process of care issues are valuable areas to explore if the goal is to provide the health care worker with the knowledge to avoid future errors. Meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials provide a large data base of evidence towards improvement and opportunities, but it is suggested that case reports can still provide valuable clinical information. The aim is to use the published literature to produce a series of rare harm case reports in E.N.T. The methods include systematic literature review. Journals searched in PUBMED were 60. Rare harm case obtained from the search were 5,322. Rare harm case reports not reported in any other form of evidence-based medicine were 40. Yes, the case report can be defended as it is an important pillar of evidence-based medicine.

The role of subtotal petrosectomy in cochlear implantation.

BACKGROUND: Subtotal petrosectomy combined with cochlear implantation is a procedure required in specific situations. METHODS: A retrospective review of all cases of subtotal petrosectomy in cochlear implant surgery over a five-year period was performed. The indications, complications and outcomes for this procedure are outlined. RESULTS: Sixteen patients underwent cochlear implantation in combination with subtotal petrosectomy and blind sac closure of the external auditory meatus from 2008 to 2013. Seventy-five per cent of these were completed as a two-stage procedure and 25 per cent as a single-stage procedure. The most common indications for the procedure were chronic otitis media, previous radical cavity, and for surgical access in challenging anatomy or in drill-out procedures. Mastoids were obliterated with fat or musculoperiosteal flaps. The complication rate relating to blind sac closure was 6 per cent. Cochlear implants were successfully placed in all cases and there was no incidence of device failure. CONCLUSION: For patients with chronic suppurative otitis media or existing mastoid cavities, subtotal petrosectomy with blind sac closure of the external auditory canal, closure of the eustachian tube, and cavity obliteration is an effective technique to facilitate safe cochlear implantation.

Botulinum toxin A injection under electromyographic guidance for treatment of spasmodic dysphonia.

Spasmodic dysphonia is a disabling voice condition caused by a chronic neurological disorder of central motor processing. Present therapy is directed at relief of symptoms rather than cure. Botulinum toxin type A injection into the thyroarytenoid muscle has become the pre-eminent approach for treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Botulinum toxin A injections can be performed in an out-patient setting under electromyographic guidance. We present our experience with 153 injections in 14 patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia over a 10-year period. We demonstrate that the electromyography signal is a reliable prognostic indicator in terms of efficacy, and that patients' subjective opinion is a valid indicator of treatment success and future treatment strategy.

Assessment of healthcare professionals' knowledge of managing emergency complications in patients with a tracheostomy.

BACKGROUND: Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeons perform the majority of surgical tracheostomies. Intensive care anaesthetists are increasingly performing bedside percutaneous tracheostomy. The objectives of this study were to characterize emergency complications of tracheostomy and to ascertain healthcare professionals' knowledge of life-saving strategies for the patient with a tracheostomy. METHODS: Seventy staff members in two large teaching hospitals completed an interview questionnaire, comprising a simple clinical scenario and unambiguous questions regarding the emergency management of patients with a tracheostomy. RESULTS: There were significant gaps in knowledge among healthcare professionals regarding the management of specific tracheostomy-related emergencies. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of tracheostomy-related emergencies appears to be insufficient among non-ENT healthcare professionals. This needs to be addressed in order to maximize patient safety.