Mortality in sea lions is associated with the introduction of the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus in Brazil October 2023: whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus was detected in the South American sea lions found dead in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in October 2023. Whole genome sequencing and comparative phylogenetic analysis were conducted to investigate the origin, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potentials of the H5N1 viruses. The H5N1 viruses belonged to the genotype B3.2 of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus, which was identified in North America and disseminated to South America. They have acquired new amino acid substitutions related to mammalian host affinity. Our study provides insights into the genetic landscape of HPAI H5N1 viruses in Brazil, highlighting the continuous evolutionary processes contributing to their possible adaptation to mammalian hosts.

Short-Finned Pilot Whale Strandings Associated with Pilot Whale Morbillivirus, Brazil.

Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) causes illness and death in cetaceans worldwide; the CeMV strains circulating in the Southern Hemisphere are poorly known. We detected a pilot whale CeMV strain in 3 short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) stranded in Brazil during July-October 2020. Our results confirm this virus circulates in this species.

Ascocotyle longa (Digenea: Heterophyidae) infecting dolphins from the Atlantic Ocean.

We report for the first time the infection of dolphins with Ascocotyle longa found in the intestines of three different species, Sotalia guianensis, Steno bredanensis, and Tursiops truncatus gephyreus, which were found washed ashore along the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast. The worms were identified based on morphological and molecular data using the 28S rDNA gene and the COI gene. Specimens of A. longa from the pinniped Otaria flavescens were also analyzed. As the first isolation of A. longa from cetaceans, the present study increases the distribution area and range of definitive hosts of this trematode, and provides new molecular data to complement the phylogeny of the group in future studies, thus contributing to the scientific knowledge of this potentially zoonotic parasite.

Pathologic findings and causes of death in southern right whales Eubalaena australis, Brazil.

Southern right whales Eubalaena australis (SRWs) migrate to southern Brazil for breeding and calving from June through November. Overall, there is scarce knowledge on health status and pathologic conditions in SRWs. We report the pathologic and molecular investigation results of 8 SRWs that were necropsied between 2010 and 2017 within a breeding and calving ground in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The animals were of various ages (7 newborns/calves, 1 adult) and sex (3 females, 5 males). Five whales stranded dead; 3 stranded alive and died shortly after (n = 2) or were euthanized (n = 1). The causes of stranding and/or death were neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with meconium aspiration (n = 3) with concomitant congenital hepatopathy in one of them; trauma of unknown origin (n = 3), infectious renal and lung disease with presumed sepsis (n = 1), and euthanasia (n = 1). Three animals were PCR-positive for cetacean morbillivirus; one of them also had morbilliviral antigen in kidney via immunohistochemical analysis. These results, integrating novel findings and a published report, contribute to the pathology knowledge of this species.

Pulmonary and systemic fungal infections in an Atlantic spotted dolphin and a Bryde's whale, Brazil.

We report the gross and microscopic findings and molecular identification of 2 cases of hyphate fungal infection in cetaceans from Brazil. The first case involved an adult male Atlantic spotted dolphin Stenella frontalis with localized pulmonary disease characterized by pyogranulomatous and necrotizing bronchopneumonia with intralesional hyphae. The second case involved an adult male Bryde's whale Balaenoptera edeni with orchitis, periorchitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis and pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia with intralesional hyphae. PCR analysis from the dolphin's lung yielded Aspergillus fumigatus, and the fungus from the whale's mesenteric lymph node showed the greatest identity to Nanniziopsis obscura and Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum These cases represent the first reports of pulmonary aspergillosis by A. fumigatus in an Atlantic spotted dolphin and systemic mycosis by a possibly novel Onygenales in marine mammals.

Molecular identification and microscopic characterization of poxvirus in a Guiana dolphin and a common bottlenose dolphin, Brazil.

The poxviruses identified in cetaceans are associated with characteristic tattoo or ring skin lesions. However, little is known regarding the prevalence and progression of these lesions and the molecular characterization of cetacean poxviruses in the Southern Hemisphere. This manuscript describes the progression of poxvirus-like skin lesions in 5 free-ranging Guiana dolphins Sotalia guianensis. Additionally, 151 skin samples from 113 free-ranging cetaceans from Brazil, including 4 animals with tattoo skin lesions, were selected for poxvirus testing. Poxviral DNA polymerase gene PCR amplification was used to detect the virus in ß-actin-positive samples (145/151). DNA topoisomerase I gene PCR was then used in Cetaceanpoxvirus (CePV)-positive cases (n = 2), which were further evaluated by histopathology and electron microscopy. Based on photo-identification, adult Guiana dolphins presented regressing or healed poxvirus-like lesions (2/2), while juveniles presented persistent (2/3) or healed and progressive lesions (1/3). CePV DNA was amplified in a common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus and in a Guiana dolphin. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and viral particles consistent with poxvirus were identified by histology and electron microscopy, respectively. CePV-specific amino acid motifs were identified through phylogenetic analysis. Our findings corroborate previous studies that suggest the placement of poxviruses from cetaceans within the novel CePV genus. This is the first molecular identification of poxvirus in South American odontocetes.

ATLANTIC-CAMTRAPS: a dataset of medium and large terrestrial mammal communities in the Atlantic Forest of South America.

Our understanding of mammal ecology has always been hindered by the difficulties of observing species in closed tropical forests. Camera trapping has become a major advance for monitoring terrestrial mammals in biodiversity rich ecosystems. Here we compiled one of the largest datasets of inventories of terrestrial mammal communities for the Neotropical region based on camera trapping studies. The dataset comprises 170 surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammals using camera traps conducted in 144 areas by 74 studies, covering six vegetation types of tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of South America (Brazil and Argentina), and present data on species composition and richness. The complete dataset comprises 53,438 independent records of 83 species of mammals, includes 10 species of marsupials, 15 rodents, 20 carnivores, eight ungulates and six armadillos. Species richness averaged 13 species (±6.07 SD) per site. Only six species occurred in more than 50% of the sites: the domestic dog Canis familiaris, crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, tayra Eira barbara, south American coati Nasua nasua, crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus and the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus. The information contained in this dataset can be used to understand macroecological patterns of biodiversity, community, and population structure, but also to evaluate the ecological consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and trophic interactions.

Lacaziosis-like disease in Tursiops truncatus from Brazil: a histopathological and immunohistochemical approach.

Cetacean lacaziosis-like disease or lobomycosis-like disease (LLD) is a chronic skin condition caused by a non-cultivable yeast of the order Onygenales, which also includes Lacazia loboi, as well as Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii, respectively responsible for lacaziosis and paracoccidioidomycosis in humans. Complete identification and phylogenetic classification of the LLD etiological agent still needs to be elucidated, but preliminary phylogenetic analyses have shown a closer relationship of the LLD agent to Paracoccidioides spp. than to L. loboi. Cases of LLD in South American cetaceans based on photographic identification have been reported; however, to date, only 3 histologically confirmed cases of LLD have been described. We evaluated multiple tissue samples from 4 Tursiops truncatus stranded in the states of Santa Catarina (n = 3) and Rio Grande do Sul (n = 1), southern Brazil. Macroscopically, all animals presented lesions consistent with LLD. Hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Grocott's methenamine silver, and Mayer's mucicarmin stains were used for histological evaluation. Microscopically, numerous refractile yeasts (4-9 µm in diameter) were observed in skin samples (4/4), and for the first time in dolphins, also in a skeletal muscle abscess (1/4). Immunohistochemistry using anti-P. brasiliensis glycoprotein gp43 as a primary antibody, which is known to cross-react with L. loboi and the LLD agent, was performed and results were positive in all 4 cases. We describe 3 new cases of LLD in cetaceans based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. This is the first report of LLD in the muscle of cetaceans.

Safety and Efficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil Associated With Tacrolimus for Kidney-pancreas and Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Studies.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) associated with tacrolimus (TAC) in patients undergoing kidney-pancreas and kidney transplants, in comparison with cyclosporine (CyA), azathioprine (AZA), everolimus (EVL), sirolimus (SRL), manitimus (MAN), mizoribine (MZR), and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (ECMPS) in combination or monotherapy. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was performed. The outcomes comprised acute rejection, graft loss, and adverse events. RESULTS: Thirty studies were included. The main adverse events related to the TAC+MMF scheme were infection (36%; 95%CI: 26%-46%), including cytomegalovirus (CMV) (14%; 95%CI: 8%-20%); anemia (20%; 95%CI: 2%-37%); leukopenia (18%; 95%CI: 3%-33%); nausea (20%; 95%CI: 1%-39%); and diarrhea (26%; 95%CI:13%-40%). TAC+MMF was compared to the schemes AZA+TAC, CyA+AZA, CyA+MMF, CyA+SRL, ECMPS, EVL, MAN+TAC, MMF+SRL, MZR, TAC+AZA, TAC+EVR, TAC+MZR, TAC +SRL and TAC. TAC+MMF was associated with a lower risk of rejection than MMF monotherapy (RD: -0.24; 95%CI -0.46; -0.02). Comparing TAC+MMF with the other regimens, no significant difference was found for graft loss. TAC+MMF was associated with a higher risk of infections than MZR (RD: 0.174; 95%CI: 0.25; 0.323) and TAC monotherapy (RD: 0.07; 95%CI 0.003; 0.138). CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal and hematological adverse events and infections are the most common with TAC+MMF for kidney-pancreas and kidney. TAC+MMF effectively prevents acute cellular rejection, and alternatives with AZA, CyA, SRL, ECMPS, EVL, MAN, and MSR have similar efficacy and safety profiles. TAC monotherapy and MZR may be associated with a lower risk of infections.

Hematology and Serum Biochemistry of Coastal Seabirds Rehabilitated on the Southeastern and Southern Coast of Brazil.

Complete blood counts (n=566) and serum biochemistry (n=426) were assessed in seven coastal seabirds species that underwent rehabilitation along the southeastern and southern coast of Brazil from Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro State (22°56'16.44″S, 42°18'24.16″W) to Laguna, Santa Catarina State (28°29'43″S, 48°45'39.2″W), from August 2016 to August 2020. Blood samples were collected from four species of Charadriiformes, including Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus, n=136), South American Tern (Sterna hirundinacea, n=25), Cabot's Tern (Thalasseus acuflavidus, n=17), and Common Tern (Sterna hirundo, n=14) as well as three species of Suliformes, the Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster, n=212), Magnificent Frigatebird (Fregata magnificens, n=104), and Neotropic Cormorant (Nannopterum brasilianum, n=58). The individuals were sampled as part of the protocol required before their release into the wild when considered healthy. This work aimed to establish the normal hematologic and biochemical reference values of those seabird species and, when possible, to analyze variations among age class and sex and to compare those with the available data in the literature. In addition, we provide the first baseline data for the South American Tern, Cabot's Tern, and Neotropic Cormorant. Baseline hematologic data are crucial for assessing health status of individuals and to support management and conservation actions, including release of seabirds into the wild.

Regional movements of the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, off Northeastern Brazil: inferences regarding shark attack hazard.

An abnormally high shark attack rate verified off Recife could be related to migratory behavior of tiger sharks. This situation started after the construction of the Suape port to the south of Recife. A previous study suggested that attacking sharks could be following northward currents and that they were being attracted shoreward by approaching vessels. In this scenario, such northward movement pattern could imply a higher probability of sharks accessing the littoral area of Recife after leaving Suape. Pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on five tiger sharks caught off Recife to assess their movement patterns off northeastern Brazil. All tags transmitted from northward latitudes after 7-74 days of freedom. The shorter, soak distance between deployment and pop-up locations ranged between 33-209 km and implied minimum average speeds of 0.02-0.98 km.h-1. Both pop-up locations and depth data suggest that tiger shark movements were conducted mostly over the continental shelf. The smaller sharks moved to deeper waters within 24 hours after releasing, but they assumed a shallower (< 50 m) vertical distribution for most of the monitoring period. While presenting the first data on tiger shark movements in the South Atlantic, this study also adds new information for the reasoning of the high shark attack rate verified in this region.

The deep dive of organohalogen compounds: Bioaccumulation in the top predators of mesopelagic trophic webs, pygmy and dwarf sperm whales, from the Southwestern Atlantic ocean.

Kogia sima and Kogia breviceps are apex predators of mesopelagic trophic webs being far from most anthropogenic threats. However, chemical pollutants and naturally synthesized compounds may travel long distances. This study aimed to use kogiid whales as sentinels of mesopelagic trophic webs in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and metabolites, mirex, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB) and hexabromobenzene (HBB), and the naturally produced methoxylated BDE (MeO-BDEs) were determined in the blubber of 16 K. sima and 15 K. breviceps. Among the organochlorine compounds, DDTs were the main group found in K. sima and in K. breviceps (1636.6 and 3983.3 ng g-1 lw, respective medians), followed by PCBs (425.9 and 956.1 ng g-1 lw, respectively), mirex (184.1 and 375.6 ng g-1 lw, respectively), and HCB (132.4 and 340.3 ng g-1 lw, respectively). As for the organobromine, the natural MeO-BDEs were predominant (1676.7 and 501.6 ng g-1 lw, respectively), followed by PBDEs (13.6 and 10.3 ng g-1 lw, respectively) and PBEB (2.2 and 2.9 ng g-1 lw, respectively). In general, POPs concentration was higher in K. breviceps than in K. sima. Conversely, MeO-BDEs concentration was higher in K. sima than in K. breviceps. Differences in concentrations in these sympatric odontocetes were attributed to distinct species, sampling sites, and biological parameters and suggest some level of niche segregation. It is noteworthy the long-range reach and bioaccumulation of these synthetic compounds in an unexplored habitat, that present an increasing economic interest.

Microarray gene expression profiles from mature gonad tissues of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus in the Gulf of Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Bluefin tunas are highly prized pelagic fish species representing a significant economic resource to fisheries throughout the world. Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) populations have significantly declined due to overexploitation. As a consequence of their value and population decline, T. thynnus has been the focus of considerable research effort concerning many aspects of their life history. However, in-depth understanding of T. thynnus reproductive biology is still lacking. Knowledge of reproductive physiology is a very important tool for determining effective fisheries and aquaculture management. Transcriptome techniques are proving powerful and provide novel insights into physiological processes. Construction of a microarray from T. thynnus ESTs sourced from reproductive tissues has provided an ideal platform to study the reproductive physiology of bluefin tunas. The aim of this investigation was to compare transcription profiles from the ovaries and testes of mature T. thynnus to establish sex specific variations underlying their reproductive physiology. RESULTS: Male and females T. thynnus gonad tissues were collected from the wild and histologically staged. Sub-samples of sexually mature tissues were also measured for their mRNA differential expression among the sexes using the custom microarray design BFT 4X44K. A total of 7068 ESTs were assessed for differential expression of which 1273 ESTs were significantly different (p<0.05) with >2 fold change in expression according to sex. Differential expression for 13 of these ESTs was validated with quantitative PCR. These include genes involved in egg envelope formation, hydration, and lipid transport/accumulation more highly expressed in ovaries compared with testis, while genes involved in meiosis, sperm motility and lipid metabolism were more highly expressed in testis compared with ovaries. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation has furthered our knowledge of bluefin tunas reproductive biology by using a contemporary transcriptome approach. Gene expression profiles in T. thynnus sexually mature testes and ovaries were characterized with reference to gametogenesis and potential alternative functions. This report is the first application of microarray technology for bluefin tunas and demonstrates the efficacy by which this technique may be used for further characterization of specific biological aspects for this valuable teleost fish.

Heterologous hybridization to a complementary DNA microarray reveals the effect of thermal acclimation in the endothermic bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis).

The temperature stress that pelagic fishes experience can induce physiological and behavioural changes that leave a signature in gene expression profiles. We used a functional genomics approach to identify genes that were up- or down-regulated following thermal stress in the Pacific bluefin tuna. Following the acclimation period, 113, 81 and 196 genes were found to be differentially expressed between the control (20 degrees C) and cold (15 degrees) treatment groups, in ventricle, red muscle and white muscle, respectively. The genes whose expression levels were responsive to thermal acclimation varied according to muscle fibre type, perhaps reflecting the tissue-specific degrees of endothermy characteristic of this species.

Cetacean morbillivirus in Southern Right Whales, Brazil.

Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) has caused repeated epizootics and interepizootic fatalities in a variety of cetacean species worldwide. Recently, a novel CeMV strain (GD-CeMV) was linked to a mass die-off of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in Brazil. Southern right whales (SRWs; Eubalaena australis) migrate to the southern Brazilian coast during austral winter and spring (June through November) for breeding and calving. Because unexplained high calf mortality rates have recurrently been documented in SRWs, we hypothesized they could be infected with CeMV. We developed a novel real-time RT-PCR method based on SYBR® GREEN for detection of CeMV and identified the virus in three out of five stranded SRWs from Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The partial sequences of the morbillivirus phosphoprotein gene suggest that the virus is similar to the GD-CeMV strain. Our results indicate CeMV can infect SRWs and should be considered in the differential aetiologic diagnosis of infectious diseases in this species. It also raises concern for potential conservation implications for this species in its main coastal breeding area off Southern Brazil.

Novel and highly sensitive SYBR® Green real-time pcr for poxvirus detection in odontocete cetaceans.

Poxviruses are emerging pathogens in cetaceans, temporarily named 'Cetaceanpoxvirus' (CePV, family Poxviridae), classified into two main lineages: CePV-1 in odontocetes and CePV-2 in mysticetes. Only a few studies performed the molecular detection of CePVs, based on DNA-polymerase gene and/or DNA-topoisomerase I gene amplification. Herein we describe a new real-time PCR assay based on SYBR® Green and a new primer set to detect a 150 bp fragment of CePV DNA-polymerase gene, also effective for conventional PCR detection. The novel real-time PCR was able to detect 5 up to 5 × 106 copies per reaction of a cloned positive control. Both novel PCR methods were 1000 to 100,000-fold more sensitive than those previously described in the literature. Samples of characteristic poxvirus skin lesions ('tattoo') from one Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus), two striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and two Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) were all positive to both our novel real time- and conventional PCR methods, even though three of these animals (a Risso's dolphin, a striped dolphin, and a Guiana dolphin) were previously negative to the conventional PCRs previously available. To our knowledge, this is the first real-time PCR detection method for Cetaceanpoxvirus, a much more sensitive tool for the detection of CePV-1 infections.

Estudo de uma intervenção remota com adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade na pandemia do COVID-19 / Estudio de una intervención remota con adolescentes vulnerables en la pandemia COVID-19 / Study of a remote intervention with vulnerable adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic / Etude d'une intervention à distance auprès d'adolescents vulnérables dans la pandémie COVID-19

Amparada nos conceitos de biopolítica e necropolítica,e na psicanálise lacaniana, a pesquisa busca refletir sobre os efeitos da pandemia nos adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade participantes do projeto Desembola na Ideia. A (não) implicação dos adolescentes nas medidas de proteção contra o vírus exigiu a criação de espaços virtuais para oficinas e acolhimento para que houvesse uma via de endereçamento da angústia dos jovens. Além disso, analisa os modos de subjetivação que foram suscitados na experiência de atenção psicossocial nos grupos remotos durante esse período. Como metodologia, utilizam-se vinhetas clínicas colhidas nos grupos e discutidas em três categorias de análise. O atendimento remoto apresentou uma função de "prótese" para a manutenção de algo do laço social, diante do desamparo colocado pela pandemia e pela violência já vivida pelos adolescentes

Anclado en los conceptos de biopolítica y necropolítica, y psicoanálisis lacaniano, la investigación tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre los efectos de la pandemia en adolescentes vulnerables, que forman parte del proyecto Desembola da Ideia. La (no) implicación de los adolescentes en las medidas de protección contra el virus requirió la creación de espacios virtuales para los talleres y su recepción, que sirvieran de canal para atendersu ansiedad. Además, analiza los modos de subjetivación que fueron evocados en la experiencia de atención psicosocial en grupos remotos durante este período. Se utilizan como metodología viñetas clínicas recopiladas de los grupos remotos y discutidas en tres categorías de análisis. Así, la atención a distancia sirvió de "prótesis" para mantener algo del vínculo social, ante el abandono impuesto por la pandemia y la violencia ya vivida por estos adolescentes

Anchored in the concepts of biopolitics and necropolitics, and Lacanian psychoanalysis, the research aims to reflect on the effects of the pandemic on vulnerable adolescents, who are part of the project Desembola da Ideia.The (non) implication of the adolescents in the protection measures against the virus required the creation of virtual spaces for workshops and their reception, to serve as a channel to address their anxiety. Moreover, it analyzes the modes of subjectification that were evoked in the experience of psychosocial care in remote groups during this period.Clinical vignettes gathered from the remote groups and discussed in three categories of analysis are used as a methodology. Thus, the remote care served as "prosthesis" to maintain something of the social bond, in face of the abandonment imposed by the pandemic and the violence already lived by these teenagers

Ancrée dans les concepts de biopolitique et nécropolitique, et de psychanalyse lacanienne, la recherche vise à réfléchir sur les effets de la pandémie sur les adolescents vulnérables, qui font partie du projet Desembola da Ideia. La (non) implication des adolescents dans les mesures de protection contre le virus a nécessité la création d'espaces virtuels pour les ateliers et leur accueil, pour servir de canal pour répondre à leur anxiété. De plus, il analyse les modes de subjectivation qui ont été évoqués dans l'expérience de prise en charge psychosociale dans des groupes éloignés pendant cette période. Des vignettes cliniques recueillies auprès des groupes éloignés et discutées dans trois catégories d'analyse sont utilisées comme méthodologie. Ainsi, la prise en charge à distance a servi de «prothèse¼ pour maintenir quelque chose du lien social, face à l'abandon imposé par la pandémie et la violence déjà vécue par ces adolescents.

O sintoma social na psicanálise: da democracia à anomia / The social symptom in psychoanalysis: from democracy to anomie

Resumo: A psicanálise, ao modificar radicalmente o estatuto do sujeito, a partir da noção de "inconsciente", produziu uma teoria inédita do vínculo social e da cultura. Tomando por princípio o texto social de Freud, Totem e tabu, pretendemos demonstrar o entendimento da democracia com base nesse texto fundante, para, em seguida, apresentarmos seus desdobramentos e seus afetos também em Psicologia das massas e análise do Eu. A noção de "anomia" será apresentada para se compreender os feitos da ausência de um Estado Democrático de Direito. Essa articulação culminará na ideia de anomia como sintoma social.

Abstract:. Psychoanalysis, by radically changing the status of the subject from the notion of the "unconscious", produced an unprecedented theory of the social bond and culture. Starting from the first social text of Freud, Totem and Taboo, we intend to demonstrate the understanding of democracy based on founding text and then present its unfolding and its affections from Group Psychology and the analysis of the Ego. The notion of "anomie" will be presented to understand the feats of the absence of a Democratic State of Right. This articulation will culminate in the idea of anomie together with the consequences of a social symptom in the contemporaneity.

Algumas considerações sobre o objeto na psicanálise de Winnicott e Lacan: do objeto transicional ao objeto pequeno a / Some thoughts about the psychoanalysis object of Winnicott and Lacan: from the transitional object to the little a object

Este trabalho busca demonstrar a construção winnicottiana do objeto transicional para, em seguida, percorrer o caminho que leva ao objeto pequeno a desenvolvido por Jacques Lacan. A legalidade desta comparação é plausível se levarmos em consideração as referências de Lacan a Winnicott no seu Seminário, livro 4: a relação de objeto. O psicanalista francês abre caminho para esta aproximação porque o objeto transicional, assim como também o objeto pequeno a, não pertence à mãe e tampouco ao bebê. Procura-se na obra de Winnicott e de Jacques Lacan evidenciar o lugar de não pertencimento dos dois objetos.(AU)

This work searches the construction of Winnicott of his transitional object. Following this issue, this work will be led to the object little a developed by Jacques Lacan. The legacy of these two conceptions is the lacanian reference to Winnicott. The French psychoanalyst opens one possibility for this comparison because both objects don’t belong either to the mother or to the child. We will attempt showing that this object is not part of anyone. Then we will determinate this object’s clinical character.(AU)

Formas de mal-estar no campo da educação: sintoma, inibição e angústia nos fracassos escolares / Forms of discontents in the field of education: symptom, inhibition and anguish in the failures in school / Formas de mal-estar en el ámbito de la educación: el síntoma, la inhibición y angustia en las fallas en la escuela

A cientificização das dificuldades de aprendizagem durante o processo de construção de conhecimento vem produzindo uma segregação no ambiente escolar. Nos dias atuais, é bastante comum a interpretação dos sintomas, dos fracassos e dos impasses na transmissão estarem ligadas à sua disfunção cognitiva e médicas sem levar em consideração a perspectiva psicanalítica destas dificuldades. A consequência desta prática é a segregação que acaba produzindo o "aluno problema". Sendo assim, pretendemos demonstrar como os problemas de aprendizagem estão sendo tratados se levarmos em consideração uma abordagem médica que não trata da questão libidinal no processo da aprendizagem.(AU)

The scientification of learning difficulties during the process of knowledge construction has produced a segregation in school environment. Nowadays, it is quite common that interpretation of symptoms, failures and deadlocks in the transmission are linked to their medical and cognitive dysfunction regardless of the psychoanalytic perspective of these difficulties. The consequence of this practice is the segregation that ends up producing the "problem student". Therefore, we intend to demonstrate how learning problems are being addressed if we consider a medical approach that does not address the libidinal issue in the learning process.(AU)

La cientifización de dificultades de aprendizaje durante el proceso de construcción del conocimiento ha producido una segregación en el ámbito escolar. Hoy en día, es muy común que la interpretación de los síntomas, los fracasos y los puntos muertos en la transmisión están vinculados a su médico y disfunción cognitiva, independientemente de la perspectiva psicoanalítica de estas dificultades. La consecuencia de esta práctica es la segregación que termina produciendo el "alumno problema". Por lo tanto, tenemos la intención de demostrar cómo los problemas de aprendizaje se están abordando si tenemos en cuenta un enfoque médico que no aborda la cuestión libidinal en el proceso de aprendizaje.(AU)