Predictive value of controlled nutritional status score for overt hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt of Budd-Chiari syndrome / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of controlled nutritional status (CONUT) score for overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) after transjugular intrahepatic portosys-temic stent-shunt (TIPSS) in Budd-Chiari syndrome patients.Method:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 48 Budd-Chiari syndrome patients who underwent TIPSS in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2014 to March 2021 were collected. There were 26 males and 22 females, aged (46±13)years. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations and follow-up; (2) analysis of influencing factors of OHE after TIPSS; (3) predic-tion of OHE after TIPSS. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was performed using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented by M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was performed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Logistic regression model with forward method. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the efficacy. Comparison among AUC was performed using the Delong test. Results:(1) Surgical situations and follow-up. All 48 patients underwent TIPSS successfully, and the operation time of the 48 patients was (131±29)minutes. All patients were implanted with 8 mm covered stent. All 48 patients were followed up for 46(25,71)months, and there were 14 cases with OHE and 34 cases without OHE after TIPSS. Of the 14 cases with OHE, 12 cases were evaluated as West-Haven Ⅱ grade and 2 cases were evaluated as West-Haven Ⅲ grade. (2) Analysis of influencing factors of OHE after TIPSS. Results of multivariate analysis showed that history of hepatic encephalo-pathy and CONUT score were independent factors influencing the incidence of OHE of Budd-Chiari syndrome patients who underwent TIPSS ( odds ratio=8.36, 1.74, 95% confidence interval as 1.02?68.75, 1.12?2.69, P<0.05). (3) Prediction of OHE after TIPSS. Results of ROC curve showed that the AUC of the CONUT score, the Child-Pugh score of liver function and the integrated model of end-stage liver disease (iMELD) score in predicting the incidence of OHE after TIPSS was 0.77(95% confidence interval as 0.64?0.91, P<0.05), 0.71(95% confidence interval as 0.56?0.87, P<0.05) and 0.71(95% confidence interval as 0.53?0.88, P<0.05), respectively, and there was no significant difference between the AUC of the CONUT score and the Child-Pugh score of liver function or the iMELD score ( Z=0.84, 0.59, P>0.05). The optimal cutoff value of CONUT score in predicting the incidence of OHE after TIPSS was 7, with the sensitivity, specificity and Yodon index as 78.6%, 61.8% and 0.40, respectively. Conclusion:The CONUT score can be used to predict the incidence of OHE in Budd-Chiari syndrome patients who underwent TIPSS, and the discrimination of CONUT score is equivalent to the Child-Pugh score of liver function and the iMELD score.

Study on the mechanism of mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway in Budd-Chiari syndrome liver fibrosis / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway in Budd-Chiari syndrome (B-CS) liver fibrosis.Methods:Twenty male C57 mice were randomly divided into Sham operation group (Sham), sham operation+ rapamycin (Sham+ Ra) group, B-CS group, B-CS+ rapamycin (B-CS+ Ra) Group, 5 in each group. The B-CS mouse model was constructed by partial ligation of the inferior vena cava(IVC) at the posterior segment of the liver; IVC was not ligated in the Sham group. Mice in Sham+ Ra and B-CS+ Ra groups were intraperitoneally injected with rapamycin (2 mg/kg, 5% DMSO solution preparation) every other day, Sham group and B-CS group were injected with the same dose of 5% DMSO solution.After 6 weeks, samples were taken, and part of the liver tissue was used to make paraffin sections for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Sirus Red staining to observe the pathological changes, and immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of α-SMA and Fibrinogen in liver tissues; Protein and RNA were extracted from fresh liver tissue, and Western-blot was used to detect α-SMA, Fibrinogen, p-mTOR, mTOR, HIF-1α, Collagen I, and VEGF protein levels. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect mTOR, HIF-1α, CollagenⅠ, VEGF mRNA levels.Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and the comparison between groups was performed by one-way ANOVA test. Results:The results of pathological staining showed that in the B-CS group, there was severe congestion around the central vein of the liver and sinusoids, widening of the sinus space, and increased collagen deposition, indicating that this study successfully established a mouse B-CS liver fibrosis model. The expression levels of fibrosis indicators α-SMA and Collagen I protein, mTOR pathway related indicators p-mTOR and HIF-1α protein, and microthrombus indicator Fibrinogen protein in the Sham group were 0.027±0.012, 0.337±0.008, 0.138±0.024, 0.296±0.113, 0.733±0.192; B-CS group were 0.986±0.001, 0.927±0.055, 0.936±0.044, 1.693±0.443, 1.612±0.068, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The expression levels of B-CS+ Ra group were 0.707±0.078, 0.311±0.024, 0.332±0.094, 0.254±0.117, 0.569±0.075, which were statistically significant compared with B-CS group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway is significantly activated in mouse B-CS liver fibrosis. This pathway may participate in the development of liver fibrosis by regulating microthrombosis.

Advances in therapies for unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma / 国际外科学杂志

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract. Surgical resection is the only radical treatment method at present. However, due to its insidious onset and high degree of malignancy, it is usually in the middle or late stage when first diagnosed, most patients have lost the chance of radical surgery and have a very poor prognosis. In recent years, with the continuous progress of medical technology, the optimization and different combination of treatment methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biliary drainage, photodynamic therapy, nano-knife ablation, intraluminal radiofrequency ablation, liver transplantation, targeted therapy and immunotherapy has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy and intraluminal radiofrequency ablation on the basis of biliary drainage can prolong the time of biliary patency. Nano-knife ablation can maximize the elimination of tumor cells on the premise of protecting the structure of the ducts. Liver transplantation offers a possibly curative opportunity for patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy provide a breakthrough point for precision therapy and individualized therapy. Based on the literature and the clinical experience of our team, this paper discussed the therapeutic approaches for unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma and encountered problems, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment and related research.

Application of ballon atrial septostomy for left heart venting during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To discuss whether balloon atrial septostomy(BAS) can provide safe and effective left ventricular venting for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(V-A ECMO).Methods:From March 2017 to January 2019, 9 patients received BAS for left ventricular venting during V-A ECMO treatment in our hospital, including 5 males and 4 females, aged 12-72 years. There were 3 cases of severe myocarditis, 4 cases of low cardiac output after cardiac surgery, and 2 cases of acute myocardial infarction. Basic data, procedure data, outcome and follow-up were recorded.Results:BAS were successfully performed in 9 patients. Procedure time on average was 42.2 min. Anterior mediastinal hematoma occurred in 1 case. There were no other procedure-related complications in the rest cases. No pulmonary edema or thrombosis occurred in all 9 cases during ECMO. No closure procedure was performed.Conclusion:BAS is a safe and effective method for left ventricular venting. The procedure is conductive to the recovery of patients with severe left heart failure.

Overexpression of Aquaporin 1 on cysts of patients with polycystic liver disease

Background and objective: Polycystic liver disease (PCLD) represents a group of genetic disorders that include autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and isolated polycystic liver disease (iPCLD). There is currently no definitive treatment except for liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to assess the expression level of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) on the PCLD cysts with different sizes and provide the potential therapeutic target. Methods: We collected 3 normal bile ducts, and recruited 8 patients with simple liver cyst disease, 24 patients with ADPKD, and 17 patients with iPCLD. AQP1 expression in different types of cyst walls and in normal bile ducts was detected using real time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. We also compared AQP1 expression levels in cysts of different sizes. Besides, ionic concentrations, pH and osmolality of cyst fluid were analyzed. Results: The results showed that AQP1 expression in PCLD cysts was significantly higher than that in simple liver cysts and the normal bile ducts. In addition, a comparable increasing trend was found in cysts of smaller sizes to cysts of larger sizes. pH values, the sodium and chloride concentrations were higher in cyst fluid than that in the serum. Conclusions: AQP1 was overexpressed in cystic cholangiocytes. A tendency of increased AQP1 protein expression in correlation with the cyst size was also found. These observations offered a direction into the molecular mechanisms of cyst expansion and maybe provide new treatment strategies to reduce fluid secretion into liver cysts (AU)

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TOF treatment for early postoperative use of endothelin receptor antagonist for the BNP impact study / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To determine the brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) levels and the effects of endothelin receptor antagonist(ERA) on BNP levels in patients with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) recently surgical repaired.Methods During January 2010 to January 2012,32 cases of TOF after surgical repaired in hospital were selected.There are 20 males and 12 females,Aged 4 years to 18 years [mean age (7.64 ± 3.75) years] in age.All patients underwent enhanced CT to evaluate the pulmonary vessels and left ventricular before surgery arrangements.As the surgeries done,the patients were grouped randomly as either A or B.All 14 patients in group A started to follow the recommended dosage of bosentan within 3 days after surgery.Meanwhile,all 18 in group B had not taken bosentan or any other ERAs since the surgeries.Both group was evaluated and examined with echocardiography and blood test at the 10th day after surgery.Results None of the patients died within 10 days after surgery.BNP levels of group A was significantly lower than of group B.Inotropic score of group A was markedly lower,too.However,although group A showed mildly advantages in tricuspid regurgitation,pulmonary regurgitation,ratio of RV/LV end-systolic dimension and liver functions,there was no statistically significant difference.Conclusion For patients with tetralogy of Fallot,early use of ERAs after surgical repaired could reduce the use of inotropic agents and significantly decrease the BNP levels when discharged.

Can PDA patient in early stage of Eisenmenger syndrome accept interventional surgery ? / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To explore whether the PDA patients in the early stage of Eisenmenger syndrome can accept interventional surgery. Methods Three patients were choose from the “National Multicenter Prospective Registration Study on Pulmonary Artery Hypertension”, Clinical assessment, as well as examinations and registrations associated with PAH, was conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of the registration study within 1 wk prior to surgery. The way of the interventional treatment were right heart catheterization and pulmonary vasodilator testing (a capsule of iloprost solution for inhalation), and measurement of the pulmonary arterial pressure, descending aortic pressure, ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow, ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [mean≤15 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)], before and after testing. After clear the results of pulmonary vasodilator test all patients underwent transcatheter closure testing, if it was positive,the amplatzer was released if her family members’ approved;Conversely, the amplatzer was quickly withdrawn with negative results, and symptomatic treatment was conducted based on the patient’s clinical symptoms. Results The first cases pulmonary vasodilator test was negative, but positive in transcatheter closure testing. Satisfaction immediate effect of surgery, and the occluder was released with her family members’ approval. patients of Example 2 and Example 3 were negative in pulmonary vasodilator testing and transcatheter closure testing, can not released the occluder. Conclusions Some Patents Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) patients in early stage of Eisenmenger syndrome is feasible to accept interventional therapy , try plugging test is may be an important indicator of prognostic assessment.