A major advance of tropical Andean glaciers during the Antarctic cold reversal.

The Younger Dryas stadial, a cold event spanning 12,800 to 11,500 years ago, during the last deglaciation, is thought to coincide with the last major glacial re-advance in the tropical Andes. This interpretation relies mainly on cosmic-ray exposure dating of glacial deposits. Recent studies, however, have established new production rates for cosmogenic (10)Be and (3)He, which make it necessary to update all chronologies in this region and revise our understanding of cryospheric responses to climate variability. Here we present a new (10)Be moraine chronology in Colombia showing that glaciers in the northern tropical Andes expanded to a larger extent during the Antarctic cold reversal (14,500 to 12,900 years ago) than during the Younger Dryas. On the basis of a homogenized chronology of all (10)Be and (3)He moraine ages across the tropical Andes, we show that this behaviour was common to the northern and southern tropical Andes. Transient simulations with a coupled global climate model suggest that the common glacier behaviour was the result of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability superimposed on a deglacial increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. During the Antarctic cold reversal, glaciers advanced primarily in response to cold sea surface temperatures over much of the Southern Hemisphere. During the Younger Dryas, however, northern tropical Andes glaciers retreated owing to abrupt regional warming in response to reduced precipitation and land-surface feedbacks triggered by a weakened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Conversely, glacier retreat during the Younger Dryas in the southern tropical Andes occurred as a result of progressive warming, probably influenced by an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Considered with evidence from mid-latitude Andean glaciers, our results argue for a common glacier response to cold conditions in the Antarctic cold reversal exceeding that of the Younger Dryas.

125I radioactive seed localization for non-palpable lesions in breast cancer. / Semillas de 125I en la localización de lesiones no palpables en pacientes con cáncer de mama.

AIM: Marking of non-palpable breast lesions with 125I radioactive seeds is an alternative to the use of the surgical wire. The objective of this work is to present the results that we have obtained using radioactive seed localization compared to the reference technique in our center, the wire localization of non-palpable breast lesions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Longitudinal prospective study that includes patients with histological diagnostic of breast cancer, with non-palpable lesions that are candidates to primary surgical treatment by radioactive seed localization (2016-2018) and by wire localization (2015-2016). Histological analysis of the surgical specimen was performed determining the status of surgical margins. The volume of the surgical specimen was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients were included, 95 who underwent surgery by radioactive seed localization and 51 by wire localization. The mean cube volume of the specimens were 135.67cm3 vs. 190.77cm3 (p=0.017), respectively. Eleven patients who underwent surgery by radioactive seed localization showed affected margins of the specimen (11.6%), versus 7 (13.2%) of wire localization group (p=0.084). Reintervention was performed in 9 of the patients marked with seeds and in 7 marked with wires (p=0.49). CONCLUSION: The use of 125I radioactive seeds is feasible in non-palpable breast lesions, with a low rate of reintervention and volumes of surgical specimens significantly lower than those obtained by wire localization.

Mandibular intraosseous lipoma: clinical features of a condylar location.

Lipomas are common benign neoplasms affecting many adipose tissue-containing organs of the body, including bone. Central lesions in bone account for less than 1% of all lipomas. In the literature, intraosseous lipomas have been reported in various bones such as the frontal and parietal bones, ribs, ulna, phalanges of hand and foot, femoral neck, fibula and calcaneum. No preference has been described for gender or race. As far as the authors know, there have been no documented cases of intraosseous lipoma involving the temporomandibular joint. This report describes a rare case of mandibular intraosseous lipoma in the left condylar area associated with temporomandibular dysfunction.