RESUMEN
Platinum-Ruthenium (PtRu) bimetallic nanoparticles are promising catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) required by direct methanol fuel cells. However, existing catalyst synthesis methods have difficulty controlling their composition and structures. Here, a direct Joule heating method to yield highly active and stable PtRu catalysts for MOR is shown. The optimized Joule heating condition at 1000 °C over 50 microseconds produces uniform PtRu nanoparticles (6.32 wt.% Pt and 2.97 wt% Ru) with an average size of 2.0 ± 0.5 nanometers supported on carbon black substrates. They have a large electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of 239 m2 g-1 and a high ECSA normalized specific activity of 0.295 mA cm-2. They demonstrate a peak mass activity of 705.9 mA mgPt -1 for MOR, 2.8 times that of commercial 20 wt.% platinum/carbon catalysts, and much superior to PtRu catalysts obtained by standard hydrothermal synthesis. Theoretical calculation results indicate that the superior catalytic activity can be attributed to modified Pt sites in PtRu nanoparticles, enabling strong methanol adsorption and weak carbon monoxide binding. Further, the PtRu catalyst demonstrates excellent stability in two-electrode methanol fuel cell tests with 85.3% current density retention and minimum Pt surface oxidation after 24 h.
RESUMEN
Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt is one of the most endangered mangrove species in China. Previous studies have showed the impact of chilling stress on L. littorea and the repsonses at physiological and biochemical levels, but few attentions have been paid at molecular level. In this study, we conducted genome-wide investigation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional dynamics in L. littorea in response to chilling stress (8 °C day/5 °C night). In the seedlings of L. littorea, chilling sensing and signal transducing, photosystem II regeneration and peroxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging were substantially enhanced to combat the adverse impact induced by chilling exposure. We further revealed that alternative polyadenylation (APA) events participated in chilling stress-responsive processes, including energy metabolism and steroid biosynthesis. Furthermore, APA-mediated miRNA regulations downregulated the expression of the genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and elongation, and protein phosphorylation, reflecting the important role of post-transcriptional regulation in modulating chilling tolerance in L. littorea. Our findings present a molecular view to the adaptive characteristics of L. littorea and shed light on the conservation genomic approaches of endangered mangrove species.