A TRIZ Approach for Designing a Smart Lighting and Control System for Classrooms Based on Counter Application with Dual PIR Sensors.

Electrical energy is often wasted through human negligence when people do not switch off electrical appliances such as lighting after leaving a place. Such a scenario often happens in a classroom when the last person leaves the class and forgets to switch off the electrical appliances. Such wastage may not be able to be afforded by schools that are limited financially. Therefore, this research proposed a simple and cost-effective system that can analyze whether there is or is not a human presence in the classroom by applying a counter to count the total number of people entering and leaving the classroom based on the sensing signals of a set of dual PIR sensors only and then correlating this to automatically turn on or off the electrical appliances mentioned. The total number of people identified in the classroom is also displayed on an LCD screen. A TRIZ approach is used to support the ideation of the system. The system can switch on several electrical output loads simultaneously when the presence of people is detected and switch them off when there are no people in the classroom. The proposed system can be expanded to be used in homes, offices, and buildings to prevent the high cost of electricity consumption caused by the negligence of people. This enables smarter control of electricity consumption.

Fabrication and luminescence properties of one-dimensional CaMoO(4): Ln(3+) (Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy) nanofibers via electrospinning process.

One-dimensional CaMoO(4):Ln(3+) (Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy) nanofibers have been prepared by a combination method of sol-gel and electrospinning process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), photoluminescence (PL), and low voltage cathodoluminescence (CL) as well as kinetic decays were used to characterize the resulting samples. SEM and TEM analyses indicate that the obtained precursor fibers have a uniform size, and the as-formed CaMoO(4):Ln(3+) nanofibers consist of nanoparticles. Under ultraviolet excitation, the CaMoO(4) samples exhibit a blue-green emission band with a maximum at 500 nm originating from the MoO(4)(2-) groups. Due to an efficient energy transfer from molybdate groups to dopants, CaMoO(4):Ln(3+) phosphors show their strong characteristic emission under ultraviolet excitation and low-voltage electron beam excitation. The energy transfer process was further studied by the emission spectra and the kinetic decay curves of Ln(3+) upon excitation into the MoO(4)(2-) groups in the CaMoO(4):x mol % Ln(3+) samples (x = 0-5). Furthermore, the emission colors of CaMoO(4):Ln(3+) nanofibers can be tuned from blue-green to green, yellow, and orange-red easily by changing the doping concentrations (x) of Ln(3+) ions, making the materials have potential applications in fluorescent lamps and field emission displays (FEDs).

Characterization of Aloe Barbadensis Miller leaves as a potential electrical energy source with optimum experimental setup conditions.

Electrical energy can be harvested from the living plants as a new potential renewable energy source. Characterization of the electrical signal is needed to enable an optimum energy harvesting setup condition. In the present paper, an investigation is conducted to analyze the characteristic of Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) leaves in terms of electrical energy generation under specific experimental setups. The experimental results show that 1111.55uW electrical power can be harvested from the Aloe Vera with 24 pairs of electrodes and this energy is capable to be stored in a capacitor. This energy has a high potential to be used to power up a low power consumption device.

Potential application of Aloe Vera-derived plant-based cell in powering wireless device for remote sensor activation.

It is well proven that electrical energy can be harvested from the living plants which can be used as a potential renewable energy source for powering wireless devices in remote areas where replacing or recharging the battery is a difficult task. Therefore, harvesting electrical energy from living plants in remote areas such as in farms or forest areas can be an ideal source of energy as these areas are rich with living plants. The present paper proposes a design of a power management circuit that can harness, store and manage the electrical energy which is harvested from the leaves of Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) plants to trigger a transmitter load to power a remote sensor. The power management circuit consists of two sections namely; an energy storage system that acts as an energy storage reservoir to store the energy harvested from the plants as well as a voltage regulation system which is used to boost and manage the energy in accordance to a load operation. The experimental results show that the electrical energy harvested from the Aloe Vera under a specific setup condition can produce an output of 3.49 V and 1.1 mA. The harvested energy is being channeled to the power management circuit which can boost the voltage to 10.9 V under no load condition. The harvested energy from the plants boosted by the power management circuit can turn ON the transmitter automatically to activate a temperature and humidity sensor to measure the environmental stimuli periodically with a ton of 1.22 seconds and toff of 0.46 seconds. This proves that this new source of energy combined with a power management circuit can be employed for powering the wireless sensor network for application in the Internet of Things (IoT).

Organization and thinking of provincial-level on-sit and off-sit joint exercises for nuclear emergency / 中国辐射卫生

By reviewing the organization and implementation of “Hongsha-2021” Guangxi nuclear emergency joint exercises, this article summarizes the experience in the organization process and puts forward some thoughts and suggestions in order to improve the depth of provincial-level on-site and off-site joint exercises for nuclear emergency at nuclear power plants and further enhance the emergency response capacity of nuclear emergency organizations at all levels.

Bench Treadmill Training for Lower Limbs Severe Burn / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of bench treadmill training on functional recovery for patients with severely burnt on lower limbs. Methods:From October, 2016 to December, 2017, 30 patients with severe lower limb burn were divided into control group (n = 15) and observation group (n = 15). The control group accepted routine comprehensive rehabilitation, while the observation group accepted the bench treadmill training in addition. They were assessed with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Numerical Rating scale (NRS) of pain, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and 6-minute walking test (6MWT) before and after six weeks of treatement. Results:The scores of SAS, SDS and NRS decreased in both groups (t > 3.636, P < 0.01), and they were less in the observation group than in the control group (t > 2.319, P < 0.05). The score of BBS and distance of 6MWT increased in the observation group compared with those in the control group (t > 2.541, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Early training with bench treadmill may promote the functional recovery for patients with severe lower limbs burns.

Clinical application of highly sensitive α-fetoprotein variant ratio in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华消化杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of serum high sensitive α-fetoprotein variant ratio (hs-AFP-L3％) in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods From October 2016 to March 2018,at Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,160 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma,32 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC),52 patients with post-hepatitis B liver cirrhosis,53 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 50 healthy controls were enrolled.The serum levels of hs-AFP-L3％ and α-fetoprotein were measured.Mann-Whitney U test,Spearman correlation analysis,Wilcoxon signed rank test and chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis.Results The serum levels of hs-AFP-L3％ and α-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma group were 24.90％ (4.68％ to 61.85％) and 113.45 μg/L (11.18 μg/L to 1 803.48 μg/L),respectively,which were higher than those in ICC group (0.50％,0.50％ to 0.50％;and 2.79 μg/L,1.72 μg/L to 4.04 μg/L),cirrhosis group (0.50％,0.50％ to 5.25％;and 18.35 μg/L,3.95 μg/L to 31.93 μg/L),chronic hepatitis group (0.50％,0.50％ to 4.25％;and 2.70 μg/L,1.80 μg/L to 17.00 μg/L),and healthy control group (0.50％,0.50％ to 0.50％;and 1.94 μg/L,1.46 μg/L to 2.63 μg/L),and the differences were statistically significant (U =461.00,1 485.50,1 141.00,625.00;401.50,2 207.00,1 254.00,266.00;all P ＜0.01).The sensitivity of hs-AFP-L3％ and α-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was 66.3％ and 70.0％,respectively;and the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.54,P ＞ 0.05).The sensitivity of the combined detection was 82.5％,which was higher than that of the separate detection,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =24.04 and 18.05,both P ＜0.01).The specificity of hs-AFP-L3％ was 95.2％,which was higher than that of α-fetoprotein (68.6％),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =26.04,P ＜ 0.01).The specificity of the combined detection of these two markers was 68.6％,which was lower than that of hs-AFP-L3％ alone (95.2％),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =26.04,P ＜ 0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the specificity between the combined detection and α-fetoprotein detection alone (68.6％,P ＞ 0.05).The sensitivity of hs-AFP-L3％ in the diagnosis of patients with α-fetoprotein-negative (α-fetoprotein ＜ 20 μg/L) hepatocellular carcinoma was 41.7％.The serum levels of hs-AFP-L3％ and α-fetoprotein were both positively correlated with tumor size and clinical stage (hs-AFP-L3％ r =0.272 and 0.436;α-fetoprotein r =0.375 and 0.458;all P ＜ 0.01).The reduction of serum hs-AFP-L3％ in 38 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after operation was 82.2％,which was higher than that of oα-fetoprotein (69.2％),and the difference was statistically significant (U =532.50,P =0.049).There was no correlation between serum level of hs-AFP-L3％ and α-fetoprotein level (r =0.077,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity of hs-AFP-L3％ is similar to that of α-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma,while the specificity of hs-AFP-L3％ is higher than that of α-fetoprotein.The combined detection of the two markers can improve the diagnostic rate of hepatocellular carcinoma.The hs-AFP-L3％ has a high diagnostic value in α-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma.

Research progress in nursing manager succession planning / 中华医院管理杂志

This paper reviewed the present nursing manager succession planning at home and abroad, covering the succession standard of nursing managers, the content and form of pre-job training, and the evaluation tool of management ability. These efforts aim to provide references for the construction of nursing management talents teams in China.

Imaging of olfactory bulb and gray matter volumes in brain areas associated with olfactory function in patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy.

UNLABELLED: We explored if magnetic resonance imaging sequences might aid in the clinical differential diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). We measured the volumes of the olfactory bulb, the olfactory tract, and olfaction-associated cortical gray matter in 20 IPD patients, 14 MSA patients, and 12 normal subjects, using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging sequences in combination with voxel-based statistical analysis. We found that, compared to normal subjects and MSA patients, the volumes of the olfactory bulb and tract were significantly reduced in IPD patients. The gray matter volume of IPD patients decreased in the following order: the olfactory area to the right of the piriform cortex, the right amygdala, the left entorhinal cortex, and the left occipital lobe. Further, the total olfactory bulb volume of IPD patients was associated with the duration of disease. The entorhinal cortical gray matter volume was negatively associated with the UPDRS III score. CONCLUSION: Structural volumes measured by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging may potentially be used for differential diagnosis of IPD from MSA.

Study on the relationship between viral load of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus and patient's condition / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To explore the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) existence time in the body,and the correlation between viral load and the severity and prognosis of disease.Methods The clinical data of 125 SFTS patients from May 2015 to October 2016 in Weihai Central Hospital in Shandong province were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were divided into low viral load group and high viral load group according to the SFTSV RNA levels.Neurological symptoms,bleeding tendency,the incidence of myocardial damage and severe pneumonia,laboratory biochemical index and prognosis of two groups were compared.SFTSV RNA of 46 cases were detected dynamically.Data with homogeneity of variance were tested by t test,and data with heterogeneity of variance was tested by rank sum test.Results Among the 125 cases,64 were male and 61 were female.The mean age was (59.0±3.6) years old.One hundred and one cases were cured,and 24 died.SFTSV RNA loads in low viral load group(81 cases) were (3.08± 1.01) copies/mL,and those in high viral load group (44 cases) were (5.69 ± 0.99) copies/mL,with statically significant difference (t =11.78,P＜0.05).By the dynamic detection of SFTSV RNA load in 46 patients,viral loads in most patients were gradually declined after 1 week of onset,and cleared after 23 days.The incidence of neurological symptoms,bleeding tendency,severe myocardial damage and pneumonia of two groups showed significant difference (x2 =92.987,38.711,75.889 and 54.680,respectively,all P＜0.05).The viral loads of patients who died varied from 1.06× 104 copies/mL to 5.78 × 107 copies/mL.White blood counts of two groups showed no significant difference (t =0.181,P＞ 0.05).The platelet counts of two groups had significant difference (t =2.869,P＜0.05).AST and γ-GT of two groups also had significant difference (P＜0.01 and 0.05,respectively).creatine kinase,creatine kinase isoenzyme,lactic dehydrogenase and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase of two groups all had significant difference (P＜0.01 or 0.05).Serum sodium,blood calcium and glucose of the two groups had significant difference (P＜0.01 or 0.05).activated partial thromboplastin time of the two groups showed significant difference as well (t=5.623,P＜0.01).Conclusions After the onset of SFTSV infection,the virus existence in the body may less than 4 weeks.Viral loads are closely associated with disease severity and prognosis.The higher the viral loads are,the heavier organ dysfunction could be and the higher mortality is.

Application of membrane guided bone regeneration technique combined with 3 I implant system in anterior dental implant / 中国基层医药

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of membrane guided bone regeneration technique combined with 3 I implant system in anterior dental implant.Methods 50 patients with anterior teeth missing were selected as the experimental group,they received membrane guided bone regeneration technique combined with 3 I implant system of dental implant.50 cases alone with 3 I implant system of dental implant were selected as the control group.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.The effects of the two groups were compared.Results Statistical results showed that the satisfaction of appearance and function had significant difference between the two groups(χ2 =6.73,P<0.05).The operation area of plaque index (PLI) (t=3.16,P<0.05),gingival sulcus bleeding index (MBI) (t=6.32,P<0.05),probing depth (PD) (t=2.63,P<0.05) had significant differences between the two groups.The thickness of the buccal tongue of the bone graft,and other indicators of the top of the implant to the top of the alveolar ridge showed significant differences between the two groups (t=17.65,P<0.05,t=8.48,P<0.05). Conclusion Using membrane guided bone regeneration technique and 3 I implant system combined application can improve dental implant in the anterior and the success rate of patients on the appearance and function of satisfaction after dental implant in the anterior,and to broaden the bone defect of anterior tooth planting the indication effect,it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Observation of the effect of orthodontic combined with implant denture in the treatment of single tooth loss / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the clinical effect of combined treatment of single tooth loss and implant denture.Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with single tooth loss were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different surgical methods,they were randomly divided into control group and observation group,40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with implant denture,the observation group was treated with orthodontic treat-ment.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 97.50%,which was significantly higher than 62.50% of the control group(χ2 =15.31,P <0.05).The satisfac-tion scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,the differences were statistically signif-icant(t =12.21,17.78,15.98,11.85,9.35,all P <0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of combined treatment of orthodontic and dental implants for patients with single tooth loss is remarkable,and can achieve good results,and improve the treatment satisfaction,it is worth promoting.

Serum expression of PIVKA-Ⅱand SA in patients with chronic renal insufficiency / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the impact of chronic renal insufficiency on serum levels of protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist‐Ⅱ(PIVKA‐Ⅱ) and sialic acid (SA) .MethodsThe levels of serum PIVKA‐Ⅱ ,SA ,urea and creatinine(Cr) were detected in 127 cases of chronic renal insufficiency ,32 cases of renal disease with normal renal function ,57 healthy controls un‐dergoing the physical examination and 120 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC ) by using the chemiluminescent and enzymatic methods respectively .The serum urea and creatinine levels were also measured .The estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated .Results The serum PIVKA‐Ⅱ level had no statistical difference in among the healthy control group ,renal disease with normal renal func‐tion group and renal disease with renal insufficiency group (H=2 .902 ,P> 0 .05) ,moreover significantly lower than that in the HCC group (U=319 .5 ,203 .00 ,665 .50 respectively ,P0 .05) .However ,serum SA levels had statistical differences among the healthy control group ,disease complicating normal renal function group and disease complicating renal insufficiency group( H = 63 .685 ,P0 .05) .Conclusion The renal insufficiency has no obvious im‐pact on serum PIVKA‐Ⅱexpression ,but could significantly increase the SA expression level ,moreover is closely related with the se‐verity of renal function impairment ,thus indicating that the SA level increase not only has the assisted diagnosis value on HCC and multiple malignant tumors ,but also better reflects the renal function status in the patients with chronic renal insufficiency .

Comparison of the effects of small titanium plate rigid internal fixation and intermaxillary fixation in the treatment of simple mandibular fracture / 中国基层医药

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of small titanium plate rigid internal fixation and intermaxillary fixation in the treatment of simple mandibular fracture,and to explore the best treatment method for the reduction of fractures of the mandible.Methods 252 cases with simple fractures of the mandible were randomly divided into the two groups.126 cases of group A were treated by rigid internal fixation,126 cases of group B were treated by intermaxillary fixation.The patients were followed up for 6 months after operation.The complications,occlusion and mouth opening were compared between the two groups.And then,the data were analyzed.Results 120 cases of group A occlusal relation recovered to normal,the appearance and function were recovered well.The average mouth opening was 3.90cm.4 cases got postoperative infection,1 case titanium plate was broken.118 patients of B group occlusal relation recovered to normal,the appearance and function were restored,no case of infection and clamp plate broken.10 cases happened bad oral health condition,gingiva swell and teeth loosen.8 cases complicated with bad occlusion.There were no statistical differences between A and B group about occlusion and(x2=0.30,0.86,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Two treatment methods are effective in the treatment of simple mandibular fracture,rigid skillfully master indication to get best efficacy.

Clinical effects comparison of treatment of hip replacement and internal lixation for aged patients with fracture of femoral neck / 中国综合临床

Objective To compare the clinical effects of hip replacement and internal lixation treatment for aged patients with fracture of femoral neck.Methods One hundred and twelve cases patients with fracture of femoral neck were choosed and divided into the control group (n =56) and observation group (n =56) according to the will of patients and family.The control group was treated by incision fixation while the observation group was given hip replacement therapy.All patients were followed up for 6 months after the operation time.Intraoperative blood loss,hospital stay,bed time,postoperative complications and Harris joint scores of the two groups were compared.Results The operation time and intraoperative blood loss of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group((98.6±23.8) min vs.(54.2± 16.4) min,(324.6 ±43.8) ml vs.(158.6±26.8) ml;t=4.468,5.624;P＜0.05);The bed time was much shorter than that of the control group((16.6±2.8) d vs.(68.6±5.8) d;t=8.248,P＜0.05).The case of pressure sores,lung infection and mode again of the observation group were significantly less than those of the control group(P＜0.05),while the Harris joint scores were significantly higher than the control group (89.7％ vs 58.9％,x2 =14.423,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Hip replacement can improve the joint function and enhance the quality of life for patients of fracture of femoral neck.

Analysis of the effect of clinical pathway in surgical treatment for 80 patients with mandibular fracture / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the effect of clinical pathway in surgical treatment for patients with mandibular fracture.Methods 80 patients with mandibular fracture were randomly divided into the conventional therapy group(the control group) (n =40） and the clinical pathway therapy group (CP group) (n =40).The hospitalization time,medical expenses,satisfaction for the treatment,health awareness,and incidence of complications were compared between two groups.Results The results of hospitalization time,medical expenses,satisfaction for the treatment,and health awareness of the CP group were (11.86 ± 3.05) d,(9 115.43 ± 1 689.84) yuan,(91.19 ± 1.02) ％,(95.18 ±4.11)points,respectively,which were significantly better than those of the control group [(17.53 ± 2.98)d,(12 066.75 ±2 513.22)yuan,(89.39 ±1.35)％,(82.83 ± 6.56) points] (t =8.41,6.16,6.73,10.01,all P ＜0.05).The complication rate of the two groups was 2.5％,7.5％,respectively,which had no significant differences (χ2 =0.26,P ＞ 0.05).Concltsion The clinical pathway for mandibular fracture surgery is worthy of promotion.

[MRI findings of uterine cervical cancer and value of MRI in preoperative staging].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis and preoperative staging of uterine cervical cancer. METHODS: MRI findings and staging in 72 patients with cervical carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed, and the size, location, signal intensity and invasion of the tumor were observed. MRI sequence included SE T1WI, (TSE)T2WI, T2WI/SPIR and contrast-enhanced T1WI. RESULTS: MRI identified uterus cervical cancer in all cases with the exception of only 1 case of IA stage. The tumor was represented by hypointensity and isointensity on T1WI, heterogeneous and homogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI, mildly heterogeneous enhancement after bolus intravenous GD-DTPA injection. MRI had an accuracy of 86% in localization of the tumor, but its accuracy in clinical staging was only 64% (chi2=6.453, P<0.05). The tumor volume measured by MRI was similar with that by pathological measurement (1.94-/+1.15 vs 1.94-/+1.11, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: MRI can accurately describe the size and invasion of uterine cervical cancer, especially useful in detecting parametrial invasion, but for diagnosis of IA uterine cervical cancer, MRI findings are not sufficient without considerations of clinical findings and cellular examination.

Analysis of the efficacy of repairing unilateral incomplete cleft lip with the straight line and the auxiliary incision of lip skin in 120 children / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the effect of the straight line and the auxiliary incision of lip skin on repairing unilateral incomplete cleft lip.Methods 120 cases of unilateral incomplete cleft lip repaired with the straight line method and reconstruction of the orbicularis oris muscle with the auxiliary incision of lip skin.Results 2 cases of cleft relapse by tumble.The wound of 115 children were healed one stage.3 children were healed two stage.All children didn't present vermilion deficiency.The upper lip presented natural labial groove between affected and unaffected side.Both sides of nostrils were symmetry and scars were not ovbious.Conclusion This new method was simple and effective in repairing unilateral incomplete cleft lip.

Postoperative management of breast augmentation by polyacrylamide hydrogel injection:a report of 157 cases / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objeetive To discuss a reasonable postoperative management of breast augmentation by polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) injection.Methods The retrospective study was used to analyze 157 cases which received breast augmentation by PAHG injection.MRI was used in all of cases preoperatively.Among these patients,23 were located by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction,the content of mono acrylamide in the serum of 71 cases were examined in the hydrogel of 23 cases and in the tissue around the hydrogel of 12 cases,respectively.The silicone gel implants were planted after the removal of PAHG in 7 cases.Results MRI-3D could show the injectants location,scope,layer and integrality more intuitional and more detailed.The momo acrylamide was found in the serum with 7 cases,in the hydrogel with 5 cases,in the tissue around the hydrogel with 3 cases.131 cases gained satisfactory results.All the cases received 3 to 6 months follow-up.The scleroma was not found after the palpation of breast.In the 7 cases that were planted with the silicone gel implants immediately,the shape and texture of the breast were both great.Conclusions The preoperative MRI examination is a first-choice,and if possible,3D reconstruction is better.With the detecting methods so far,there is no strong evidence to support the possibility of PAHG resolving into poisonous acrylamide inside the human body.During the operation,the injectant,the integument around the hydrogel and degenerative tissue should be orthoptically cleared-up as much as possible.Sucking the injectant blindly is not commended.The silicon gel prosthesis is planted to reconstruct the shape of breast immediately,but the prerequisite is that the patients have this demand and that the muscle is intact without inflammation.

Analysis of the complications following the periareolar reduction mammaplasty using polypropylene mesh as suspension device / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cause and the prophylactic measures for the complication following the periareolar reduction mammaplasty using polypropylene mesh as suspension device.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Dec. 1999 to Dec. 2005, 78 patients who underwent periareolar reduction mammaplasty using polypropylene mesh as suspension device were analysed. Among them, 47 cases were followed-up for 6 months to 5 years, and their long-term effect was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Early after operation, complications included seroma (3 cases), infection (3 cases), delayed wound healing (3 cases), and paraesthesia of nipple-areolar complex (1 case). The 47 followed-up patients presented abnormal wave-like skin appearance in superior polar of breast (7 cases), palpable cord-like mammary content in peripheral region of breast (3 cases), widening of periareolar scar and secondary ptosis (2 cases) and paraesthesia of nipple-areolar complex (1 case). All other patients acquired good appearance and felt satisfactory. 2 patients could lactate after operation. 5 patients underwent mammary X-ray radiography after operation. No mesh shadow or calcification was revealed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although polypropylene mesh is a good suspension device in reduction mammaplasty, the long-term complication is relatively high because of the hardness of the tissue. More soft tissue is necessary as alternative device for clinical application.</p>