Evaluation of the Usability of the Immunization Information System in Brazil: A Mixed-Method Study.

Introduction: Usability is a quality attribute that can evaluate the ease of use of user interfaces, based on standards called usability heuristics. Objective: To evaluate the usability components of the Brazilian Immunization Information System (IIS), focusing on the users and their interaction and agility with the interfaces. Materials and Methods: It was a concomitant and convergent mixed-method study that used a cross-sectional design for the quantitative approach and the indirect method of heuristic evaluation for the qualitative approach. Participants were 137 nursing professionals working in vaccination rooms, who completed a structured questionnaire on standards of usability quality, and 4 specialists in information technology, who used a semistructured form to carry out a software inspection. Descriptive and inferential statistics and the heuristic inspection were used for the analyses. Results: The evaluation resulted in 10 violated heuristics and identified 14 usability problems on the 68 screens of the IIS. The system presented simple usability problems (grade 2 severity), which can be repaired, with a low correction priority. The heuristics best evaluated were error prevention (3.03 ± 0.54) and help and documentation (3.00 ± 0.68); and the worst evaluated was visibility of system status, with a mean of 2.62 ± 0.55. Professionals with a technical education level presented a higher score on the scales for the recognition rather than recall heuristic when compared with the nurses (2.77 ± 0.49 vs. 3.67 ± 0.66, p = 0.003). Conclusion: The system provides easy access for users, however, has weaknesses in its ability to allow the users to easily achieve their goals of interaction with the interface.

Factors related to the adoption of the Brazilian National Immunization Program Information System.

BACKGROUND: One way to optimize the adoption and use of technological innovations is to understand how those involved perceive, assess and decide to use them. This study aims to analyze the attributes that influence the adoption and use of the Brazilian National Immunization Program Information System (NIPIS) from the perspective of vaccination room workers. METHODS: This is a mixed method research, and a quantitative cross-sectional analytical study, with concomitant triangulation of data, carried out in a region of Brazil by using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory. We used a questionnaire with 183 nursing professionals who work at vaccination rooms in 12 municipalities. To test the research model, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and SmartPLS 2.3.0 have been applied to estimate the model. The qualitative research had a descriptive-exploratory character, using interviews (n = 18) analyzed through thematic analysis. RESULTS: The model proposed showed a mean correlation between the perceived attributes in the adoption and use of NIPIS. The results of the multiple regression indicated that the attributes "relative advantage" and "image" have a significant effect at 5% level (T > 1.97), positively influence the adoption and use of NIPIS; the attribute "voluntary use" negatively influences the adoption and use of the system; the attributes "experimentation", "compatibility", "profitability", and "ease of use" did not influence the adoption and use of NIPIS. Emphasis has been placed on aspects that weaken the adoption and use of NIPIS such as lack of good quality internet and resistance to use the technology by some professionals. Workers perceive the importance of NIPIS for the municipality and point out that technological innovation provides data at an individual level, inserted in real time, which makes it possible to assess vaccination coverage. Lack of an unstable internet compromises data release due to system slowness. CONCLUSIONS: The mixed method allowed an in-depth analysis of the adoption and use of NIPIS in the Western Health Macroregion of Minas Gerais State, and similarities were observed in the results. The attribute "relative advantage" is the one that most influences the adoption and use of NIPIS, which is the strongest predictor of innovation adoption rate.

National Immunization Program Information System: implementation context assessment.

BACKGROUND: The National Immunization Program Information System (SIPNI - Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunização) in Brazil is a technological innovation management tool that enhances the performance of managers and health professionals in the evaluation and monitoring of immunization activities. In the country, the decentralization of the System is at an advanced stage, but it still faces challenges regarding its operation and use, impacting on its results. This study aims to evaluate the deployment of SIPNI in the state of Minas Gerais, in 2017. METHOD: Cross-section study performed in Primary Healthcare vaccination rooms in 54 municipalities in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, in 2017. A multidimensional questionnaire was used with nursing professionals who work in vaccination rooms, containing questions about the structure (presence of an internet-connected computer, instruction manual, software version, IT professional for technical support, trained healthcare professional, use of communication channels to obtain system information) and the process (activities performed by the staff to operate the immunization information system) of their work. Those questions refer to the components of the information system: system management, immunized-patient records, and Movement of Immunobiological. Implementation Degree (ID) was defined by a score system with different weights for each criterion, according to the importance level observed in it, with a rating of: adequate, partially adequate, inadequate and critically inadequate. For data analysis, median was used as the summary measure, and Pearson's Chi-Squared Test was used for proportion comparison. RESULTS: Municipal SIPNI is not adequately implemented and that results mainly from the actions performed in health service units, indicating problems in the use of technology by professionals working in vaccination rooms. The structure was better evaluated than the process, presenting IDs of 70.9 and 59.5%, respectively. Insufficient internet access, inadequate use of communication channels, and lack of professional qualification were some of the identified structural issues. "Movement of Immunobiological" was the best-ranked component (ID = 68.5%), followed by "immunized patient records" (ID = 59.3%) and "SIPNI management" (ID = 50.7%). Partial performance of SIPNI is independent of population size in the municipality and of FSH coverage. CONCLUSIONS: SIPNI is still an underutilized technological innovation. There are challenges that must be overcome, such as implementation of the final web version, internet connectivity, and capabilities aimed at the use of information generated by technology. Nevertheless, perspectives regarding SIPNI are positive, with functionalities to optimize activities in vaccination rooms.

COVID-19 Infodemic and Impacts on the Mental Health of Older People: Cross-sectional Multicenter Survey Study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic received widespread media coverage due to its novelty, an early lack of data, and the rapid rise in deaths and cases. This excessive coverage created a secondary "infodemic" that was considered to be a serious public and mental health problem by the World Health Organization and the international scientific community. The infodemic particularly affected older individuals, specifically those who are vulnerable to misinformation due to political positions, low interpretive and critical analysis capacity, and limited technical-scientific knowledge. Thus, it is important to understand older people's reaction to COVID-19 information disseminated by the media and the effect on their lives and mental health. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the profile of exposure to COVID-19 information among older Brazilian individuals and the impact on their mental health, perceived stress, and the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). METHODS: This cross-sectional, exploratory study surveyed 3307 older Brazilians via the web, social networks, and email between July 2020 and March 2021. Descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis were performed to estimate associations of interest. RESULTS: Major proportions of the 3307 participants were aged 60 to 64 years (n=1285, 38.9%), female (n=2250, 68.4%), and married (n=1835, 55.5%) and self-identified as White (n=2364, 71.5%). Only 295 (8.9%) had never started or completed a basic education. COVID-19 information was mainly accessed on television (n=2680, 81.1%) and social networks (n=1943, 58.8%). Television exposure was ≥3 hours in 1301 (39.3%) participants, social network use was 2 to 5 hours in 1084 (32.8%) participants, and radio exposure was ≥1 hour in 1223 (37%) participants. Frequency of exposure to social networks was significantly associated with perceived stress (P=.04) and GAD (P=.01). A Bonferroni post hoc test revealed significantly different perceived stress in participants who were exposed to social networks for 1 hour (P=.04) and those who had no exposure (P=.04). A crude linear regression showed that "some" social media use (P=.02) and 1 hour of exposure to social media (P<.001) were associated with perceived stress. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables revealed no associations with this outcome variable. In a crude logistic regression, some social media use (P<.001) and 2 to 5 hours of exposure to social media (P=.03) were associated with GAD. Adjusting for the indicated variables showed that some social network use (P<.001) and 1 hour (P=.04) and 2 to 5 hours (P=.03) of exposure to social media were associated with GAD. CONCLUSIONS: Older people, especially women, were often exposed to COVID-19-related information through television and social networks; this affected their mental health, specifically GAD and stress. Thus, the impact of the infodemic should be considered during anamnesis for older people, so that they can share their feelings about it and receive appropriate psychosocial care.

Infodemic of covid-19 and repercussions on the mental health of the elderly from São Paulo.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize and identify depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress associated with the COVID-19 Infodemic in the elderly from São Paulo. METHOD: Exploratory and cross-sectional study with the elderly in the capital of São Paulo who had internet access. The sociodemographic profile, the COVID-19 infodemic, depressive symptoms, stress, and anxiety were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 411 older people participated in the study. There was a predominance of women (76.4%), with higher education (57.9%), using private health services, and with little income variation. Older people were more exposed to news or information about COVID-19 on the internet (45.3%), followed by television (34.5%), and radio (11.4%). The average stress was 19.96 points; 33.1% had anxiety, and 39.7% had depressive symptoms. The greater the number of people living with the elderly, the greater the stress (p = 0.001) and anxiety (p = 0.02). The hours of exposure to information on the internet led to stress (p = 0.001), depressive symptoms (p = 0.02), and anxiety (p = 0.02) in the elderly. CONCLUSION: During the pandemic, exposure to information on the internet triggered anxiety, stress, and depressive symptoms in the elderly. The findings highlight the need for multi and interdisciplinary interventions to mitigate such repercussions on the elderly's health.

Control of airborne particles in surgical procedures during the Covid-19 pandemic: scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To map the technical and managerial strategies for the management and reduction of airborne particles production in surgical procedures settings during the Covid-19 pandemic. METHOD: Scoping review, according to the Joana Briggs Institute methodology, based on documents indexed in MEDLINE, VHL, CINAHL Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature, published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. All studies from indexed scientific journals and recommendations published by international agencies or academic associations from 2019 to January 2022 were considered. Findings were summarized and analyzed using descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were selected, 19 of which were published in English, two in Spanish, one in Portuguese, with a predominance of literature reviews. Findings were categorized into recommendations for the environment, the team, and the surgical technique. CONCLUSION: The review mapped the technical and managerial strategies for the management and reduction of the airborne particles production in surgical procedures settings. They involve from the use of personal protective equipment, training, anesthetic modality, airway manipulation, to the execution of the surgical technique.

Are symptoms of depression and anxiety in nursing students associated with their sociodemographic characteristics?

OBJECTIVE: to investigate symptoms of depression and anxiety and their association with the sociodemographic characteristics of undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: a cross-sectional analytical study carried out with students from the Faculty of Nursing at Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora from June to July 019. Data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. RESULTS: 192 students participated, with a mean age of 21.44 (±3.56) years. 85.93% of participants were female. The mean depression score was 22.40 (±12.35), and anxiety was 17.56 (±11.98). There was a difference in the mean of the scales for sex and psychotropic drugs (p<0.05). Women presented moderate and severe classification for both scales. Severe symptoms prevailed among students from the 6th to the 10th semester (18.22%). CONCLUSION: there was an association between depression and anxiety symptoms related to gender and psychotropic drugs.

COVID-19 infodemic and adult and elderly mental health: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: to map scientific knowledge about the repercussions of the infodemic on adult and elderly mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: this is a scoping review, developed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, which included 33 articles. These articles were analyzed according to average age, gender and education level; place and period of the studies; exposure time to COVID-19 information; main signs and symptoms related to mental health; main sources of information; suggestions for mitigating the effects of the infodemic; and knowledge gaps. RESULTS: the most present repercussions of the infodemic on the adult and elderly mental health were anxiety, depression and stress, and the most affected group was young adults and females. CONCLUSION: future studies with more robust designs are needed to investigate the repercussions of the infodemic on people's mental health in the medium and long term, as well as to assess the effects, feasibility, cost-benefit and meaning of interventions in population groups, especially in the elderly population.

Management of home care by family caregivers to elderly after hospital discharge.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the management of home care by family caregivers of dependent elderly people after hospital discharge. METHODS: Qualitative research guided by hermeneutics-dialectic, anchored in the theory of communicative action. Data collection took place using a semi-structured interview with 11 participants. RESULTS: Two categories were constructed: Management of the many types of care by the caregiver and the relationship between family caregiver and health care network. Care and management actions carried out routinely cause major changes in the family caregiver's life. He/she does not recognize planning, home care periodicity or support in required procedures. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The management of home care for dependent elderly people after hospital discharge is complex, involving physical and emotional overloads, as well as difficulties in getting support from health services. The planning shared between the health team and the family since the discharge is required, and the better visibility of the role of primary care when the patient is assisted by a home care service.

Everyday life in nursing work under the Michel de Certeau's perspective.

OBJECTIVE: to reflect on the everyday life in nursing work based on Michel de Certeau's theorization. RESULTS: everyday life in nursing work is permeated by tactics of subjects who practice the place. Their movements escape standards, protocols and rules, re-signifying the cultural system defined beforehand. There is a practice proper to professionals who (re)invent the care based on their intentions and pressures. Patients/users also move, create their own itinerary and, similarly to professionals, use strategies to achieve specific results in the therapeutic process. CONCLUSION: to think on the everyday life in nursing work as an object of research requires to consider the care (re)invention in every act in health care. We need to dive into the invisible dimension of the uncontrollable tactics of subjects that re-signify the social system.

Evaluation of digital vaccine card in nursing practice in vaccination room.

OBJECTIVE: develop and evaluate a vaccine application for mobile devices, with update integrated with the National Immunization Program Information System, for care in vaccination rooms. METHOD: methodological research based on the Pressman System Development Life Cycle theory developed in three stages: integrative literature review, computational development, and application evaluation. The product was evaluated as to satisfaction, using a validated questionnaire, and as to usability by the System Usability Scale. RESULTS: the application functionalities were based on the survey of technological Innovations on immunization, published in the scientific literature. It displays user vaccines directly from the National Immunization Program Information System, notifies about upcoming vaccines, and enables the inclusion of vaccine cards of dependents. The evaluation resulted in users' mean score of 90.5 ± 11.1 and health professionals' mean score of 84.2 ± 19.4. CONCLUSION: the application is a technological tool with potential to improve the work process in vaccination rooms and to reach the goals of vaccine coverage. It synchronizes data with the National Immunization Program Information System, thus enabling the maintenance of people's vaccination history.

Computerization of primary health care in Brazil: the network of actors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the network of human and non-human actors involved in the computerization of primary health care in the Brazilian federal government. METHOD: A qualitative study that used as a theoretical reference the actor-network theory and as a methodological reference the cartography of controversies. Data analysis was carried out using Gephi software, and through the extraction of reports, informed by the actor-network theory. RESULTS: We found a network of 288 connections among 33 actors, composed mainly of nonhuman influencers of computerization. These actors are distributed throughout 3 inter-related communities, and manage the network by defining obligations, penalties, conflicts and intentionalities, thus influencing the success of the intended computerization. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The network of actors at the federal level generates situations that, in many cases, hamper the successful implementation of a nationwide computerization strategy.

Evaluation study of the National Immunization Program Information System.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out the National Immunization Program Information System (SIPNI) accessability assessment (EA), considering the description of the intervention, the elaboration of the theoretical-logical model and the identification of the evaluative questions. METHOD: A single case study with a qualitative approach, based on the system of seven elements proposed by Thurston and Ramaliu (2005). The SIPNI and the context of analysis, the vaccination rooms, were defined as the case. RESULTS: The SIPNI description, based on documents and scientific evidence, made it possible to understand its operationalization, the main events that characterize it. The theoretical-logical model visually and systematically configured the SIPNI organization with details of the inputs, activities, products and expected effects. The evaluative questions were evaluated and validated to evaluate the SIPNI. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The SIPNI is evaluable and presented a favorable scenario for its development. EA is an important strategy for planning subsequent evaluations, maximizing their potentials.

Diffusion of the e-SUS Primary Care innovation in Family Health Teams.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diffusion of e-SUS Primary Care innovation in Family Health Teams. METHOD: A qualitative approach case study, based on Innovation Diffusion Theory and Technology Acceptance Model. We conducted 62 interviews and observation of professionals from Family Health Teams in six municipalities of Minas Gerais State, between March 2016 and January 2017. The data were treated through Categorical Thematic Content Analysis and, systematized, with Atlas.ti software . RESULTS: It was verified that although the e-SUS Primary Care strategy is recognized as a technological innovation, situations predominate that weaken its acceptance as: incompatibilities with the work process; sudden deployment, poor training; work overload; resistance; and negative impacts on health care. CONCLUSION: The diffusion of the e-SUS Primary Care strategy as a technological innovation has presented potential situations of its rejection, conforming as challenges to be overcome.

Modelagem de sistema especialista para avaliação multidimensional de pessoas idosas / Expert system modeling for the multidimensional evaluation of aged people / Diseño de un sistema experto para la evaluación multidimensional del adulto mayor

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a modelagem de um Sistema Especialista para Avaliação Multidimensional de pessoas idosas. Método: realizado no período de abril de 2021 a setembro de 2022, sendo conduzido por pesquisadores de universidades do interior de Minas Gerais - Brasil. Percorreu-se pelas etapas: revisão de literatura, levantamento dos requisitos para o Sistema, modelagem e implementação. Resultados: o Sistema possibilita avaliação dos aspectos físico, psicossocial e funcional, identifica as necessidades geriátrico-gerontológicas e as classifica de acordo com níveis de gravidade, além de oferecer sugestões de intervenções terapêuticas. As informações geradas podem ser compartilhadas por meio de mensageiros instantâneos através de aplicativos, dando base para o desenvolvimento de um painel de monitoramento das pessoas idosas assistidas no município. Conclusão: o Sistema se apresenta como uma solução tecnológica dada a importância da avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa no âmbito do cuidado a essa população e a carência de soluções tecnológicas para realizar a avaliação.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the modeling of an Expert System for the Multidimensional Evaluation of aged people. Method: the study was carried out from April 2021 to September 2022 by researchers from universities in the inland of Minas Gerais - Brazil. The following stages were conducted: literature review; survey of the System requirements; modeling; and implementation. Results: the System makes it possible to assess the physical, psychosocial and functional aspects; it identifies the geriatric-gerontological needs and classifies them according to severity levels, in addition to offering suggestions for therapeutic interventions. The diverse information generated can be shared through instant messengers via apps, providing the basis for the development of a monitoring panel for aged people assisted in the municipality. Conclusion: the System presents itself as a technological solution given the importance of the multidimensional evaluation of aged people within the scope of care for this population segment and the lack of technological solutions to carry out the assessment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el diseño de un Sistema Experto para la Evaluación Multidimensional del adulto mayor. Método: estudio realizado, de abril de 2021 a septiembre de 2022, por investigadores de universidades del interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Pasó por los pasos: revisión de la literatura, relevamiento de los requisitos del Sistema, diseño e implementación. Resultados: el Sistema permite evaluar aspectos físicos, psicosociales y funcionales, identifica necesidades geriátrico-gerontológicas y las clasifica según el nivel de gravedad, además ofrece sugerencias de intervenciones terapéuticas. La información generada podrá ser compartida a través de mensajería instantánea mediante aplicaciones, y sentará las bases para el desarrollo de un panel de seguimiento de los adultos mayores atendidos en el municipio. Conclusión: el Sistema es una solución tecnológica dada la importancia que tiene la evaluación multidimensional del adulto mayor en el ámbito de la atención de esta población y la falta de soluciones tecnológicas para realizar la evaluación.

Avaliação multidimensional de pessoas idosas na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma revisão de escopo / Multidimensional geriatric assessment in primary care: a scoping review

Resumo Objetivo mapear as publicações referentes à avaliação multidimensional de pessoas idosas no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo desenvolvida utilizando a metodologia Resultados foi incluída uma amostra total de 19 evidências para análise qualitativa, de variados delineamentos, com predominância do tipo transversal e em sua maioria na língua inglesa. Verificaram-se três dimensões que compõem a avaliação; instrumentos desenvolvidos aplicáveis à Atenção Primária; dois tipos de tecnologias da informação utilizadas para instrumentalizar a avaliação e achados relevantes sobre a prática. Conclusão esta revisão encontrou propostas de ferramentas construídas a partir de diversos instrumentos existentes. Devem ser criadas estratégias para atender aos idosos de forma rápida e factível. Foram verificados domínios prevalentes presentes nos instrumentos, constituindo-se como importantes quando se pensa em avaliar amplamente e de forma específica a população idosa.

Abstract Objective to map the publications on multidimensional geriatric assessment in the primary care setting. Method A scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was carried out on the databases Web of Science, Scopus, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude (LILACS). The studies addressed the population of older people aged ≥60 years, the concept of multidimensional assessment and the primary care setting. Results a total sample of 19 publications was included for qualitative analysis. The studies selected were of different designs (predominantly cross-sectional) and most were in English. The evaluation comprised three dimensions; instruments developed applicable to primary care; two types of information technologies used to support the evaluation; and the relevant findings about the practice. Conclusion this review identified tools that were based on several existing instruments. Strategies should be tailored for assessing older individuals in a quick feasible manner. Specific domains were commonly present in the instruments, considered important for providing a comprehensive assessment tailored for the older population.

Desenvolvimento de um protótipo de software baseado na caderneta de saúde da pessoa idosa / Development of a software prototype based on the health booklet of the elderly person / Desarrollo de un prototipo de software basado en la cartilla de salud de la persona mayor

RESUMO: Objetivo: descrever o desenvolvimento de um protótipo de software baseado na Caderneta de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa, utilizando a Avaliação Heurística para análise de sua usabilidade. Método: pesquisa aplicada de desenvolvimento tecnológico, utilizando a Avaliação Heurística de Nielsen como forma de realizar a análise de usabilidade, iniciada em novembro de 2021 em Juiz de Fora e São João Del Rei. Resultados: o protótipo inicial conta com 5 telas, que contêm alguns dados relevantes para o cuidado em saúde da pessoa idosa, como idade, comorbidades e histórico de alergias. Os idosos conseguirão fazer a edição dos dados pessoais, mas somente os profissionais conseguirão incluir os dados de saúde dos pacientes, com o objetivo de torná-los mais fidedignos. Conclusão: a utilização deste aplicativo contribuirá para atualizar e avançar com o uso de tecnologias voltadas para o cuidado em saúde, e que trará benefícios para os sistemas de saúde e para os usuários.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the development of a software prototype based on the Health Booklet for the Elderly, using Heuristic Evaluation to analyze its usability. Method: applied technological development research, using Nielsen's Heuristic Evaluation as a way of carrying out usability analysis, which began in November 2021 in Juiz de Fora and São João Del Rei. Results: the initial prototype has 5 screens, which contain some relevant data for the health care of the elderly, such as age, comorbidities, and history of allergies. The elderly will be able to edit their personal data, but only professionals will be able to include the patient's health data, with the aim of making it more reliable. Conclusion: The use of this application will help to update and advance the use of technologies aimed at health care and will bring benefits to health systems and users.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el desarrollo de un prototipo de software basado en la Cartilla de Salud de la Persona Mayor, utilizando la Evaluación Heurística para analizar su usabilidad. Método: investigación aplicada de desarrollo tecnológico, utilizando la Evaluación Heurística de Nielsen como medio para realizar el análisis de usabilidad, iniciada en noviembre de 2021 en Juiz de Fora y São João Del Rei. Resultados: el prototipo inicial cuenta con 5 pantallas, que contienen algunos datos relevantes para el cuidado de la salud de las personas mayores, como la edad, las comorbilidades y el historial de alergias. Los ancianos podrán editar sus datos personales, pero sólo los profesionales podrán incluir los datos de salud del paciente, con el objetivo de hacerlo más fiable. Conclusión: El uso de esta aplicación contribuirá a actualizar y avanzar en el uso de las tecnologías destinadas a la atención sanitaria, y aportará beneficios a los sistemas de salud y a los usuarios.

Diffusion of innovations theory and its applicability in research studies on nursing and health / La teoría de la difusión de innovaciones y su capacidad de aplicación en investigaciones en las áreas de salud y enfermería / Teoria da difusão da inovação e sua aplicabilidade em pesquisas em saúde e enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective to reflect on the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, as a theoretical-methodological framework for research studies on Nursing and Health. Method a reflective study, based on the principles and concepts of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory as a theoretical-methodological framework, and its applicability in studies on innovations in health. Results using the framework enables the conduction of studies encompassing qualitative, quantitative and mixed approaches, applicable for the identification of the need for innovation in the elaboration, design, implementation, evaluation and adjustment of the innovations. The diffusion process evaluation through the elements of innovation, time, social systems and communication channels enables apprehending contributing factors for the success of a given innovation. Conclusion the theoretical perspective herein presented offers conceptual grounds to apprehend the process corresponding to the diffusion of innovations in the health field, through sensitive models and evaluation and elaboration of diffusion processes suitable for various contexts.

RESUMEN Objetivo reflexionar sobre la Teoría de la Difusión de Innovaciones como un referencial teórico-metodológico para investigaciones en las áreas de Salud y Enfermería. Método estudio del tipo reflexivo, asentado en los principios y conceptos de la Teoría de la Difusión de Innovaciones, como referencial teórico-metodológico y su capacidad de aplicación en estudios de innovaciones en salud. Resultados utilizar el referencial teórico instrumentaliza el desarrollo de estudios que abarcan enfoques cualitativos, cuantitativas y mixtos, aplicable para identificar la necesidad de la innovación en la elaboración, el diseño, la implementación, la evaluación y el ajuste de las innovaciones. La evaluación del proceso de difusión a través de los elementos innovación, tiempo, sistema social y canales de comunicación permite percibir factores que contribuyen al éxito de una innovación. Conclusión la perspectiva teórica aquí presentada ofrece bases conceptuales para percibir el proceso de difusión de innovaciones en el campo de la salud, a través de modelos sensibles a la evaluación y elaboración de procesos de difusión adecuados a diversos contextos.

RESUMO Objetivo refletir sobre a Teoria da Difusão da Inovação, como referencial teórico-metodológico para pesquisas em saúde e enfermagem. Método estudo do tipo reflexivo, assentado nos princípios e conceitos da Teoria da Difusão da Inovação, como referencial teórico-metodológico e aplicabilidade em estudos de inovações em saúde. Resultados o uso do referencial teórico instrumentaliza a condução de estudos abarcando abordagens qualitativas, quantitativas e mistas, aplicável para identificação da necessidade da inovação, na construção, delineamento, implantação, avaliação e ajuste das inovações. A avaliação do processo de difusão através dos elementos inovação, tempo, sistema social e canais de comunicação possibilitam a apreensão de fatores contribuintes para o sucesso de uma inovação. Conclusão a lente teórica aqui apresentada oferece bases conceituais para a apreensão do processo de difusão de inovações no campo da saúde, através de modelos sensíveis a avaliação e elaboração de processos de difusão adequados a contextos diversos.

Transtornos mentais em crianças no contexto de saúde da família / Trastornos mentales en niños en el contexto de salud familiar / Mental disorders in children in thecontextof family Health

Descrever os transtornos mentais dos tipos emocionais e comportamentais em crianças de 2 a 6 anos, segundo a avaliação dos pais/responsáveis. Método: Delineamento transversal, em uma escola da área de abrangência de uma equipe de Saúde da Família no município da Região Ampliada Oeste de Minas Gerais. Aplicou-se um questionário socio demográfico e o Inventário dos Comportamentos de Crianças (CBCL). Resultado: Observou-se o predomínio no sexo masculino da desordem reatividade emocional (39,3%) e o menor índice em problemas com o sono (9%). No sexo feminino as desordens depressão (34,2%) e complicações somáticas (34,2%) são as mais frequentes, sendo a timidez/isolamento (2,85) a menos frequente. Conclusão: A descoberta precoce de transtornos mentais em crianças pode auxiliar no delineamento de cuidados e políticas e o enfermeiro exerce papel importante neste contexto.

Objective: To describe mental disorders of emotional and behavioral types in children aged 2 to 6 years, according to the assessment of parents/guardians. Method: Cross-sectional design, in a school in the catchment area of a Family Health team in the municipality of the Extended West Region of Minas Gerais. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Children's Behavior Inventory (CBCL) were applied. Results: There was a predominance of emotional reactivity disorder in males (39.3%) and a lower rate of sleep problems (9%). In females, depression (34.2%) and somatic complications (34.2%) are the most frequent, with shyness/isolation (2.85) being the least frequent. Conclusion: The early discovery of mental disorders in children can help design care and policies, and nurses play an important role in this context.

Objetivo: Describir los trastornos mentales de tipo emocional y conductual en niños de 2 a 6 años, según la valoración de los padres/tutores. Método: Diseño transversal, en una escuela de la zona de influencia de un equipo de Salud de la Familia en el municipio de la Región Oeste Extendido de Minas Gerais. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Inventario de Conducta Infantil (CBCL). Resultados: Predominó el trastorno de reactividad emocional en el sexo masculino (39,3%) y una menor tasa de problemas de sueño (9%). En el sexo femenino, la depresión (34,2%) y las complicaciones somáticas (34,2%) son las más frecuentes, siendo la timidez/aislamiento (2,85) las menos frecuentes. Conclusión: El descubrimiento temprano de los trastornos mentales en los niños puede ayudar a diseñar cuidados y políticas, y las enfermeras juegan un papel importante en este contexto.

Prontuário eletrônico na gestão do cuidado em equipes de saúde da família / Electronic medical charts for care management in family health teams / Historia clínica electrónica para la gestión de la atención en equipos de salud de la familia

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a utilização do Prontuário Eletrônico do Cidadão na Gestão do Cuidado em equipes de Saúde da Família. Método: estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como referencial teórico as dimensões da Gestão do Cuidado. Realizado em dois municípios de Minas Gerais, Brasil, com 37 profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família, por meio de entrevistas e observação direta, de março a junho de 2019. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio da Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade Temático-Categorial e sistematizada por meio do programa MaxQDA. Resultado: os resultados apontaram que a utilização do Prontuário Eletrônico do Cidadão ocorre em três dimensões da Gestão do Cuidado: profissional, organizacional e sistêmica. Conclusão: o estudo contribui para a reflexão sobre a importância de um olhar que permeie as várias dimensões da Gestão do Cuidado no cotidiano das equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família, frente à introdução do Prontuário Eletrônico do Cidadão.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the use of the Citizen's Electronic Medical Chart for Care Management in Family Health teams. Method: a case study with a qualitative approach, using the Care Management dimensions as its theoretical framework. It was conducted from March to June 2019 in two municipalities from Minas Gerais, Brazil, with 37 professionals working in the Family Health Strategy, by means of interviews and direct observation. Data analysis was performed through Content Analysis, Thematic-Categorical modality, and systematized in the MaxQDA program. Result: the results indicated that use of the Citizen's Electronic Medical Chart takes place in three Care Management dimensions, namely: professional, organizational, and systemic. Conclusion: the study contributes to the reflection on the importance of a perspective that permeates the several Care Management dimensions in the Family Health Strategy teams' routine, given the introduction of the Citizen's Electronic Medical Chart.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender cómo se utiliza la Historia Clínica Electrónica del Ciudadano para la Gestión de la Atención en equipos de Salud de la Familia. Método: estudio de caso de enfoque cualitativo, en el cual se utilizaron las dimensiones de la Gestión de la Atención como marco de referencia teórico. El estudio se realizó entre marzo y junio de 2019 con 37 profesionales de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia por medio de entrevistas y observación directa en dos municipios de Minas Gerais, Brasil. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través de la modalidad Temático-Categórica del Análisis de contenido, y se sistematizó por medio del programa MaxQDA. Resultado: los resultados indicaron que la Historia Clínica Electrónica del Ciudadano se utiliza en tres dimensiones de la Gestión de la Atención, a saber: profesional, organizacional y sistémica. Conclusión: el estudio contribuyó a la reflexión sobre la importancia de una perspectiva que abarque a las variadas dimensiones de la Gestión de la Atención en la rutina de los equipos de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, frente a la incorporación de la Historia Clínica Electrónica del Ciudadano.