Chemical fingerprinting of the Brazilian medicinal plant Calea pinnatifida (R. Br.) Less. (Asteraceae) collected at different altitudes.

Calea pinnatifida (R. Br.) Less. is a plant of Brazilian folk medicine. We evaluated the influence of environmental factors on the chemical profile of C. pinnatifida collected during the winter season. C. pinnatifida leaves, alongside soil samples, were collected from two sites of different altitude. Plant samples were sequentially extracted, while soil samples were subject to compositional analysis. Plant extracts were compared using HPTLC-UV, using chemometric analyses to compare samplings harvested at both altitudes. Two marker metabolites, calein A (1) and acetylportentol (2), were isolated from samples collected at the respective altitudes. The differing metabolic profiles observed may be a result of the influence of environmental factors.

Projeto "Histologia sem Artefato" contribui de forma efetiva para o aprendizado significativo dos discentes / Project "Histology without Artifact" contributes effectively to the meaningful student learning

RESUMO Introdução: Histologia é o estudo das células e dos tecidos biológicos que compõem os seres vivos. Apesar de sua fundamental importância, a histologia ainda é um campo de difícil compreensão para uma parcela considerável dos estudantes, e, por consequência, a aprendizagem de outras ciências correlatas também fica prejudicada. Objetivo: O presente estudo se dispôs a elaborar materiais didáticos de histologia, utilizá-los como facilitadores do processo ensino-aprendizagem e avaliar a percepção dos discentes da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina acerca das ferramentas desenvolvidas. Método: Os materiais didáticos elaborados foram: apostila, banco de imagens, banco de casos clínicos e banco de mapas mentais. Para elaborá-los, utilizou-se o software Microsoft PowerPoint 2019. A exceção a essa forma de criação se deu somente com o banco de mapas mentais, o qual foi produzido com o aplicativo de mapeamento mental MindMeisteir. Distribuíram-se os materiais aos discentes que avaliaram suas contribuições para o aprendizado em histologia por meio de um questionário anônimo no formato Likert. Os dados foram compilados em tabelas utilizando o Microsoft Excel 2019 e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultado: Os materiais desenvolvidos pelo projeto foram avaliados majoritariamente como "bons". Quanto à frequência de uso dos materiais, obteve-se as seguintes respostas: "quase sempre" ou "sempre". A tendência da maioria dos voluntários foi concordar completamente, para todos os documentos avaliados, de que houve um impacto positivo do material no entendimento de histologia. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento de materiais pelo projeto "Histologia sem Artefato" auxiliou na construção de conhecimento dos alunos na grande área de histologia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Histology is the study of cells and biological tissues. Despite its fundamental importance, histology remains a difficult field to understand for a considerable number of students and, consequently, the learning of other related sciences is also impaired. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop histology teaching materials, use them as to facilitate the teaching-learning process and evaluate the opinion of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina students about the developed tools. Method: The educational materials prepared were: handout, image Bank, clinical case bank and mind map bank. Microsoft PowerPoint 2019 was used to prepare these materials, with the exception of the Mind Map Bank, which was created using the mind mapping application "MindMeisteir". The materials were distributed among the students, who through an anonymous, Likert format dialogue assessed how well the materials contributed to learning in histology. Data were compiled into tables using Microsoft Excel 2019 and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Result: The materials introduced by the project were mostly evaluated as "good". Most materials were used with a frequency of "almost always" or "always". The tendency of most volunteers was to completely agree, for all documents evaluated, that there was a positive impact of the material on the understanding of histology. Conclusion: The development of materials through the "Histology without Artifact" project helped build students' knowledge in the field of histology.

Elevated D-Dimer as a Marker For Thromboembolic Events in Pediatric Patients With Covid-19: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background: The 2019 Coronavirus disease is known to cause thromboembolic events. There is little information on the severe COVID-19 consequences in children. Objectives: To determine whether elevated D-dimer levels in the pediatric population with COVID-19 are a risk marker for the development of thromboembolic events. If so, D-dimer levels could be used to determine prophylactic anticoagulation measures if needed. Methods: This is a systematic review, performed according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database. The last database search update was on December 14, 2021, resulting in 79 documents for analysis. Data were taken from various databases and queried by topic, keyword, or abstract. Results: Of the 79 articles found, only seven were selected for this analysis. Of these articles, only one had thromboembolic events. In the other articles, D-dimer levels were elevated but were considered controversial in terms of predicting events, with no clear association between the magnitude of D-dimer change and the magnitude of thrombosis risk. Conclusions: Although used for adults, D-dimer was not a good parameter for assessing the risk of thromboembolic events in individuals younger than 21 years. The main shortcomings are the fact that D-dimer increases with any type of inflammation and is, therefore, not a specific marker, and that it is elevated in many patients even without the occurrence of thromboembolic events.

Therapeutic options for hemarthrosis in severe hemophilic patients / Opções terapêuticas para as hemartroses em pacientes hemofílicos graves

Introduction: Hemophilia A and B are rare congenital X-linked recessive diseases caused by lack or deficiency of the coagulation factors VIII (FVIII) or IX (FIX), respectively. The primary therapeutic approach is to replace the deficient coagulation factor, which can be achieved with factors derived from human plasma or recombinants. However, despite having a therapeutic approach, most severe cases are symptomatic and may have complications, mainly in the muscles and joints. One example of such disorder is hemarthrosis. This manifestation tends to affect mainly the knee, ankle, or elbow joints in about 80% of cases. Objective: to describe the primary forms of treatment for joint bleeding in patients with severe hemophilia. Methods: This is a qualitative research of the integrative review type meant to identify productions on topics associated with hemarthrosis and severe hemophilia. The articles were searched through the databases PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and Virtual Health Library (BVS) with the following search descriptors: "hemarthrosis and hemophilia"; "joint diseases and Hemophilia" and corresponding terms in Portuguese. The inclusion criteria were as follows: a) scientific articles b) available in full-text c) studies available in Portuguese, English, or Spanish d) randomized clinical trials e) articles published between 2016 and 2021 f) articles containing hemarthrosis caused by severe hemophilia. As exclusion criteria, texts that had no relation to the theme, did not answer the guiding question, other types of articles that did not include randomized clinical trials and/or presented duplicates were discarded. Results: In total, 42 articles were found in the selected databases; eight were duplicated, and 25 were excluded for not being randomized clinical trials or because they did not contemplate the theme. After careful reading, nine articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified. Of the eligible studies, one reported factor replacement, and eight reported physiotherapeutic treatment. Conclusion:Factor replacement for hemophilic patients is essential and, based on the information obtained, early replacement is ben-eficial for the patient to avoid joint complications. Prophylaxis is indicated in severe hemophilia and its main objective is to prevent recurrent hemarthrosis, which can cause permanent functional deformities. Some physiotherapeutic interventions are indicated to prevent joint damage in severe hemophilic patients. The findings show diversity in the physical therapy modalities employed. The complete prevention of joint damage is still a challenge. A combination of treatments and a multi-disciplinary team follow-up is necessary to ensure health and quality of life of patients. (AU)

Introdução: As hemofilias A e B são doenças congênitas raras, recessivas ligadas ao X, causadas por falta ou deficiência de fator de coagulação VIII (FVIII) ou IX (FIX), respectivamente. A terapêutica tem como conduta principal a reposição do fator de coagulação deficiente, podendo ser feita com fatores derivados de plasma humano ou recombinantes. Porém, apesar de possuir uma terapêutica, grande parte dos casos graves são sintomáticos e podem ter complicações, na sua maioria, nos músculos e nas articulações. Uma dessas desordens é a hemartrose. Essa manifestação tende a acometer principalmente articulações do joelho, tornozelo ou cotovelo em cerca de 80% dos casos. Objetivo: descrever as principais formas de tra-tamento para sangramento articular em pacientes com hemofilia grave. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo revisão integrativa para identificação de produções sobre temas associados a hemartrose e hemofilia grave. A busca dos artigos foi através das bases de dados PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) com os seguintes descritores de busca: "hemarthrosis and hemophilia"; "joint diseases and hemophilia" e termos correspondentes no português. Os critérios de inclusão foram os seguintes: a) artigos b) estar disponível em texto completo c) estudos disponíveis nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol d) ensaios clínicos randomizados e) artigos publicados entre 2016 e 2021 f) artigos que contemplem hemartrose por hemofilia grave. Resultados: No total, foram encontrados 42 artigos nas bases de dados selecionadas; oito estavam duplicados e 25 foram excluídos por não serem ensaios clínicos randomizados ou por não contemplarem a temática. Após leitura cuidadosa, foram identificados 9 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Dos trabalhos elegíveis, um relatou sobre reposição de fator e oito artigos relataram sobre tratamento fisioterapêutico. Conclusão: A reposição de fatores para pacientes hemofílicos é essencial e, com base nas informações obtidas, a reposição precoce é benéfica para o paciente, evitando complicações articulares. A profilaxia está indicada na hemofilia grave e seu principal objetivo é prevenir a hemartrose recorrente, que pode causar deformidades funcionais permanentes. Algumas intervenções fisioterapêuticas são indicadas para prevenir danos articulares em pacientes hemofílicos graves. Os achados mostram diversidade nas modalidades de fisioterapia empregadas. A prevenção total dos danos articulares ainda é um desafio. É necessária uma combinação de tratamentos e acompanhamento por equipe multi-disciplinar de forma a garantir a saúde e qualidade de vida dos pacientes. (AU)