Age, Gleason Score, and PSA are important prognostic factors for survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Results of The Uroncor Group (Uro-Oncological Tumors) of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR).

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has changed significantly in recent years. Inhibitors of androgen receptors have shown especially significant benefits in overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), with a good toxicity profile. Treatment selection depends on the patient's individual clinical, radiological, and biological characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To describe treatment outcomes (efficacy, toxicity) in a cohort of patients with mCRPC in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multicenter, retrospective study of patients with mCRPC included in a database of the Urological Tumour Working Group (URONCOR) of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR). Metastatic CRPC was defined according to the prostate cancer working group 3 (PCWG3) criteria. The Kaplan-Meier technique was used to evaluate OS and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, v.4.0) were used to assess toxicity. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the factors significantly associated with OS. RESULTS: A total of 314 patients from 17 hospitals in Spain diagnosed with mCRPC between June 2010 and September 2017 were included in this study. Mean age at diagnosis was 68 years (range 45-89). At a median follow-up of 35 months, OS at 1, 3, and 5 years were 92%, 38%, and 28%, respectively. Grades 1-2 and grade 3 toxicity rates were, respectively, 68% and 19%. No grade 4 toxicities were observed. On the multivariate analysis, the following factors were significantly associated with OS: age (hazard ratio [HR] 0.42, p = 0.010), PSA value at diagnosis of mCRPC (HR 0.55, p = 0.008), and Gleason score (HR 0.61, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Age, Gleason score, and PSA at diagnosis of mCRPC are independently associated with overall survival in patients with mCRPC. The efficacy and toxicity outcomes in this patient cohort treated in radiation oncology departments in Spain are consistent with previous reports.

Intraocular metastasis: comparison of clinical presentation with a known and unknown primary tumour. / Metástasis intraoculares: comparación entre las formas de presentación clínica con tumor primario conocido y desconocido.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study is to review the frequency of intraocular metastases as first presentation of systemic disease, and to identify clinical and tumour characteristics. METHODS: Retrospective study of consecutive cases diagnosed of intraocular metástasis at a referral intraocular tumours unit between 1993 and 2014. General, epidemiological and ophthalmological characteristics were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients, with a mean age 62.7 years (31-89) were diagnosed with intraocular metástasis between 1993 and 2014. Both eyes were affected in 4 cases. Location was choroid in 20 cases. The intraocular tumour was the first manifestation of the systemic disease in 13 patients (61.9%). Primary tumour was breast in 47.6% and lung in 23.8%. Diagnosis of the primary tumour was performed by systemic studies, and only 1 patient required intraocular biopsy. Regarding the treatment, the majority of cases were controlled with systemic therapy, with 4 cases requiring additional external beam radiotherapy, and only one enucleation. No clinical differences were found between the cases with known and unknown systemic neoplasia, except in exudative retinal detachment, which was more frequent in the second group. CONCLUSIONS: Although intraocular metastases are the most frequent intraocular tumour, they are not a frequent cause of consultation. In more than half of the cases it is the first presentation of unknown systemic neoplasia as a solitary non-pigmented intraocular mass. Early diagnosis is crucial to establish the appropriate treatment, preserve visual function, and improve the prognosis of the patient.

Primary conjunctival follicular lymphoma mimicking chronic conjunctivitis.

CLINICAL CASE: The case is presented of a 43 year-old male patient with chronic follicular conjunctivitis, negative bacterial serology, and refractory to local treatment. The incisional biopsy performed showed to be consistent with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. A year later, a new incisional biopsy showed follicular lymphoma, with no systemic involvement, and he was treated with local radiotherapy. DISCUSSION: When a chronic follicular conjunctivitis is refractory to treatment, it is essential to perform an incisional biopsy to establish the histopathological diagnosis that can range from chronic inflammation, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia to lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma is rare among conjunctival lymphomas, and the staging is indispensable for the correct therapeutic approach.

Metástasis intraoculares: comparación entre las formas de presentación clínica con tumor primario conocido y desconocido / Intraocular metastasis: comparison of clinical presentation with a known and unknown primary tumour

OBJETIVO: El objetivo del presente estudio es revisar la frecuencia de metástasis intraoculares como primera manifestación de enfermedad sistémica e identificar las características clínicas y tumorales. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo y consecutivo de casos diagnosticados como metástasis intraoculares en una unidad de referencia de tumores intraoculares entre 1993 y 2014. Se registraron las características generales, epidemiológicas y oftalmológicas. RESULTADOS: Entre 1993 y 2014, se diagnosticaron 21 pacientes con metástasis intraoculares. Edad media de 62,7 años (31-89). Se observó bilateralidad en 4 casos y localización coroidea en 20 casos. El tumor intraocular fue la primera manifestación de la enfermedad sistémica en 13 pacientes (61,9%). El tumor primario fue la mama en el 47,5% de los casos y el pulmón en el 23,8%. El diagnóstico del tumor primario se realizó mediante estudios sistémicos y solo un paciente requirió biopsia intraocular. Respecto al tratamiento, la mayoría de los casos se controlaron mediante terapia sistémica; 4 casos precisaron radioterapia externa adicional y solamente un caso, enucleación. No se encontraron diferencias clínicas entre los casos de cáncer sistémico conocido o desconocido, excepto respecto al desprendimiento de retina exudativo, más frecuente en el segundo grupo. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque las metástasis intraoculares son el tumor intraocular más frecuente, no son un motivo frecuente de consulta. En más de la mitad de los casos es la forma de presentación de una neoplasia sistémica desconocida como una masa intraocular solitaria no pigmentada. El diagnóstico precoz es crucial para establecer el tratamiento adecuado, preservar la función visual y mejorar el pronóstico vital del paciente

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study is to review the frequency of intraocular metastases as first presentation of systemic disease, and to identify clinical and tumour characteristics. METHODS: Retrospective study of consecutive cases diagnosed of intraocular metástasis at a referral intraocular tumours unit between 1993 and 2014. General, epidemiological and ophthalmological characteristics were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients, with a mean age 62.7 years (31-89) were diagnosed with intraocular metástasis between 1993 and 2014. Both eyes were affected in 4 cases. Location was choroid in 20 cases. The intraocular tumour was the first manifestation of the systemic disease in 13 patients (61.9%). Primary tumour was breast in 47.6% and lung in 23.8%. Diagnosis of the primary tumour was performed by systemic studies, and only 1 patient required intraocular biopsy. Regarding the treatment, the majority of cases were controlled with systemic therapy, with 4 cases requiring additional external beam radiotherapy, and only one enucleation. No clinical differences were found between the cases with known and unknown systemic neoplasia, except in exudative retinal detachment, which was more frequent in the second group. CONCLUSIONS: Although intraocular metastases are the most frequent intraocular tumour, they are not a frequent cause of consultation. In more than half of the cases it is the first presentation of unknown systemic neoplasia as a solitary non-pigmented intraocular mass. Early diagnosis is crucial to establish the appropriate treatment, preserve visual function, and improve the prognosis of the patient

Linfoma folicular primario de la conjuntiva simulando conjuntivitis crónica / Primary conjunctival follicular lymphoma mimicking chronic conjunctivitis

CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente varón de 43 años con conjuntivitis folicular crónica resistente a tratamiento local, y serologías para bacterias negativas. Se realizó biopsia incisional que fue compatible con hiperplasia reactiva linfoide. Un año después, una nueva biopsia mostró un linfoma folicular, sin afectación sistémica, que fue tratado con radioterapia local. DISCUSIÓN: Ante una conjuntivitis folicular crónica resistente a tratamiento convencional es esencial realizar una biopsia incisional para el diagnóstico histopatológico, que puede abarcar desde la inflamación crónica y la hiperplasia reactiva linfoide al linfoma. El linfoma folicular es raro entre los linfomas de conjuntiva y la estadificación es indispensable para un correcto abordaje terapéutico

CLINICAL CASE: The case is presented of a 43 year-old male patient with chronic follicular conjunctivitis, negative bacterial serology, and refractory to local treatment. The incisional biopsy performed showed to be consistent with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. A year later, a new incisional biopsy showed follicular lymphoma, with no systemic involvement, and he was treated with local radiotherapy. DISCUSSION: When a chronic follicular conjunctivitis is refractory to treatment, it is essential to perform an incisional biopsy to establish the histopathological diagnosis that can range from chronic inflammation, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia to lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma is rare among conjunctival lymphomas, and the staging is indispensable for the correct therapeutic approach

Toxicidad por sobredosis de mitomicina / Toxicity of mitomycin-C overdose

La toxicidad hematológica de la mitomicina C es tardía y puede aparecer meses después de la administración del fármaco. Es excepcional encontrar casos de toxicidad por sobredosis de mitomicina. Presentamos un caso de aplasia medular severa y prolongada tras sobredosificación de mitomicina-C. La dosis total acumulada (100 mg/m2) fue prácticamente el doble de la que se recomienda habitualmente y se administró con una pauta semanal a lo largo de cinco semanas. El paciente ingresó tres meses después de la primera dosis con deterioro del estado general, aplasia medular confirmada mediante biopsia y ascitis secundaria a recidiva abdominal de adenocarcinoma gástrico. La toxicidad hematológica se mantuvo durante los 69 días que duró el ingreso y no comenzó a recuperarse hasta casi cinco meses después de la primera dosis de mitomicina (AU)